Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila sp.6 ( Figs. 67 , 68 , 87C ) Material examined : female labelled as follows: “ Brasil , Acre , Sen. [ Senador ] Guionard , 14-31/i/2017 , Malaise [Trap], JA Rafael”, “ AM09 ” [ INPA ].Specimen condition: Right arista, fronto-orbital setae, postocellar setae, scutum setae, several setulae and scutellum setae missing . Description. Head ( Figs. 67A, C ): yellow with black and dark brown marks; eyes red, pubescent; face with a large, narrow prominent carina, yellow with transversal black band at the ventral margin; scape light brown; pedicel basally brown, apically light yellow; flagellomere 1 brownish, basally yellow, apically darker, compressed, mango-shaped; left arista with five dorsal and one ventral branches, and terminal fork; frons light yellow and brown; fronto-orbital plate yellow, dark brown spot at p rc frorb s; a rc frorb s lateral of pc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.02 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.06 mm ; frontal vitta brown, lighter near ptilinal suture; frontal triangle yellow, large; ocellar triangle black, prominent; genae light yellow with a black ventral band along the ventral margin, the band reaches the eye near vibrissae; clypeus black; palps dark brown to black, large; labellum black. Thorax ( Figs. 67B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow with two longitudinal sub-medial brown bands anteriorly parallel converging medially near the transverse suture and, in height of dorsocentral setae, the bands fuse and are replaced by brown spots partially fused forming a triangle shape; base of the dorsocentral setae with brown spots; postpronotum light yellow; external margin of postpronotal lobe brown; transverse suture with a brown mark extended towards supra-alar area; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae which become scarce posterior to the anterior dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown, with yellow margins from its base until the base of the apical scutellar setae, dark spots at the base of the basal scutellar setae; pleura mostly brown with longitudinal yellow band above katepisternum. Legs tan, darker rings from near the base to the middle of the femora. Wings ( Fig. 67F ): hyaline with a apically pointy,large,black costal lappet; faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet; R 4+5 and M 1 Parallel; halter light yellow; index: C = 1.38, ac = 3.11, hb = 1.24, 4c = 1.93, 4v = 2.97, 5x = 2.73, M = 1.03, prox. x = 0.62. Length = 1.61 mm , width = 0.77 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 67D, E ): tergites yellow with brown and black marks; T1 brownish, laterally brown; T2 brown, sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, medial faint yellow mark at the anterior margin; T3 brown, sub-laterally yellow; T4 yellow with a caudal black band interrupted sub-laterally in yellow, the black band is enlarged medially advancing towards the anterior margin, the band advances to the anterior margin laterally reaching it; T5 yellow, one large triangle shaped mark medially, one sub-lateral caudal black mark, laterally black; T6 yellow with triangle shaped black mark medially, laterally black; T7 yellow; S7 with microtrichia and 12 setulae.; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Fig.68 ): T8 with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt vale sclerotinized, long, squarish at the tip in lateral view; four large peg-like ovisensilla on the posterior margin, horizontal row of six peg-like ovisensilla on the apical ventral margin, around 10 tiny pegs on the ventral margin; Spermathecal capsule highly sclerotized, dome-shaped, with wrinkled rings on the basal half of the capsule, wider medially; introvert 5/6 of the total length of the capsule, with a large depression apically. Body length : 1.94 mm .