Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila sp.1 ( Figs. 57 , 58 , 86D ) Material examined : female labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil ] – RJ [= State of Rio de Janeiro ] – PES [= State Park ] da Pedra Selada ( 22°19’59.8”S , 44°32’15.38”W ) Data: 20.i.2021 - 04.ii.2021 Col. : Telles MHF OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”, “Sc005” [ MZUSP ]. Specimen condition: Abdomen wrinkled . Description. Head ( Figs.57A, C ): yellow with black and dark brown; eyes red, pubescent; face dorsally brown, medially light yellow, ventrally light brown; carina light yellow, prominent, narrow; scape brownish; pedicel basally brownish, apically light yellow; flagellomere 1 dark brown, lighter basally and apically, compressed; arista with six dorsal branches, one ventral branch and terminal fork; frons light yellow and brown; fronto-orbital plate yellow, brown spot at the base of p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black, a rc frorb s lateral and anterior of pc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.03 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.06 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.06 mm ; frontal vitta brown,lighter near ptilinal suture; frontal triangle yellow, large; ocellar triangle brown, prominent; postocellar setae black, crossing; genae light yellow with black mark under the eye near vibrissa, black at the margin near vibrissae, brown at the margin near ventral margin; palps brown, large; labellum dark brown. Thorax ( Figs. 57B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow with two broad sub-medial brown marks which converges and fuse medially; transversal suture with brown marks which advances towards supra alar region; brown spots at the base of dorsocentral setae; postpronotum light yellow; external margin of postpronotum brown;four irregular rows of acrostichal setulae; acrostichal setulae absent posterior to the posterior dorsocentral setae; anterior dorsocentral setae divergent smaller and thinner than converging posterior dorsocentral setae;scutellum brown, lighter near lateral margin, darker at the posterior margin; basal scutellar setae convergent, almost straight slightly curved inwards;apical scutellar setae convergent,curved inwards, crossing; pleura brown with a broad longitudinal yellow band above katepisternum. Legs tan, femora slightly lighter. Wings ( Fig.57F ): hyaline with a black large club-like costal lappet hyaline,faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet;R 4+5 and M 1 parallel;halter light yellow;index: C = 1.36, ac = 3.63, hb = 1.26, 4c = 2.03, 4v = 3.06, 5x = 2.79, M = 1.15, prox. x = 0.65. Length = 1.92 mm , width = 0.89 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 57D, E ): tergites yellow and brown; sternites tan, S7 with microtrichia and with nine setulae (five on the left side, four on the right side); intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Fig.58 ):T8with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt vale sclerotinized, long, squarish in lateral view; four peg-like ovisensilla on the posterior margin, horizontal row of around peg-like ovisensilla ventral margin, the ovisensilla are densely grouped on the posterior region and it gets smaller anteriorly.Spermathecal capsule sclerotized, dome-shaped, roundish, with a sub-basal wrinkled ring; introvert 1/2 the total length of the capsule. Body length : 1.81mm .