The Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) of the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain, North Africa): a preliminary faunistic account Author Monasterio, Yeray Author Ruiz, José L. Author Escobés, Ruth Author García, Antonio Author Iglesias, Arturo Author López, Mar Author Pérez, Rafael Author Farino, Teresa Author Vergara, Enrique text Arquivos Entomolóxicos 2025 2025-04-06 32 241 290 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.16951570 1989-6581 16951570 Satyrium esculi (Hübner, [1804]) ( Lycaenidae ) ** L4; 24/V/2019 , perch. on Q. suber sapling, nect. on new shoots, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 05/VI/2019 , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/VI/2019 , nect. on Q. suber , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 20/VI/2019 , nect. on D. carota , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 22/V/2020 , nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on Q. suber , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/V/2020 , perch. on Q. suber , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/VI/2020 , nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on Q. suber leaves, 9 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 19/VI/2020 , nect. on G. linifolia and Q. suber leaves, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 21/VI/2020 , nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on Q. suber , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 14/VI/2021 , nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on Q. suber , 7 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 13/VI/2019 , nect. on T. caeruleum , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L29; 22/VI/2019 , perch. on Q. suber , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 07/VI/2019 , nect. on Q. suber , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 29/VI/2020 , nect. on D. carota , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019 , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 21/VI/2020 , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 29/VI/2020 , nect. on D. carota , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 09/VI/2021 , perch. on Q. suber , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 07/VI/2019 , perch. on Q. suber , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L44; 06/VI/2019 , perch. on Q. suber leaves, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L63; 12/VI/2021 , nect. on D. carota , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019 , perch. on Q. suber , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 13/VI/2019 , perch. on Q. suber , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 06/VI/2020 , nect. on L. stoechas , C. crispus , and perch. on Q. suber , 13 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 21/VI/2020 , nect. on L. stoechas and perch. on Q. suber , 29 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020 , nect. on D. gerardi , 18 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 13/VI/2022 , perch. on young Q. suber leaves, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L75; 13/VI/2022 , nect. on R. ulmifolius and D. carota , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L76; 16/VI/2019 , nect. on Q. suber , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L80; 08/VI/2019 , nect. on D. carota , P. spinosa , and S. atropurpurea and perch. on Q. suber , 21 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 06/VI/2020 , nect. on D. carota and Diplotaxis sp. , 4 ex. v., JLR. Comment: First records for Ceuta , based on observations from 17 localities within 9 1× 1 km UTM squares. The species has a flight period primarily from May to June, with additional observations in September. It is usually associated with formations or small stands of Q. suber . Adults have been observed nectaring on S. atropurpurea , D. carota , T. caeruleum , R. ulmifolius , L. stoechas , C. crispus , D. gerardi , P. spinosa , and Diplotaxis sp. The most likely larval host plant in Ceuta is Q. suber , as adults have frequently been seen flying and perching around it. Notably, S. esculi has been reported as a defoliator of cork oak ( Q. suber ) in southern Iberia ( Robles et al ., 2020 ) and is closely associated with other Quercus species across its range ( García-Barros et al ., 2013 ). Northern African populations, including the one in Ceuta , belong to the subspecies S. esculi mauretanica (Staudinger, 1892) ( Rungs, 1981 ; Tennent, 1996 ; Tarrier & Delacre, 2008 ; Leraut, 2016 ; Tarrier, 2025c ).