<document id="C25C934B72AD42640E792FEC437F97A3" ID-DOI="10.61186/jibs.11.1.129" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f17264d0-6b71-4e8b-875e-ba9152b1039d" ID-ISSN="2423-8112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15810233" ID-ZooBank="8B066569-D316-467B-A676-EDC7C998FD7A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1751672264199" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rao, B. Sumit Kumar &amp; Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan" docDate="2025" docId="03D087E716549571FFEDF8BBFAF0AF73" docLanguage="en" docName="JInsectBiodiversSyst.11.1.129-149.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.1.129" docStyle="DocumentStyle:306F22FACD1806273E0DAE68295A041D.1:JInsectBiodiversSyst.2022-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="306F22FACD1806273E0DAE68295A041D" docStyleName="JInsectBiodiversSyst.2022-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ravanoa xiphialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FFE9FF9F165D957BFF9CFFD0FFDAAD2B" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1752167206039" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="397C797775AD5812FD89BCEB6ACF0437">Contribution to the knowledge of Pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3361EC480F69494A6D2EEAAB218498D">Rao, B. Sumit Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E39721FC1ACE7AF31CCC5910DD272A7F">National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, State Health Society, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, IN- 744101, India. Z sumitkumarb 3850 @ gmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1110 - 2083</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8EAFF2094507099FAC1F90CC0A0828B5">Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26AD00769D18A432F76B383D0A127D11">Zoological Survey of India-Andaman Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair - 744104, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Z c _ sivaperuman 1 @ rediffmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3582 - 7767</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03D087E716549571FFEDF8BBFAF0AF73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15810433" ID-GBIF-Taxon="265655834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15810433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087E716549571FFEDF8BBFAF0AF73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087E716549571FFEDF8BBFAF0AF73" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Crambidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_phylum="Arthropoda" scope_subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<subSubSection id="C363657A16549572FFEDF8BBFD0FAAAE" box="[113,725,1898,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC636F116549572FFEDF8BBFD0FAAAE" blockId="9.[113,725,1898,1925]" box="[113,725,1898,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<heading id="D08E819D16549572FFEDF8BBFD0FAAAE" box="[113,725,1898,1925]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D7216549572FFEDF8BBFDF3AAAF" ID-CoL="4RMGZ" authority="(Walker, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[113,553,1898,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ravanoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiphialis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316549572FFEDF8BBFDF3AAAF" bold="true" box="[113,553,1898,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316549572FFEDF8BBFEBEAAAE" bold="true" box="[113,356,1898,1925]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Ravanoa xiphialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0016549572FEEFF8BAFDFBAAAF" author="Walker, F." box="[371,545,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" refId="ref12825" refString="Walker, F. (1859) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XVI - Deltoides, XVII - Pyralides, Part XVIII - Pyralides, Part XIX - Pyralides. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, iv + 1036 p." type="book" year="1859">Walker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13422A7416549572FDA7F8BBFD47AAAE" box="[571,669,1899,1925]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[113,199,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[117,1467,202,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[113,1473,202,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of the pyraloid moths. A. Agrotera basinotata Hampson, 1891; B. Bocchoris trimaculalis (Snellen, 1880); C. Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854; D. Chabula trivitralis (Swinhoe, 1895); E. Cirrhochrista bracteolalis Hampson, 1891; F. Conogethes pluto (Butler, 1887); G. Cotachena alysoni Whalley, 1961; H. Daulia aurantialis Hampson, 1896; I. Hemopsis dissipatalis (Lederer, 1863); J. Macaretaera hesperis Meyrick, 1886; K. Nosophora albiguttalis Swinhoe, 1890; L. Nosophora conjunctalis Walker, 1866; M. Patania obfuscalis Yamanaka, 1998; N. Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius, 1794); O. Ravanoa xiphialis (Walker, 1859)." pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Figs 2O</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13422A7416549572FD30F8BBFD11AAAE" box="[684,715,1899,1925]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[113,199,1952,1978]" captionTargetBox="[117,1466,202,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[113,1474,202,1928]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Female genitalia of the pyraloid moths. A. Cirrhochrista bracteolalis Hampson, 1891; B. Cotachena alysoni Whalley, 1961; C. Daulia aurantialis Hampson, 1896; D. Hemopsis dissipatalis (Lederer, 1863); E. Macaretaera hesperis Meyrick, 1886; F. Ravanoa xiphialis (Walker, 1859); G. Tatobotys varanesalis Walker, 1859; H. Termiopchyta albifurcalis (Hampson, 1916)." pageId="9" pageNumber="138">6F</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657A16549572FFEDF849FD6FAAF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC636F116549572FFEDF849FCD6AA9A" blockId="9.[113,780,1945,2002]" box="[113,780,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6911DF16549572FFEDF849FCD6AA9A" box="[113,780,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD810E016549572FFEDF849FDDCAA9A" author="Walker, F." box="[113,518,1945,1969]" page="483" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D7216549572FFEDF849FDDCAA9A" authority="Walker, 1859: 483" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="483" authorityYear="1859" box="[113,518,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Zebronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiphilais">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316549572FFEDF849FEEFAA9A" box="[113,309,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Zebronia xiphilais</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0016549572FEA7F849FDDCAA9A" author="Walker, F." box="[315,518,1945,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" refId="ref12825" refString="Walker, F. (1859) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XVI - Deltoides, XVII - Pyralides, Part XVIII - Pyralides, Part XIX - Pyralides. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, iv + 1036 p." type="book" year="1859">Walker, 1859:483</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. TL: 
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116549572FDA2F849FD7CAA9A" box="[574,678,1945,1969]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, Borneo.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636F116549572FFEEF86AFD6FAAF9" blockId="9.[113,780,1945,2002]" box="[114,693,1978,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6911DF16549572FFEEF86AFD6FAAF9" box="[114,693,1978,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD810E016549572FFEEF86AFDF6AAF9" author="Walker, F." box="[114,556,1978,2002]" page="1350" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D7216549572FFEEF86AFDF6AAF9" authority="Walker, 1866: 1350" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1350" authorityYear="1866" box="[114,556,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Zebronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineolalis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316549572FFEEF86AFE97AAF9" box="[114,333,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Zebronia bilineolalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0016549572FEC8F86AFDF6AAF9" author="Walker, F." box="[340,556,1978,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref12884" refString="Walker, F. (1866) [1865] List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 34. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. i - iv + 1121-1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866:1350</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. TL: Mysol.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657A16549572FFEDF836FBD5A50D" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE316549572FFEDF836FEACA52A" bold="true" box="[113,374,2022,2049]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B113CAC16549572FE1FF837FBD5A50D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5209418341" collectingDate="2018-11-08" collectorName="K. C. Gopi &amp; Party." country="India" county="Great" location="Watch Tower" municipality="Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7816549572FE1FF837FE78A528" box="[387,418,2022,2051]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116549572FE2BF837FE24A52A" box="[439,510,2023,2049]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BDF81316549572FD8CF837FC6EA52A" box="[528,948,2023,2049]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62A74E7D16549572FC5BF837FBD5A52A" box="[967,1039,2023,2049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Great</collectingCounty>
Nicobar Islands, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2AC8B16549572FA98F837FEB9A50D" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EA6602A16549572FEF3F7DBFDFBA50D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087E716549571FFEDF8BBFAF0AF73:8EA6602A16549572FEF3F7DBFDFBA50D" box="[367,545,2059,2086]" country="India" county="Great" municipality="Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve" name="Watch Tower" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Watch Tower</location>
, 
<date id="FFC7103116549572FDB1F7DBFD6CA50E" box="[557,694,2059,2086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2018-11-08">
<collectingDate id="EF83E9D916549572FDB1F7DBFD6CA50E" box="[557,694,2059,2086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2018-11-08">08-XI-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="268C532716549572FC9DF7DBFC58A50E" box="[769,898,2059,2085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">K.C. Gopi</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="268C532716549572FC5EF7DCFBD5A50D" box="[962,1039,2060,2086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Party.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657A16579571FFEDFF02FF04AC81" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC636F116579571FFEDFF02FF04AC81" blockId="10.[113,1474,210,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316579571FFEDFF02FEDBADC7" bold="true" box="[113,257,210,236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan 
<quantity id="4C819B1416579571FE3EFF03FDDEADC6" box="[418,516,211,237]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
. Foreground colour white on both the wings, forewings with basally broader black costal margin, antemedial and medial straight black bands, postmedial band inwardly connected with the medial band, broad sub-terminal band, black terminal band on forewing. In female genitalia, papillae anales small, anterior apophysis longer than the posterior pair, ductus bursae short, antrum sclerotized, corpus bursae broad and elongated with small scobination of signum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657A16579571FFEDFE10FA62ACF7" box="[113,1464,448,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC636F116579571FFEDFE10FA62ACF7" blockId="10.[113,1464,448,476]" box="[113,1464,448,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316579571FFEDFE10FEC7ACF0" bold="true" box="[113,285,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116579571FEB8FE12FEA6ACF7" box="[292,380,450,476]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Burma</collectingCountry>
, Borneo (
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116579571FE64FE11FDB6ACF7" box="[504,620,449,476]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116579571FD1DFE11FC98ACF0" box="[641,834,449,475]" name="Malaysia India" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Malaysia India</collectingCountry>
(Kerela, Tripura), 
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116579571FBAEFE11FB77ACF0" box="[1074,1197,449,475]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0016579571FB21FE11FA7DACF0" author="Singh, N. &amp; Ranjan, R. &amp; Talukdar, A. &amp; Joshi, R. &amp; Kirti, J. S. &amp; Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R." box="[1213,1447,449,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref12029" refString="Singh, N., Ranjan, R., Talukdar, A., Joshi, R., Kirti, J. S., Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R. (2022 b) A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa, 5197 (1), 1-423. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Singh et al., 2022b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657A16579571FFEDFE21FAF0AF73" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC636F116579571FFEDFE21FAF0AF73" blockId="10.[113,1474,497,600]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316579571FFEDFE21FE87AF20" box="[113,349,497,524]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE316579571FFEDFE21FF36AF27" bold="true" box="[113,236,497,524]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C794D7216579571FF6AFE22FE87AF20" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1885" box="[246,349,498,523]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ravanoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ravanoa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, a genus represented by a single species, is now recorded for the first time on Great Nicobar Island in the Nicobar archipelago. While previously documented in the Indian states of 
<collectingRegion id="49BDF81316579571FAF1FDC8FA18AF19" box="[1389,1474,536,562]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Kerala</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49BDF81316579571FF36FDEEFECAAF73" box="[170,272,574,600]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Tripura</collectingRegion>
, this new finding expands the known range of the species to the 
<collectingCountry id="F36E766116579571FBCAFDEEFAFCAF73" box="[1110,1318,574,600]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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