Lavoisiera mucorifera Martius & Schrank ex Candolle (1828: 103)

Martins, Angela B. & Almeda, Frank, 2017, A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae), Phytotaxa 315 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

26. Lavoisiera mucorifera Martius & Schrank ex Candolle (1828: 103) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis alpinis alt. prope Tejuco, 800–900 hexap. in prov. Min. Gener. Brasilieae,” C. F. P. Martius s.n. (holotype: M-0174606-n.v., online image!, holotype photos: CAS!, F!, NY!, UEC!; isotypes: BR-5186358!, G-DC-n.v., online image!, M-0174607-n. v. online image!).

= Lavoisiera bicolor Naudin (1844: 151) . s yn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Fazenda de Caetano Jose de Melo “in tractu provinciae, Minas Geraes dicto Minas Novas,” A. Saint-Hilaire 1321, Cat. B (holotype: P!; isotypes: F!, P-00723381-n.v., online image!, P-00723382-n.v., online image!).

= Lavoisiera gardneri Naudin (1849: 221) . Type :— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In provincia Minas Geraes,” G. Gardner 4617 (holotype: P!; isotypes: BM!, E-00505256, n.v., online image!, F-2!, G-2!, K-2!, NY-2!, US!, W!) .

Erect, much-branched shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branches and branchlets rounded to subrounded or obscurely quadrangular and compressed distally, furrowed longitudinally on opposite faces, sparsely to moderately glandular-hirtellous, glabrescent and defoliating at the base with age; internodes ca. 5 mm long, with knobby thickenings that persist where a leaf has fallen away, nodes with inconspicuous glandular trichomes. Leaves sessile to inconspicuously subsessile, spreading; blade 5–17 × 3–8 mm, membranaceous, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, base rounded or obscurely subcordate, apex acute, margins serrulate and glandular-ciliate, adaxial surface sparsely beset with simple or gland-tipped trichomes, occasionally glabrate with trichomes restricted to the blade margins, abaxial surface sparsely to moderately covered with gland-tipped trichomes, glandular punctate and somewhat viscid, yellowish-green, flat, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved. Flowers typically 6-merous, sometimes 5- merous, solitary, terminal on principal and secondary branchlets but becoming central with the elongation of lateral branchlets, essentially sessile, subtended by 6–8 sessile to subsessile bracts, petiole 0.5 mm long. Bracts 5–5.5 × 4.5 mm, ovate, rounded to subcordate at the base, apex acute, ciliate, glandular-puberulous, 5-nerved, or bracts 7 × 3.5–4 mm, ovate-subcordate, apex acute, ciliate, glandular-puberulous, 3-nerved, otherwise similar to the principal leaves. Hypanthium (at anthesis) 4.5 mm long, campanulate, 4 mm wide distally, constricted above the ovary, moderately to copiously glandular-puberulous toward the base, glabrous distally. Calyx tube inconspicuous to ca. 0.5 mm long; calyx lobes (at anthesis) 7–9 × 1.2–1.5 mm, membranaceous, narrowly linear-triangular, apex acute and tipped with a glandular trichome, margins glandular-ciliate, sparsely glandular-hirtellous throughout or only abaxially, glabrous adaxially or with scattered gland-tipped trichomes distally, yellowish-green, caducous. Petals 12–18 × 8–12 mm, pale pink, pale lavender ranging to white or white flushed with pink, the base white, buds normally white or white with red-pink along the exposed margins, obovate, apex rounded and abruptly obtuse-apiculate with a gland-tipped trichome, base subrounded to attenuate, margins eciliate or shortly glandular-ciliolate. Stamens 10 or 12, dimorphic: large (antesepalous) stamens (5–)6, filaments 7–9 mm long, yellow-white, anther thecae 3–4.5 × 1 mm, yellow-orange turning brown, rostrum ca. 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective 5 mm long, appendage 1–2 mm long, the apex truncate to emarginate or obscurely bilobed, yellow; small (antepetalous) stamens (5–)6, filaments 5–6 mm long, yellow-white, anther thecae 2–2.5 × 1 mm, yellow, rostrum ca. 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective ca. 1–2 mm long, appendage 1–2 mm long, rounded, yellow. Ovary 6-locular, 2/3 inferior,

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MARTINS & ALMEDA style 6–7 mm long, straight, glabrous, stigma punctiform. Fruiting hypanthium 6–8 mm long, yellowish, or 12 mm with the calyx lobes. Capsule (at maturity) 5–7 × 3.5–4 mm, enveloped by the persistent, distally contracted hypanthium with shallow bowl-like summit after calyx lobes have fallen away, dehiscing from the base to the apex. Seeds 0.69–0.82 × 0.35–0.48 mm, oblong or reniform, orangish-red, periclinal cell walls of the testa convex and low domed becoming concave (foveolate), the raphal zone about 35% the length of the seed. Chromosome number unknown.

Illustrations:— Figure 49 ; Martius (1832: t. 269).

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

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Photographic images:— Figures 4D ; 10C–F .

Phenology:—Flowering throughout the year; fruiting sporadically from January through November and probably December.

Distribution and habita t:—Endemic to Minas Gerais where it is centered in the municípios of Datas, Diamantina, Gouveia, and Serro on the Cadeia do Espinhaço in campo rupestre and adjacent cerrado, brejo, margins of gallery forests, stream banks, and sandy meadows at 1150–1300 m elev. Figure 39 .

Conservation status:—This species can be locally common in its fairly limited range on the Diamantina plateau. We have studied nearly 70 collections, several of which come from the same populations. Only four of the known populations are afforded some protection in Parque Estadual do Biribiri which was created in 1998. The EOO is 800 km ² and the AOO is 60 km ². We recommend a classification of Endangered (EN): B2ab(iii) for this species.

Discussion:—This species is distinguished by its inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate leaf blades that are rounded to obscurely subcordate at the base, acute at the apex, sparsely beset with simple to gland-tipped trichomes (occasionally glabrate with trichomes restricted to the blade margins) on the adaxial surface and sparsely to moderately covered with gland-tipped trichomes on the abaxial surface. The flowers are typically 6-merous (sometimes 5-merous) and the ovary is 6-locular. The narrow linear-triangular calyx lobes are also beset with spreading gland-tipped trichomes abaxially and often adaxially as well as are the hypanthia except for the distal portions abaxially just below the torus. In addition to the variation in leaf shape noted above, the only other variation involves flower color. The petals can be pale pink, pale lavender, or rarely white or white flushed with pink. The flower buds are normally white or white with red-pink along the exposed margins. All of the petal color variation can be found on different individuals within a population. This is unusual in the genus since flower color variation in most other species tends to be uniform within a population.

Cogniaux (1883, 1891) placed Lavoisiera gardneri in the synonymy of L. mucorifera , a decision with which we agree. However, he continued to recognize L. bicolor . His brief description of this latter taxon ( Cogniaux 1891) specifically mentions that the petals are white adaxially and red or white variegated with red abaxially so it appears that he was impressed with this petal color variation and possibly used it as a rationale to continue to recognize what is clearly a variant unworthy of formal recognition.

Lavoisiera mucorifera appears to be most closely related to L. scaberula , a more widespread but much less commonly collected species that is also restricted to Minas Gerais. In addition to the 2- or 4-locular ovary of L. scaberula , see the discussion under the latter for additional characters that can be used to separate the two species.

Additional specimens examined:— MINAS GERAIS: Mpio. Diamantina , 10 km S of the turn-off to Cristais on the road to Biribiri, 18°11'S, 43°37'W, Almeda et al. 8464 (CAS!, MO!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina, Cachoeira Sentinela off the road to Biribiri, 18°10'S, 43°37'W, Almeda et al. 8479 (CAS!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , ca. 13 km S of the old train station in Diamantina off of the road to Milho Verde, 18°18'S, 43°33'W, Almeda et al. 8492 (CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , 4 km W of Hwy No. MG 220 along the road to Conselheiro Mata , 18°16'S, 43°42'W, Almeda et al. 8503 (CAS!, UEC!); Diamantina plateau, Km 599 on the left hand side of road from Gouveia enroute N to Diamantina , 18˚16.662’S, 43˚41.307’W, Almeda et al. 8999 (CAS!, COL!, UEC!); Mpio. Serro, Distrito of Milho Verde, about 2 km from Milho Verde on the road to Capivari, 18˚29.055’S, 43˚29.936’W, Almeda et al. 9071 (CAS!, COL!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , 13 km S of the main plaza in Diamantina on the road to São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, 18˚18.884’S, 43˚33.072’W, Almeda et al. 9095 (BHCB!, CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , about 5.5 km from the church in Extração (Curralinho) on a diamond mining road out of the town, 18˚15.325’S, 43˚29.3’W, Almeda et al. 9123 (CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , adjacent to Pousada Jardim da Serra on a ridge just east of Diamantina , 18˚14.163’S, 43˚34.865’W, Almeda et al. 9127 (BHCB!, CAS!, MICH!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina . Near large rock outcrop on right-hand side of road enroute from Diamantina to Mendanha at Km 585 and the Caminho dos Escravos, -18.21751, -43.59379, Almeda et al. 9558 (BHCB!, CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , 4 km W of Hwy MG 220 along the S side of the road to Conselheiro Mata , -18.27630, -43.71281, Almeda et al. 9607 (BHCB!, CAS!, K!, NY!, RB!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , trail on property of Pousada Real (formerly Pousada Jardim da Serra) on a ridge just E of Diamantina off of Estrada do Cruzeiro Luminoso, -18.23582, -43.58082, Almeda et al. 9655 (BHCB!, CAS!, K!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Diamantina , ca. 8 km N of Gouveia on road to Diamantina, Anderson et al. 35407 (C!, COL!, F!, MICH!, MO!, NY!); Mpio. Diamantina, Brade 13719 (F!, NY!, RB!); Mpio. Diamantina, Brade 13720 (RB!); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, Km 185, próximo à grande inselberg, Cavalcanti et al. CFCR

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MARTINS & ALMEDA

9516 (CAS!, SPF!, UEC!); Estrada Diamantina-Extração, próximo da ponte, Cordeiro et al. CFCR 9307 (CAS!, SPF!, US!); Mpio. Diamantina , Rio dos Cristais, fábrica de tecidos, Duarte 9096 (NY!, RB!, US!); Mpio. Diamantina, Duarte & G. M. Barroso 7855 (M!, NY!, RB!, US!); Diamond Distr., Gardner 4578 (BM!, K!); Gardner 4617 (BM!, F!, NY-2!); Mpio. Diamantina , ao Tombador, Glaziou 19263 (C!, K!, P!, R!); Biribiri, junto de Diamantina, Glaziou 19264 (BR!, C!, F!, G!, LE!, NY!, R!, US-2!); Mpio. Diamantina, Guinda, Hatschbach 27392 (MBM!, US!); Mpio. Diamantina, Serra do Espinhaço, Hatschbach 27445 (C!, MBM!, S!, US!); Mpio. Diamantina, Rodovia Guinda-Conselheiro Mata, Km 5, Hatschbach 44707 (CAS!, US!); Mpio. Datas, 2 km de Datas em direção a Serro, 18°28'S, 43°38'W, Hatschbach & Zelma 8513 (CAS!, ESA!, SPF!); Estrada Diamantina-Mendanha; Kms 584–585, Hatschbach & Zelma CFCR 8808 (MO!, SPF!); Mpio. Gouveia, BR 269, 30 km NO Gouveia, Hatschbach et al. 36469 (C!, MO!, NY!, RB!); Estrada Diamantina-Extração, a 7 km da Diamantina, Hensold et al. CFCR 2696 ( US!); ca. 23 km SW of Diamantina , road to Gouveia, Irwin et al. 22220 (NY!); ca. 33 km SW of Diamantina , near Gouveia, Irwin et al. 22264 (B!, LE!, NY!, S!, UB!, US!, W!); ca. 15 km NE of Diamantina , on road to Mendanha, Irwin et al. 22580 (F!, MO!, NY!, RB!, US!); 10 km S of Diamantina from road to 8 km W, King & Bishop 8552 (UB!, US!); Mpio. Diamantina, Mello Barreto 9613 (F!, NY!); Mpio. Diamantina, Bom Sucesso, Mello Barreto 9672 (F!, NY!); Mpio. Diamantina, João Vaz, Mello Barreto 9836 (BHCB ex BHMH!); Mpio. Diamantina, Extração , no vale do córrego Curralzinho, 18°16'S, 43°31'W, Mello-Silva et al. 1134 ( US!); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada para Biribiri, ca. de 10 km de Diamantina , 18°11'S, 43°37'W, Mello-Silva et al. CFCR 11103 (SPF!); Mpio. Diamantina, Palmital, Mendes Magalhães 1649 (BHCB ex BHMH!); Mpio. Diamantina, Barão ; upper slopes of Serra do Capão, Mexia 5876 (BM!, CAS!, F!, G!, MICH!, MO!, NY!, R!, S!, US!); Estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, Occhioni 5597 ( US!); Mpio. Diamantina, Pereira 1529 (M!, NY!, RB!); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada para Extração, ca. 7 km de Diamantina, Pirani et al. CFCR 5641 (CAS!, SPF!, NY!); Serra da Lapa (Serra do Cipó), Riedel s.n. (LE!); without exact locality, Riedel 1332 (W!); without exact locality, Riedel s.n. (W!); without exact locality, Riedel s.n. (F!); Mpio. Diamantina, Riedel s.n. (LE!); Mpio. Diamantina, Romariz 103 (RB!); Estrada Diamantina-Gouveia, ca. 4 km da cidade de Gouveia, Romero et al. 5392 (CAS!, HUFU); Estrada Diamantina-Gouveia, ca. 15 km da cidade de Diamantina, Romero et al. 5399 (CAS!, HUFU); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada Diamantina-Milho Verde, Roque et al. 223 (CAS!); Mpio. Gouveia, 8 km NW da cidade em direção a Diamantina, Sakuragui et al. CFCR 14005 (CAS!, ESA!, F!, SPF!, US!); inter Quartel et Sopa, Schwacke 7797 (RB!, W!); Estrada Guinda-Conselheiro Mata, Km 178, Semir et al. 17355 (UEC-2!); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata , 3 km da estrada Diamantina-Gouveia, V. C. Souza & J. P. Souza 22184 (CAS!, ESA, UEC!); Mpio. Datas, 2 km de Datas em direção a Serro; Km 462 da estrada, 18°28'S, 43°38'W, V. C. Souza et al. 8513 (CAS!, ESA!, SPF!); Estrada Diamantina-Mendanha, Kms 584–585, V. C. Souza et al. CFCR 8808 (MO!, SPF!); Mpio. Diamantina, Rodovia Curvelo-Diamantina , 5 km de Diamantina em direção a Curvelo, 18°15'S, 43°40'W, V. C. Souza et al. 20999 (CAS!, ESA, HUEFS, MBM); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada entre Diamantina e Conselheiro Mata , ca. 24 km de Diamantina, V. C. Souza et al. 23113 (CAS!, ESA); Estrada Guinda-São José da Chapada, 18°10'S, 43°50'W, Splett & Gröge r 659 (SPF!); Mpio. Diamantina , estrada de terra para São João da Chapada, 14 km de Diamantina, Zappi et al. 10564 (CAS!, US!).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Images of Lavoisiera species. A−C. L. macrocarpa (Almeda et al. 9173). D. L. mucorifera (Almeda et al. 9607). E. L. pulchella (Almeda et al. 9830). F−G. L. pulcherrima (Almeda et al. 9666). H−I. L. punctata (Almeda 9709). J. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9089). K. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9604). L. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9635). Image credits: A−L. Frank Almeda.

FIGURE 10. SEM images of seeds for representative Lavoisiera species showing lateral symmetrical plane (left) and detail of testa cells and cell wall microrelief (right). A–B. L. imbricata (Joly et al. 2257). C–F. L. mucorifera (Hatschbach 27445). Scale bars: A=380 µm, B=38 µm; C & E=176 µm; D & F=43 µm.

FIGURE 39. Distributions of Lavoisiera glandulifera, L. itambana, L. macrocarpa, and L. mucorifera.

FIGURE 49. Lavoisiera mucorifera. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Adaxial leaf surface. D. Adaxial bract with enlargement of surface detail (upper left). E. Hypanthium and calyx lobes. F. Ovary cross-section. G. Petal with enlargement of margin detail (right). H. Ventral view of antesepalous stamen. I. Ventral view of antepetalous stamen. J. Seed. (Based on: A–J, Almeda et al. 8464, CAS, UEC.)