Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Mycological Papers
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/152F87DF-5E2A-FFB9-F5AD-AED7FCF498E2 |
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treatment provided by |
Marcus |
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scientific name |
Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Mycological Papers |
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0. Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Mycological Papers View in CoL 6: 8, 969. Figure
Section— Pachybasium
Description:
Colony: 7.0– 8.5 cm growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Two types of strains were observed in the study. 1. Brown colour pigment producers and pigment non-producers. Pustules are loosely aggregated into flat, spreading pustules. Conidiation effuse, appearing powdery due to dense conidiation, rapidly turning yellowish-green to dark green. Colourless to dark brown at the reverse of the petriplate .
Conidiophores:The conidiophores are irregularly branched and narrower and bear laginiform or subulate phialides. The pigment producers are less extensively and verticillate branching.
Phialides: Phialides are ampulliform in pigment producers and laginiform to subulate in non-producers. Usually 3–4, verticillate
Conidia: Sub-globose to obovoid, smooth, 2.5–3.0 × 2.0–2.5 µm, pale green.
Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores terminal and intercalary, globose, 4.0–8.0 µm diam.
Cultures examined: ITCC 7231 (Soil, New Delhi); ITCC 7235 (Compost, New Delhi).
Diagnostic features: Frequently brown colour pigment producers and the conidiophores irregularly branched. Phialides are ampulliform in pigment producers and laginiform to subulate in non-producers and the conidia are pale green, small, round and smooth.
Ecology and habitats: Soil.
. Trichoderma koningiopsis Samuels, C. Suarez & H.C. Evans, Stud. Mycol. 6: 7, 006. Figure
Section— Trichoderma
Description:
Colony: 6.0– 7.5 cm growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Compact to cottony 1–2 mm dia. bluish green pustules are formed with conidial production restricted to the margin of the colony. The pustules are formed along the edge of the plate in circle. Reverse of the plate is colourless.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores comprising a main axis, fertile branches arising along the length of the main axis, with longer or shorter internodes; terminal part of conidiophore often sparingly branched and with long internodes between branches; branches sometimes formed pustules with short, pachybasium-like crowded phialides. Branches arising at an angle of slightly less than 90° with respect to the main axis, longer branches near the base and short branches or solitary phialides arising near the tip; all fertile branches terminating in a whorl of phialides.
FIGURE. Trichoderma koningiopsis (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E) Conidiophore branching, (F,G) Phialide disposition, (H) Spores, (I) Chlamydospores.
FIGURE. Trichoderma longibrachiatum (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E.F,G,H) Conidiophore branching, (I,J) Phialide disposition, (K) Spores, (L) Spores under SEM, (M) Chlamydospores.
Phialides: Phialides straight, sometimes hooked or sinuous, lageniform or sometimes conspicuously swollen in the middle, in whorls of 2–5, sometimes several phialides arising from the same point.
Conidia: Conidia dark green, ellipsoidal and smooth, 4.50–6.50 × 3.00–4.00 µm.
Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant, terminal and intercalary, globose to subglobose and pear shaped, 10.00–15.00 µm in diameter.
Cultures examined: ITCC 7290 (Soil, Srinagar, J&K); ITCC 7291 (Soil, Dibrugarh, Assam).
Diagnostic features: Conidiophores arising at more or less 90° angle to the main axis, longer branches at the base and short branches or solitary phialides near the tip.Phialides mostly straight, or hooked or sinuous and conidia are dark green and ellipsoidal.
Ecology and habitats: Soil.
. Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai, Mycological Papers 6:, 969. Figure
Section—Longibrachiatum
Description:
Colony: 7.0– 8.5 cm growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Limited aerial mycelium, floccose. Tufts are loose and dark green, sometimes mottled with white flecks. Reverse yellowish green and sometimes colourless.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores typically consisting of a strongly developed central axis, sparingly branched, primary branches long, secondary branches usually short and rarely re-branched from which arise, toward the tip, solitary phialides.
Phialides: Phialides arising directly, mostly solitary, occasionally in verticils of 2–3. Phialides are ampuliform to laginiform or cylindrical but, when in whorls, enlarged in the middle or squat, straight or hooked to sinuous, Intercalary phialides common and conspicuous.
Conidia: Oblong to ellipsoidal and smooth, 4.0–6.0 × 3.0–4.0 µm, green.
Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores sometimes present, terminal or intercalary, subglobose to globose 8–10 µm diam.
Cultures examined: ITCC 7261 (Soil, New Delhi); ITCC 7262 (Soil, Tirupathi AP).
Diagnostic features: Conidiophores are rarely re-branched and produce solitary phialides which are ampuliform to laginiform or cylindrical, straight or hooked and conidia nearly cylindrical.
Ecology and habitats: Soil, mushrooms and food rotting fungi, marine and soil animals and dead wood.
. Trichoderma longipile Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 69 (): 9, 99. Figure
Syn.: Hypocrea longipilosa
Section— Pachybasium
Description:
Colony: 6.0–7.0 cm growth was observed in four days. Aerial mycelium cobwebby, white to greyish. Compact, cushion shaped pustules are many and scattered. White at first slowly turning grey green or olive grey shades in age. Reverse of the plate colourless.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores sparingly branched, branches arising singly, alternately or in pairs. Secondary branches in whorls of two or three, upper part of conidiophores main axis with a very long, non-fertile, often ramified, apical part is unbrached and flexuous.
Phialides: Phialides ampulliform, subglobose and strongly swollen near the middle, arising in crowded whorls of 2–5, rarely solitary.
Conidia: Conidia are cylindrical to oblong, ends broadly or bluntly rounded, smooth and greyish green, 4.0–6.5 × 3.0–4.0 µm.
Culture examined: ITCC 7292 (Soil, Shillong, Meghalaya).
Diagnostic features: Upper part of conidiophores are very long, non-fertile, often ramified, flexuous, and unbrached. Phialides are ampulliform to subglobose and strongly swollen near the middle, arising in crowded whorls. Conidia are cylindrical.
Ecology and habitats: Soil.
FIGURE. Trichoderma longipile (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E,F,G) Non fertile elongation of conidiophores, (H) Phialide disposition, (I) Spores.
. Trichoderma minutisporum Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 69: 96, 99. Figure 6 View FIGURE 6
Section— Pachybasium
Description:
Colony: 7–8.5 cm radial growth of the submerged limited floccose mycelium was observed in four days forming white cushion shaped pustules at first turning to green granular because of conidial production on short branches for the entire length of the conidiophore. Reverse of the petriplate is orange yellow coloured.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores typically consisting of a central axis from which arise lateral branches in pairs, the lateral branches increasing in length further from the tip of the main axis. The upper part of the conidiophores is straight or slightly flexuous, fertile.
Phialides: Phialides are densely clustered in a grape-like fashion. The internodes between branches are typically short but sometimes the internode is longer, the phialides are ellipsoidal held in verticils at the tip of branches.
Conidia: Conidia green, broadly ellipsoidal with rounded ends, smooth, 3.00–6.00 × 2.50–3.50 µm.
Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores few, subglobose to ellipsoidal or pyriform terminal or intercalary 7.00–10.00 µm diam.
Culture examined:ITCC 7280 (Soil, Agartala, Tripura).
Diagnostic features: Green granular pustules with orange yellow soluble pigment. Phialides are densely clustered and globose.
Ecology and habitats: Wood, soil.
. Trichoderma pubescens Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 69: 0, 99. Figure 7 View FIGURE 7
Section— Pachybasium
Description:
Colony: 5.5–6.5 cm growth was observed in four days. Numerous compact white pustules turning to dull green then dark green, sometime arranged concentrically, sparingly around the margin. Reverse of the plate is colourless.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores consisting of a sterile elongation with phialides clustered at the base. Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules branched, thin-walled with acute tip.
Phialides: Phialides short and wide, ampulliform, globose to subglobose, crowded on short lateral branches at the base of sterile elongations of conidiophores.
Conidia: Conidia ellipsoidal, smooth, 5.00–6.00 × 3.00–4.00 µm and green.
Culture examined: ITCC 7268 (Soil, Srinagar, J&K).
Diagnostic features: Conidiophores with sterile elongation having globose phialides clustered at the base.
Ecology and habitats: Soil.
6. Trichoderma reesei E. G. Simmons, Abstr. Second International Mycological Congress Vol. M -Z. p. 6 8, 977. Figure 8 View FIGURE 8
Section — Longibrachiatum
Description:
Colony: 7–8.5 cm in four days forming white pustules at first turning to green then greyish green on age. The small pustules at first concentrating at the centre then equally distributed throughout the plate. Reverse of the petriplate is bright yellow coloured.
Conidiophores: Conidiophores comprising a well-defined main axis rarely re-branched. Phialidese arise singly toward the tip of the conidiophore; each branch terminating in one or two phialides and phialides arising singly from intercalary cells of the branch. Branches typically arising at 90° or less with respect to the branch above the point of branching. Paired branching systems rare.
Phialides:Phialides typically solitary, straight or sinuous or hooked; some phialides are cylindrical and ampulliform and sometimes flask-shaped, constricted to the tip and slightly at the base. Intercalary phialides are common.
Conidia: Conidia green, oblong to ellipsoidal, smooth, 4.50–6.00 × 3.50–4.00 µm.
Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant within 7 days, globose to subglobose, terminal or intercalary 8.00– 10.00 µm diam.
Cultures examined: ITCC 7284 (Soil, Baroda, Gujarat); ITCC 7285 (Soil, Maddur, Karnataka).
Diagnostic features: Conidiophores are rarely rebranched and produce solitary phialides. The shape of phialides are straight, sinuous, hooked or flask-shaped. Conidia are small and green.
Ecology and habitats: Soil.
FIGURE 0. Trichoderma spirale (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E,F) Spiral Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules, (G,H) phialides disposition, (I) Spores, (J) Chlamydospore.
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Royal Botanic Gardens |
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