Iris rossii Baker, Gard. Chron., 2015

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

14. Zhaoanthus M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, gen. nov. [ Iris subsect. Chinenses Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 502 (1930)]. Type:— Z. rossii (Baker) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev [≡ Iris rossii Baker, Gard. Chron. , nov. ser. 8: 809 (1877)]

Genus notabilis Asiae orientalis ab Iride s. str. praecipue differt rhizomate tenuissimo, plerumque stolonifero, ramosissimo; foliis linearibus, interdum nitidis, longitudinaliter nervosis, 1–5 nervis validis percursis; floribus longe pedicellatis, tubo perigonii breve ad faucem vix dilatato, exterioribus segmentis perigonii majoribus, erecto-patentibus, imberbibus, crista centrali undulata vel subintegra parum prominente, interioribus patentibus vel subpatentibus, minoribus, a basi unguiculato-canaliculatis; capsula subglobosa vel anguste elliptica, subcoriacea, rostrata, valde angulosa, e apice deorsum a medio valde dehiscente; seminibus globoso-compressis, rugulosis, arillo vel raphide

A NEW GENERIC ARRANGEMENT OF IRIS SENSU LATISSIMO

Phytotaxa 232 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 59

carnoso instructis, quibus in siccitate alam brevem aemulantibus. Numerus basicus chromosomatum, p = 8. Nomen genericum a Yu-Tang Zhao (1932–2010) ex animo dicatum.

Rhizomatous herbs, with persistent aerial structures. Rhizome slender, wiry, usually stoloniferous, many-branched, clothed with old leaf fibrous bases; roots fibrous, sometimes thick or with tuberose nodules. Stems aerial, simple, solid, ± rounded or compressed in cross section. Leaves isobilateral, linear, sometimes glossy, with 1–5 prominent ribs, not fetid; caulinar 1–2, well-developed, equitant. Flowers 1–2, terminal, long pedicellate. Spathe valves 2–3, green-herbaceous at anthesis, ± keeled, acuminate. Perigone in 2 rows, differing in size and shape, fused in a short tube, slightly widened at the apex; falls erect-patent, widely spatulate, slightly reflexed towards apex, gradually tapering into a short claw, with a low wavy or almost entire crest; standards patent to erect-patent, spreading, broadly oblanceolate to suborbicular, narrowed into a long canaliculate haft. Stamen filaments free, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, about half longer than falls, each one concealing a stamen; crests triangular-lanceolate, acute, straight; stigma oblong to triangular, entire. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid to subglobose, sometimes forming a 90º angle with pedicel, prominently 3-angulose, trigonous, dehiscing from apex to about middle, usually not hidden into spathes, beaked; pericarp subcoriaceous. Seeds numerous, globose-compressed, with fleshy raphe or aril that withers early as a wing; testa surface slightly wrinkled. p = 7 or 8. Figs. 2J , 4H–I , 6P , 21A .

It includes 7 species, occurring in the eastern Asia ( China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan) ( Fig. 19D ).

Needed new combinations:— Zhaoanthus henryi (Baker) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris henryi Baker, Handb. Irid. : 6 (1892). Zhaoanthus koreanus (Nakai) M.B.Crespo, Mart. - Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris koreana Nakai, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 248 (1914). Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (Makino) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris minutoaurea Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 5: 17 (1928). Zhaoanthus odaesanensis (Y.N.Lee) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee, Korean J. Bot. 17: 33 (1974). Zhaoanthus proanthus (Diels) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris proantha Diels, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 18: 427 (1924). Zhaoanthus proanthus var. validus (S.S.Chien) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris pseudorossii var. valida S.S.Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot. 6: 74 (1931) [ Iris proantha var. valida (S.S.Chien) Y.T.Zhao in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 100 (1982)]. Zhaoanthus rossii (Baker) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris rossii Baker, Gard. Chron. , nov. ser. 8: 809 (1877). Zhaoanthus speculatrix (Hance) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris speculatrix Hance, J. Bot. 13: 196 (1875).

Figures

FIGURE 2. External morphology of rootstock (bulbs, rhizomes and roots). A) Iridodictyum reticulatum, bulb with reticulate outer tunics (photo: Ken Walker); B) Xiphion heracleanum, bulb with membranous outer tunics and stem bulbil (photo: Manuel B. Crespo); C) Juno narbutii, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); D) Juno rosenbachiana, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); E) Limniris pseudacorus, rhizome with swollen annulate annual growths (photo: G.–U. Tolkiehn); F) Hermodactylus tuberosus, rhizome with pseudodigitate tubercles (photo: Attilio Marzorati); G) Junopsis barbatula, fleshy tuberous roots surrounding the inconspicuous central rhizome (photo: Ken Walker); H) Phaeiris hexagona, rhizome with fibrous remains of old leaves on scars, and fibrosus roots (photo: Ken Walker); I) Siphonostylis lazica, rhizome dichotomously branched and fibrous roots (photo: Ken Walker); J) Zhaoanthus odaesanensis, slender stoloniferous rhizomes with long, thin roots bearing nodules (photo: Christy Hensler); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, heterogeneous rhizome with cord-like branches (photo: Ken Walker); L) Cryptobasis bungei, short rizhomes with reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure (MO s.n.).

FIGURE 4. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches, sometimes with spathe bracts (cont.). A) Limniris sibirica (photo: Frank Hoehnel); B) Limniris chrysographes (photo: Ken Walker); C) Limniris sanguinea (photo: Andrej Baryshenko); D) Eremiris lactea (photo: Andrey Korzun); E) Sclerosiphon songaricum (photo: Vladimir Kolobincev); F) Joniris brevituba (photo: Georgy Lazkov); G) Phaeiris giganticaerulea (photo: Rodney Barton); H) Zhaoanthus henryi (photo: Ken Walker); I) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (photo: Dennis Kramb); J) Iridodictyum reticulatum (photo: Sean Zera); K) Iridodictyum danfordiae (photo: Peter Bohnert); L) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Yuriy Danilevsky).

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 19. Approximate distribution areas: A) Eremiris (yellow); B) Sclerosiphon (green); C) Phaeiris (red); D) Zhaoanthus (blue); E) Hermodactylus (white).

FIGURE 21. Habit and floral details. A) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (Hooker 1910: t. 8293); B) Iridodictyum bakerianum (Foster 1889: t. 7084); C) Cryptobasis loczyi (photo: Georgy Lazkov); D) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Elena Rahimova); E) Hermodactylus tuberosus (Syme 1869: t. 1496).