Zatypota sulcata Matsumoto

Matsumoto, Rikio & Takasuka, Keizo, 2010, A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa 2522, pp. 1-43 : 35-37

Zatypota sulcata Matsumoto , sp. nov.

Female. Head ( Figs 10 , 23 ). Flagellum with 16 segments; frons impunctate and polished; face and clypeus covered with rather short pubescence sparsely, the former hardly separated from the latter by shallow suture, slightly convex in lateral view; face between antennal socket and supraclypeal suture 1.0 x its minimum width between eyes; clypeus 1.8 x its length, with apical margin rounded; eye bare, its inner margin almost straight; ocelli of moderate size, the distance between eye and lateral ocellus as long the maximum diameter of the latter; mandible with upper tooth longer than the lower, rather strongly tapered, about 0.5–0.6 x as wide as the basal width at the middle; palpi formula 4: 3; malar space 1.1–1.3 x basal width of mandible, with deep groove between lower end of eye and upper end of mandible base; hypostomal carina narrowly lamellate between the lower articulation of mandible and junction of occipital and hypostomal carinae; vertex with inter-ocellar area weakly raised; outline of gena behind eye almost straight anteriorly and moderately rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; occipital carina complete throughout, in dorsal view moderately bowed forward.

Mesosoma . Pronotum ( Figs 35 , 47 ) rather wide in dorsal view due to laterally rather strongly reflexed lower part, with anterior margin reflexed, mediodorsally produced into a backwardly directed tooth, a dorsomedian ridge connects it with hind margin, lateral face polished, with rather distinct epomia; upper end of epomia rather remote from upper margin of pronotum and lower part not reaching to lower margin; mesoscutum in front of scuto-scutellar groove 1.0 x as long as wide in dorsal view, bare and polished all over, with rather deep but somewhat vague notauli; notauli almost straight and convergent to a shallow hollow located at the middle of mesoscutum; mesoscutum moderately convex in lateral view; mesopleuron ( Fig. 59 ) with a distinct, weakly sinuate epicnemial carina, its upper end surpassing the level of lower corner of pronotum and rather far from posterior margin of pronotum, almost impunctate, bare and polished laterally, densely covered with pubescence ventrally, with a short but distinct groove below speculum; mesopleural suture weakly foveolate; scutellum convex; lateral part of propodeum ( Figs 71 , 83 ) and metapleuron with rather dense pubescence, ventrally and posteriorly with some irregular wrinkles arising from submetapleural carina; areas basalis and superomedia, and areas posterialis and postero-externa fused respectively, carinae delimiting these combined areas distinct; lateral longitudinal carina indistinct; pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle touching pleural carina; submetapleural carina complete, strong, with no expansion anteriorly.

Wings. Fore wing ( Fig. 95 ) with vein Rs+M basad of cu-a by 4 x the width of the vein, 2rs-m about 0.2 x the length of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; vein cu-a moderately inclined; vein Cu1a separated from 1m-cu by 0.4 x length of Cu1b. Hind wing ( Fig. 107 ) with vein M+ Cu moderately bowed, but very weak basally; distal abscissa of Cu absent; vein cu-a rectangular or slightly inclivous to vein 1A.

Legs. Legs relatively stout; fore femur 4.0 x as long as maximum width; hind femur 4.4 x as long as maximum width: hind tibia 8.3 x as long as apical width; first tarsal segment of hind leg as long a little shorter than second and third segments combined; fifth segment a little longer than the third.

Metasoma ( Fig. 119 ). T1 weakly rugoso-striate lateraly, with pair of posterolateral oblique impressions from spiracle toward middle of posterior margin, both impressions meet at the middle a little in front of posterior margin, with shallow longitudinal groove medially between both dorsomedian longitudinal carinae, extending to 0.5–0.6 of T1 and strongly convergent in dorsal view; dorsolateral longitudinal carina usually distinct to the spiracle located at the middle of T1; T2 with rather sharply impressed and posterolateral oblique groove, defining a central evenly convex rhombic area; these grooves not furnished with short carinae in it; T3–5 similar to T2, with anterior oblique groove more transverse and obscure, making the central areas triangular; T1 0.9 x as long as apical width; T2 0.8 x as long as T1 and 0.6 x as long as apical width. Ovipositor relatively long, projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.6 x length of hind tibia, straight; upper and lower valve thickened at basal 0.4, evenly tapered to very sharp point.

Coloration. Head mostly black with following parts yellowish brown: pedicel and scape below, markings below antennal sockets, clypeus, mandible except tip, palpi; lower margin of gena brown; flagellum brown, with underside of basal 3–4 segments yellowish brown. Mesosoma black; pronotum with upper margin reddish brown, with posteroventral corner light brown, lamellate and translucent; tegula, subalar prominence and mesepimeron yellowish brown; mesoscutum with lateral and posterior part of median lobe and lateral lobe except median part yellowish brown; scutellum and postscutellum yellowish brown; Metasoma dark brown; T1–5 with apical transverse yellowish brown band; each band broadened laterally and narrowed medially. Legs yellowish brown; apical 0.3 of hind tibia indistinctively darkened; tarsal segments of hind leg brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasomal tergites dark brown to black. Ovipositor brown, sheath blackish brown.

Length. Fore wing 2.4 mm.

Male. Similar to female; flagellum with 15 segments; legs stouter, hind femur 3.8 x as long as the width.

Length. Fore wing 2.2–2.3 mm.

Cocoon ( Fig. 139 ). White to light brown, sub-cylindrical, rather densely spun, with whorls of looser silk on its surface, with a distinct caudal hole. The cap of cocoon is cut circularly by adult female on its emergence. The cocoon was spun hanged from and vertical to sheet web of the host with upper end touching the sheet.

Variation. Body colour stable among type specimens.

Host. Turinyphia yunohamensis (Böesenberg & Strand) (Lynyphiidae) .

Biological notes. Winter is passed in a stage of early instar larva located on dorsal surface near the base of host abdomen ( Fig. 138 ). Overwintered larva matures in spring and spins a cocoon in May in the field.

Comments. This species seems closely related to Zatypota kauros Gauld from Australia, Zatypota inexpectata (Seyrig) from Madagascar and to three undescribed species from West Africa in the collection of BMNH. These species can be separated from other members of the genus by the malar space that is longer than the basal width of mandible, and having a deep groove between lower end of eye and upper socket of mandible. In addition it is unique that the host of Z. sulcata is belongs to Linyphiidae in contrast that most recorded host for the genus Zatypota belong to Theridiidae . Although these species may be separated as a distinct group within the genus Zatypota or as a distinct genus, it seems better to deal them as members of genus Zatypota at the present because their phylogenetic positions are not yet certain.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the deep groove between eye and mandible base.

Distribution records. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku.

Specimens examined. Type series (All specimens were collected at the same locality and reared from T. yunohamensis ): Holotype Ψ, 26.II.2007 (larva on host, emer. 29.III.), Yata-cho (34°39’45”N, 135°44’21”E, (WGS 84), 200m a.s.l.), Yamato-Kouriyama, Nara Pref., Japan, (R. Matsumoto), [OMNH, TI-389].

Paratypes: [Honshu] 1ɗ, 19.II.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 7.III, emer. 24.III.), (R.M.); 1Ψ, 6.III.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 29.III., emer. 12.IV.), (R.M.); 1ɗ, 21.III.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 10.IV, emer. 21.IV.), (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 9.III.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 26.III., emer. 5– 8.IV.), (R.M.); 1Ψ, 24.III.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 28.III., emer. 16.IV.), (R.M.); 4ɗɗ7ΨΨ, 28.III.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 3– 10.IV., emer. 20–23.IV.), (R.M.); 4ɗɗ8ΨΨ, 7.IV.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 19–24.IV., emer. 28.IV.–3.V.), (R.M.); 3ɗɗ8ΨΨ, 9.IV.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 19–23.IV., emer. 30.IV.–3.V.), (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 12.IV.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 22.IV., emer. 30.IV.–3.V.), (R.M.); 6ɗɗ1Ψ, 30.IV.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 4– 6.V., emer. 11–16.V.), (R.M.); 4ɗɗ2ΨΨ, 9.V.2008 (cocoon, emer. 17–18.V.), (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 16.V.2008 (cocoon, emer. 22.V.), (R.M.).

Specimens examined other than types: [Shikoku] 2 larvae, 4.I.2009 (larva on host), Nibukawa, Houjo, Ehime Pref., (R.M.).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Scanning electon micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in anterior view (1 – 12) and lateral aspect (13). 1, Z. albicoxa; 2, Z. baragi (paratype); 3, Z. brachycera (paratype); 4, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 5, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 6, Z. elegans (paratype); 7, Z. grachilipes; 8, Z. maculata (paratype); 9, Z. percontatoria; 10, Z. sulcata (paratype); 11, Z. takayu (paratype); 12, Z. yambar (paratype); 13, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 25. Scanning electron micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in posterior view. 14, Z. albicoxa; 15, Z. baragi (paratype); 16, Z. brachycera (paratype); 17, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 18, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 19, Z. elegans (paratype); 20, Z. grachilipes; 21, Z. maculata (paratype); 22, Z. percontatoria; 23, Z. sulcata (paratype); 24, Z. takayu (paratype); 25, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 37. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum and anterior part of mesoscutum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal aspect. 26, Z. albicoxa; 27, Z. baragi (paratype); 28, Z. brachycera (paratype); 29, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 30, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 31, Z. elegans (paratype); 32, Z. grachilipes; 33, Z. maculata (paratype); 34, Z. percontatoria; 35, Z. sulcata (paratype); 36, Z. takayu (paratype); 37, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 49. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 38, Z. albicoxa; 39, Z. baragi (paratype); 40, Z. brachycera (paratype); 41, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 42, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 43, Z. elegans (paratype); 44, Z. grachilipes; 45, Z. maculata (paratype); 46, Z. percontatoria; 47, Z. sulcata (paratype); 48, Z. takayu (paratype); 49, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 50 – 61. Scanning electron micrography of mesopleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 50, Z. albicoxa; 51, Z. baragi (paratype); 52, Z. brachycera (paratype); 53, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 54, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 55, Z. elegans (paratype); 56, Z. grachilipes; 57, Z. maculata (paratype); 58, Z. percontatoria; 59, Z. sulcata (paratype); 60, Z. takayu (paratype); 61, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 62 – 73. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal view. 62, Z. albicoxa; 63, Z. baragi (paratype); 64, Z. brachycera (paratype); 65, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 66, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 67, Z. elegans (paratype); 68, Z. grachilipes; 69, Z. maculata (paratype); 70, Z. percontatoria; 71, Z. sulcata (paratype); 72, Z. takayu (paratype); 73, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74 – 85. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum and metapleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 74, Z. albicoxa; 75, Z. baragi (paratype); 76, Z. brachycera (paratype); 77, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 78, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 79, Z. elegans (paratype); 80, Z. grachilipes; 81, Z. maculata (paratype); 82, Z. percontatoria; 83, Z. sulcata (paratype); 84, Z. takayu (paratype); 85, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 86 – 97. Fore wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 86, Z. albicoxa; 87, Z. baragi (paratype); 88, Z. brachycera (paratype); 89, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 90, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 91, Z. elegans (paratype); 92, Z. grachilipes; 93, Z. maculata (paratype); 94, Z. percontatoria; 95, Z. sulcata (paratype); 96, Z. takayu (paratype); 97, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 98 – 109. Hind wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 98, Z. albicoxa; 99, Z. baragi (paratype); 100, Z. brachycera (paratype); 101, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 102, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 103, Z. elegans (paratype); 104, Z. grachilipes; 105, Z. maculata (paratype); 106, Z. percontatoria; 107, Z. sulcata (paratype); 108, Z. takayu (paratype); 109, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 110 – 121. Scanning electron micrography of first and second metasomal tergite of Zatypota spp (female). 110, Z. albicoxa; 111, Z. baragi (paratype); 112, Z. brachycera (paratype); 113, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 114, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 115, Z. elegans (paratype); 116, Z. grachilipes; 117, Z. maculata (paratype); 118, Z. percontatoria; 119, Z. sulcata (paratype); 120, Z. takayu (paratype); 121, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 141. Host spider, larva and cocoon of Zatypota spp. 122 – 123, Z. albicoxa; 124 – 125, Z. baragi; 126 – 127, Z. brachycera; 128 – 129, Z. chryssophaga; 130 – 131, Z. dendrobia; 132 – 133, Z. elegans; 134 – 135, Z. maculata; 136 – 137, Z. percontatoria; 138 – 139, Z. sulcata; 140 – 141, Z. takayu.