Zagrammosoma americanum Girault

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2021, Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species, Zootaxa 4916 (1), pp. 1-108 : 29-31

Zagrammosoma americanum Girault

( Fig. 4 )

Zagrammosoma americana Girault, 1916a: 126 . Holotype ♀ [examined]. Locality : USA, Colorado, Boulder. Depository: USNM type no. 19642.

Zagrammosoma americanum ; justified emendation by Peck, 1951: 459.

Diagnosis. The most distinguishing character for this species is the transverse, dark stripe across the anterior margin of the mesoscutum that extends from both ends towards, but not reaching the notaulus ( Fig. 4D, E ). This character is also found in Z. galapagoense , however, the wing patterns are different between the species ( Figs 4C versus 18C). Zagrammosoma occidentale has similar color patterns on the body but the mesoscutum lacks the transverse stripe along the anterior margin ( Fig. 36D, E ).

Description. Female - body length 1.11–1.98 mm. Metallic luster on body absent. Scape yellow with black stripe dorsally. Lower face with median stripe absent or present. Vertex with 2 stripes above compound eye. Gena posteriorly with one or two dark stripes below compound eye. Occiput yellow with 2 dark, vertical stripes. Pronotum and mesoscutum with median stripe, either interrupted or complete; laterally with 2 black stripes. Prepectus yellow with dorsal margin dark. Mesoscutellum yellow with three dark stripes. Propodeum yellow with black median carina, anterior margin, and lateral spot. Procoxa and mesocoxa yellow. Metacoxa yellow, sometimes with dark spot basally. Profemur and mesofemur yellow. Metafemur with interrupted or uninterrupted stripe dorsally. Fore wing: basal band absent; cubital band present; parastigmal and stigmal bands present, with perpendicular extension greater than length of stigmal vein; postmarginal band present, with perpendicular extension extending across 75% or more of fore wing width; apical margin hyaline; connection from stigmal band to postmarginal band absent or present. Hind wing hyaline. Gaster completely yellow or yellow with a dark median band and transverse stripes or bands.

Upper ocular sulcus present. Pedicel longer than wide. Funiculars symmetrical: first longer than wide (w:l = 0.58–0.86); second longer than wide to wider than long (w:l = 0.7–1.24).

Pronotum, in dorsal view, bell-shaped, wider than long (w:l = 1.5–1.93); 3–4 pairs of setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum reticulate; scattered setae and intermediate setae present. Mesoscutellum wider than long (w:l = 1.13–1.33); submedian grooves present, sometimes faint. Hind tibial spur distinctly shorter than basitarsus. Hind basitarsus longer than second tarsomere or subequal (bst:2 nd = 1.0–1.14).

Fore wing l:w = 2.25–2.45. Submarginal vein with 5–6 setae dorsally. Basal fold setose. Cubital fold setose. Admarginal setae present. Uncus originating on stigma by more than own length from stigmal apex.

Male - as female, except: body length 0.78–1.22 mm; mesoscutum with intermediate setae present or absent; cubital band absent or present; parastigmal band present, with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex; postmarginal band present, with perpendicular extension greater than that of stigmal apex, but not across 75% or more of fore wing width.

Remarks. This is a commonly collected species from the western part of North America ( Fig. 5 ). The infuscation of the cubital line of setae is faint and may be difficult to observe. The width of the postmarginal band is occasionally thinner than the band shown in Fig. 4C but is always present. Gordh (1978) mentions Z. americanum being reared from Asphondylia (Diptera) galls, however the only specimens examined that were reared from this host are Z. occidentale .

Hosts. Reared from lepidopteran leaf miners and leaf rollers. Several specimens were reared from hemipteran hosts according to their labels, but these records require substantiation. See Table 3. Hemiptera : Aphididae , Psyllidae . Lepidoptera : Coleophoridae , Elachistidae , Gelechiidae , Gracillariidae , Lyonetiidae .

Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (AB, SK), Mexico (CO, GR, EM, OA), USA (CA, CO, ID, NM, DV, TX, UT, WA) ( Fig. 5 ).

Additional material examined. CANADA: Alberta: Banff, 51°10’41”N, 115°34’4”W, 13.viii.1949, J. H. McLeod, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♀, CNC: CNC508856]. Saskatchewan: Big River, 488m, 53°49’48”N, 107°02’0”W, 26.iii.1968, 67-82, host: Phyllonorycter sp. [1♀, CNC: CNC508559]. MEXICO: Coahuila: Parras, 1514m, 25°26’50”N, 102°10’15”W, 28.viii.1985, D. Gonzales [2♁ 6♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499025–32]. Estado de Mexico: Coatepec-Harinas, 2267m, 18°55’28”N, 99°46’5”W, 10.x.1997, M. Hoddle, avocado, beat [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT491739]. Guerrero: Taxco, 18°33’17”N, 99°36’21”W, host: Leucoptera coffeella [1♁ 3♀, USNM: UCRCENT471602–471605]. Oaxaca: 1.1 mi. W. El Tule, 1645m, 17°02’58”N, 96°36’12”W, 17.vii.1987, J. B. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich, 87/048 [1♁, TAMU: UCRCENT473167 (D5909)]. 5.0 Km NW Jct. 135/195, 1783m, 17°19’8”N, 96°55’39”W, 20.vii.1987, J. Heraty, Oak-Acacia woodland [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499035]. USA: Arizona: Cochise Co., 4 mi. NW SWRS, 31°54’31”N, 109°15’4”W, 13.xi.1960, M.A. Cazier [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471606]. 4 mi. NW SWRS, 31°54’31”N, 109°15’4”W, 8.xii.1960, M.A. Cazier, host: coleophorid leaf miner, host plant: Ceanothus integerrimus [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471607]. California: Contra Costa Co., Lafayette, 94m, 37°53’5”N, 122°07’0”W, 11.ix.1964, A.P. Gutierrez, host: Cacopsylla pyricola [1♀, EMEC: EMEC84299]. Redwood Reg. Park, 185m, 37°48’39”N, 122°08’42”W, 15.ii.1981, J. B. Whitfield [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491732]. Inyo Co., China Lake Naval WC, Coso Mtns., Silver Peak Springs Westside, 1998m, 36°08’54”N, 117°43’6”W, 27.vii.1999, M. Gates [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT061994]. Olancha, 36°16’57”N, 118°00’21”W, 16.ix.1995, J. Heraty [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491738]. Los Angeles Co., Elizabeth Canyon Rd., 10006m, 34°39’47”N, 118°23’14”W, 7.vii.1939, E. I. Schlinger [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312339]. Lancaster, 720m, 34°41’26”N, 118°08’40”W, 26.v.1961, D. Ferrell [1♀, FSCA: UCRCENT424531]. Pasadena, Eaton Canyon, 325m, 34°11’11”N, 118°06’2”W, 20.vi.2014, J. Heraty et al., swp [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312207]. San Dimas Cyn. Rd., 2 mi. N. Foothill Blvd., 34°08’51”N, 117°46’33”W, 18.xii.1977, D. Bramlet [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491720, 491731]. Wrightwood, 34°21’33”N, 117°38’9”W, 28.vi.1938, C. Dammers, host: Coelopoeta glutinosi [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471527]. Mariposa Co., Merced Lake, Yosemite N.P., 2206m, 37°44’22”N, 119°24’26”W, 1935, Salman & Hensill, Hopk. U.S. 21259Y, host plant: Pinus jeffreyi [2♀, USNM: UCRCENT471520, 471521]. Porcupine Flat, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2469m, 37°48’29”N, 119°33’59”W, 1935, Salman & Hensill, Hopk. U.S. 21258Y, host plant: Pinus contorta [2♀ 1?, USNM: UCRCENT471513–471515]. Tenaya Lake, 2497m, 37°50’0”N, 119°27’54”W, 10.vii.1953, J. H. McLeod, host: Recurvaria milleri , host plant: Pinus contorta [1♀, CNC: CNC508865]. Yosemite National Park, 2514m, 37°48’48”N, 119°31’49”W, vi–viii.1937, J. S. Yuill, Hopk. U.S. 32255R, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♁, USNM: UCRCENT471523]. Mono Co., Mammoth Lakes Dist., Inyo Natl. For., 37°38’46”N, 118°58’16”W, 22.vii.1958, R.C. Hall, Hopk. No. 37531, host plant: Pinus jeffreyi [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471655]. Sentinel Meadow, Inyo Natl. Fst., 2731m, 37°48’20”N, 118°49’5”W, 12.viii.1958, A. Telford, host plant: Pinus contorta var. murrayana [1♁, EMEC: EMEC84309]. Sentinel Meadow, Inyo Natl. Fst., 2731m, 37°48’20”N, 118°49’5”W, 13.viii.1969, A. Telford & S. MacDonald, host plant: Populus tremuloides [1♀, EMEC: EMEC84274]. Sentinel Meadow, Inyo Natl. Fst., 2731m, 37°48’20”N, 118°49’5”W, vii.1958, A. Telford, host plant: Pinus contorta var. murrayana [2♁ 2♀, EMEC: EMEC84307, 84310, 84311, 84313]. Sentinel Meadow, Inyo Natl. Fst., 37°48’20”N, 118°49’5”W, 3.ix.1958, A. Telford, host plant: Populus tremuloides [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471525]. Monterey Co., King City along Salinas River, 86m, 36°11’53”N, 121°08’16”W, 10.vi.1985, J. D. Pinto [1♀, CNC: CNC508843]. Napa Co., Lake Hennessey, 6km E. St. Helena, 44m, 38°30’17”N, 122°23’24”W, 7.vii.1990, S. L. Heydon [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477948]. Nevada Co., Sagehen Crk, 1990m, 39°25’28”N, 120°14’34”W, 8.vi.1970, E. E. Grissell [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477949], 20.vii.1970, E. E. Grissell [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477952], 22.vii.1970, E. E. Grissell [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477953]. Riverside Co., BC Grove, UCR, 320m, 33°58’21”N, 117°19’12”W, 4.x.2012, E. Gordon, Citrus grove, EG12-04 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491730]. Botanical Gardens, UCR, 394m, 33°58’5”N, 117°19’12”W, 16.vi-15.vii.2016, R. K. Perry, Malaise Trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485250]. Garner Valley T6S R3E S15, 1349m, 33°39’12”N, 116°39’40”W, 1.v.1987, J. A. Calderwood [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312322]. Hwy. 71 Temecula River Bridge, 304m, 33°28’28”N, 117°08’25”W, 1.xi.1961, R. van den Bosch, #61-11- 2g, host: Chaitophorus salicicola , host plant: Salix sp. [2♀, EMEC: EMEC84305, 84306]. Lake Skinner, NE end, 487m, 33°36’7”N, 117°02’5”W, 21.v–4.vi.1996, J. D. Pinto, coastal sage scrub, malaise trap, MET B11 BURNED [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491733]. Whitewater Canyon Rd., 546m, 33°57’30”N, 116°38’50”W, 18.vi.2013, R. K. Perry, sweep, RP13-008 [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312378 (D4116), 312379 (D4117)]. San Bernardino Co., 1.0 mi. N. Jct. 2N93 and 38, 2378m, 34°10’55”N, 116°45’2”W, 24.vi.1997, J. Heraty, H97-20 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491734]. 1/ 2 mi. NW Faunskin, 34°16’31”N, 116°57’13”W, 16.v.1997,M.Gates,host:upper blotch mine, host plant: Ceanothus integerrimus [3♁ 2♀,UCRC:UCRCENT499033, 499034, 499036–499038]. 2N93 at Green Spring Creek, 2266m, 34°13’7”N, 116°48’18”W, 9.vi.2005, J. D. Pinto [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT120406, 120550]. I15 5.6 mi. SW Baker, Zzyzx Rd. exit, 35°11’39”N, 116°08’28”W, 30.iii.1989, J. D. Pinto, Larrea , Bebbia , & Ambrosia , sweep [1♀, CNC: CNC508860]. Running Springs, Snow Valley (San Bernardino Mts.), 2050m, 34°13’23”N, 117°02’34”W, 20.vi.1977, R. Luck, host: Coleotechnites spp., host plant: Pinus jeffreyi [6♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499267, 499268, 499270, 499272, 499274, 499275]. S. of Barton Flats, 2090m, 34°09’42”N, 116°52’23”W, 27.vi–6.viii.2007, F. Reuter, MT [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT217426]. Cajon Pass, 5 mi. E. Hwy 15 on route 138,1200m, 34°19’38”N, 117°24’59”W, 27.x.1998, A. Aw-Wahaibi, host: leaf miner, host plant: Prunus ilicifolia [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491735]. Van Dusen Cyn. Rd. 0.5 mi. N. Big Bear City, 2104m, 34°16’28”N, 116°51’16”W, 23.vi.1989, R. K. Velten [1♁, CNC: CNC508867]. San Diego Co., Cuyamaca Ranch State Park, 1394m, 32°55’45”N, 116°34’5”W, 28.v.2006, M. S. Hoddle [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491737]. Pauma, Rutz grove, 305m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 7.viii.2008, R. Luck, #58-1, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Valencia [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT275094 (D5937)]. Pauma, Rutz grove, 374m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 10.viii.2009, R. Luck, # 95, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT275030 (D5938)]. San Elijo Lagoon, 0.25 mi. from El Camino Real entrance, 7m, 34°00’42”N, 117°16’22”W, 7.viii.1996, M. Gates, host: upper surface leaf mine, host plant: Salix lasiolepis [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471526]. San Luis Obispo Co., Cal Poly SLO, 85m, 35°17’54”N, 120°40’2”W, 23.vi.2013, R. K. Perry, citrus grove, swp [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485249]. Tulare Co., Sequoia National Park, 36°31’21”N, 118°46’13”W, 20.vii.1917, J. M. Miller, Hopk. U.S. 13986b, host plant: Pinus jeffreyi [6♁ 3♀ 2?, USNM: UCRCENT471502–471512]. Sequoia National Park, 862m, 36°31’21”N, 118°46’13”W, 21.viii.1953, B.E. Wickman, host: Recurvaria milleri , host plant: Pinus contorta [2♁, CNC: CNC508857, 508858]. Tuolumne Co., Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2617m, 37°52’34”N, 119°22’16”W, 1.vii.1959, A. D. Telford, host plant: Pinus contorta var. murrayana [2♀, EMEC: EMEC84308, 84312]. Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2617m, 37°52’34”N, 119°22’16”W, 1.vii.1959, A. D. Telford & S. MacDonald, host: Recurvaria sp., host plant: Pinus contorta var. murrayana [1♀, EMEC: EMEC84304]. Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2617m, 37°52’34”N, 119°22’16”W, 21.viii.1959, A. D. Telford & S. MacDonald, host: Recurvaria milleri , host plant: Pinus contorta var. murrayana [1♀, EMEC: EMEC84314]. Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2617m, 37°52’34”N, 119°22’16”W, vii–ix.1955, G. R. Struble, Hopk. U.S. 34029K, host plant: Pinus contorta [2♁ 3♀, USNM: UCRCENT471477, 471516–471519]. Ventura Co., Ventura, Limoneira ranch Blk. 14, 88m, 34°20’0”N, 119°08’0”W, 30.x.2008, R. Luck, #53, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: citrus [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292438]. Idaho: Idaho Co., Lucile, 499m, 45°32’7”N, 116°18’47”W, 13.vi.1951, H.C. Manis, host: leaf roller, host plant: Sumac [1?, USNM: UCRCENT471608]. Twin Falls Co., E. Cassia Division, Minidoka N.F. (Now Sawtooth N.F.), 2064m, 42°11’29”N, 114°17’2”W, 15.viii.1949, J. H. McLeod, host: Recurvaria milleri , host plant: Pinus contorta [1♁, CNC: CNC508855], 16.viii.1950, 618, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♀, CNC: CNC508851], 18.vii.1950, J. H. McLeod, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♁, CNC: CNC508853], 21.vii.1950, J. H. McLeod, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♀, CNC: CNC508854], 26.viii.1950, 618, host: Recurvaria milleri [1♀, CNC: CNC508852], 9.vii.1950, L. Worn, 51-2983, host: Recurvaria milleri , host plant: Lodgepole Pine [1♁, USNM: UCRCENT471524]. Nevada: Washoe Co., 6 km E. Washoe City, 2400m, 39°20’0”N, 119°52’10”W, 29.vi.2001, S. L. Heydon [2♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477950, 477951]. New Mexico: Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns, High Rolls, 2123m, 32°57’0”N, 105°49’0”W, 1–10.v.2004, M. E. Irwin, dry wash, malaise trap [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT357528 (D3670), 357529 (D3671)]. Sandoval Co., Bandelier Natl. Monument, 2010m, 35°47’3”N, 106°16’46”W, viii.1980, W. Pippin, host: Phyllonorycter sp., host plant: Aspen [2♁ 12♀ 1?, USNM: UCRCENT471530, 471531, 471585–471597]. Texas: Cameron Co., Brownsville, 9m, 25°54’6”N, 97°29’51”W, 9.iii.1937 [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471522]. Val Verde Co., Seminole Cyn. St. Pk., 426m, 29°41’12”N, 101°19’3”W, 15.iv.1989 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT491736]. Utah: San Juan Co., Abajo Mts., 4.2 mi. SE Indian Creek, 2621m, 37°53’41”N, 109°28’11”W, 27.vi.1993, J. D. Pinto, sweep [1♀, CNC: CNC508866]. Wayne Co., 6 mi. W. Caineville along Freemont River, 38°16’29”N, 111°04’49”W, 29.vi.1993, J. D. Pinto, swp [1♁ 1♀, CNC: CNC508677, 508678 (D5906)]. Washington: Chelan Co., Wenatchee, 47°25’27”N, 120°18’50”W, vi.1985, B. Barrett, host: Phyllonorycter elmaella [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471529]. Stevens Co., Chewelah, 48°16’37”N, 117°42’59”W, 8.vi.1970, R. C. Lood, host: Coleophora laricella [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471528].

Figures

FIGURE 4. Zagrammosoma americanum, ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus-medial darkening on hind wing artifact from point mount, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5m (B–E).

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Zagrammosoma americanum.

FIGURE 36. Zagrammosoma occidentale n. sp., ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–E).