Troglocaris (Troglocaris) anophthalmus sontica, Jugovic, Jure, Jalžić, Branko, Prevorčnik, Simona & Sket, Boris, 2012

Jugovic, Jure, Jalžić, Branko, Prevorčnik, Simona & Sket, Boris, 2012, Cave shrimps Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853), taxonomic revision and description of new taxa after phylogenetic and morphometric studies, Zootaxa 3421, pp. 1-31 : 12-13

Troglocaris (Troglocaris) anophthalmus sontica ssp. nov.

Synonymy: Troglocaris (Troglocaris) – the Soča phylogroup Zakšek et al., 2009

Type locality: Slovenia, Vipava, cave Vipavska jama.

Type sample: Males: adult male (TA985, holotype), CL 7.4 mm, Vipavska jama, Vipava, Slovenia, 45°50'40.91" N, 13°57'52.55" E, 6th September 2009, collected by J. Jugovic and M. Kolesnikova, specimen preserved in 70 % ethanol. Other males from the type sample: adult male (TA983), CL 6.1 mm; adult male (TA984), CL 6.3 mm; adult male (TA986), CL 6.6 mm; adult male (TA987), CL 6.2 mm; adult male (TA988), CL 5.6 mm; same data as neotype. Females: 5 adult females, TA990 (CL 7.1 mm); TA991 (CL 6.1 mm); TA992 (CL 6.4 mm); TA993 (CL 6.1 mm); TA994 (CL 6.2 mm); same data as neotype.

Other specimens examined: 9 specimens collected from one other known locality of T. (T.) anophthalmus sontica ( Figure 1 , Appendix C5). Males, CL 5.0– 6.8 mm. Females, CL 5.9–7.0 mm. Molecular analysis only: 6 specimens from two additional localities ( Figure 1 , Appendix C5). Voucher numbers and GenBank identification numbers for COI gene are in Appendix C5.

Diagnosis: Subspecies of T. (T.) anophthalmus with completely reduced eye and body pigmentation. Rostrum length variable, rostrum always straight and narrow, with 7 or less ventral teeth. Antenna I article 3 length less than ½ of article 2 length. Antenna II scaphocerite’s distal point weak, usually its length less than 28 % of scaphocerite width. Pereopod III article 4 usually with four spiniform setae along inferior margin and at inferodistal angle, article 6 not or only weakly curved in adult males. Pereopod V exopodite absent. Uropod exopodite width usually less than 32 % of its length. Fully mature males without retinacular hooks on pleopod I endopodite appendix interna. Pleopod I endopodite inner margin with short spiniform setae. Medial margin of pleopod I endopodite with short spiniform setae.

Differential description of material examined: Males (average values ± SD and [min, max values] presented, Figure 5 ; see also Appendix B1): Small specimens, CL: 5.8 ± 0.5 mm [5.0, 6.8 mm]. Rostrum length and dentition variable, when rostrum longer than 45 % of CL, narrow and never curved upwards. Article 3 of antenna I short (a13a12), its length 39 ± 4 % [33, 46 %] of article 2 length. Antenna II scaphocerite narrow (a2s2s1), its width 34 ± 2 % [31, 38 %] of scaphocerite length; distal point of scaphocerite weak and short (a2s3s1), its length 7 ± 1 % [5, 10 %] of scaphocerite length. Pereopod I article 7 long (pr1da), its length 21 ± 2 % [19, 24 %] of pereopod I length; and pereopod III article 7 short (pr3da), its length only 9 ± 1 % [7, 12 %] of pereopod III length. Pereopod I article 6 long (pr1che), its length 26 ± 2 % [22, 29 %] of CL. Pereopod III article 3 long (pr3ia), its length 9 ± 1 % [8, 11 %] of pereopod III length. The comb on pereopod V article 7 with small number of setae (P5D): 36.8 ± 4.3 [32, 47]. Pereopod V article 7 short (p5dp), its length only 21 ± 2 % [17, 24 %] of pereopod V article 6 length. Uropod exopodite narrow (u21, u2cl), its width only 29 ± 2 % [27, 32 %] of uropod exopodite length, and 16 ± 1 % [14, 18 %] of CL. Telson long (te1s6), its length 97 ± 5 % [89, 103 %] of pleonite VI length. Adult males generally without a single retinacular hook on appendix interna of pleopod I endopodite. Number of setae on pleopod I endopodite inner margin small (PP1 ENS): 18.9 ± 2.8 [15, 24]. Females (average values ± SD and [min, max values], Figure 5 ; see also Appendix B2): Small specimens, CL: 6.5 ± 0.4 mm [5.9, 7.0 mm]. Rostrum length and dentition variable, when longer than 45 % of CL, narrow and never curved upwards. Article 3 of antenna I short (a13a12), its length only 38 ± 7 % [31, 50 %] of article 2 length. Antenna II scaphocerite narrow (a2s2s1, a2s2cl), its width 36 ± 2 % [30, 38 %] of scaphocerite length, and 17 ± 1 % [16, 19 %] of CL; distal point of scaphocerite weak and short (a2s3s1), its length only 8 ± 1 % [6, 9 %] of scaphocerite length. Distal articles of chelate pereopods long; length of article 7 of pereopod I (pr1da) 21 ± 1 % [20, 22 %] of pereopod I length, and length of article 7 of pereopod II (pr2da) 18 ± 1 % [17, 19 %] of pereopod II length. Pereopod II chelae long (pr2che), their length 24 ± 1 % [23, 26 %] of CL. Proximal articles of chelate pereopods long, length of pereopod I article 4 (pr1ma) 23 ± 1 % [22, 25 %] of pereopod I length, and length of pereopod II article 5 (pr2ccl) 26 ± 2 % [23, 28 %] of CL. Pereopod V article 7 short (p5dp), its length only 19 ± 2 % [16, 22 %] of pereopod V article 6. The comb on pereopod V article 7 with small number of setae (P5D): 35.9 ± 3.0 [31, 40]. Pleonites V–VI long in relation to CL (s56cl), its length 78 ± 3 % [71, 80 %], and short in relation to uropod exopodite length (u1s56), its length 64 ± 3 % [61, 71 %] of uropod exopodite length. Uropod exopodite narrow (u21, u2cl), its width only 31 ± 1 % [29, 33 %] of uropod exopodite length, and only 16 ± 1 % [14, 16 %] of CL. Pleopod II appendix interna short (pl2aicl), its length 10 ± 1 % [9, 12 %] of CL. Telson of medium length (te1cl, te1s56), its length 50 ± 3 % [47, 55 %] of CL, and 64 ± 3 % [62, 71 %] of pleonites V+VI length. Telson weakly narrowed distally (tes2tes1), its distal width 79 ± 7 % [69, 89 %] of proximal width. Males and females (see also Table 1): pereopod III article 3 with 4–5 spiniform setae along its inferior margin and at inferodistal angle in over 70 % of specimens, otherwise with 3 spiniform setae.

Etymology: Sontica is an adjective from Sontius (or Aesontius) which was the Roman name for the river Soča/Isonzo.

Distribution: despite the thorough examination of the area (Jugovic and Zakšek, 2008; Prevorčnik, Fišer, Zagmajster, Trontelj, 2009) the subspecies is known only from four localities ( Figure 1 , Appendix C5) in the Soča–Vipava rivers system, NW from T. (T.) planinensis . Both taxa seem to be sympatric in the Italian Carso/Kras.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of eight taxa of the subgenus Troglocaris s. str., with phylogroup / subgroup designation (in brackets, as in Zakšek et al. 2009). Different symbols denote taxa, their coloration denotes method of the analysis: black – molecular and morphometric analysis; grey – morphometric analysis; white – molecular analysis.

FIGURE 5 a. The arithmetic mean and 99 % confidence interval (where N> 10) of the most discriminating morphological characters (MC) for six phylogroups of Troglocaris s. str. For explanation of MCs’ symbols, see taxonomic descriptions in the text. Note that T. (T.) a. – E-Slo contains T. (T.) a. anophthalmus (T. a. a.), T. (T.) a. intermedia (T. a. i.) and T. (T.) a. ocellata (T. a. o.); T. a. p. – T. (T.) a. periadriatica; T. a. s. – T. (T.) a. sontica, T. a. l. – T. (T.) a. legovici.