Traumatomutilla vidua ( Klug, 1821 )

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Zootaxa 5108 (1), pp. 1-97 : 87-93

Traumatomutilla vidua ( Klug, 1821)

( Figs 32A–L , 33A–G )

Mutilla vidua Klug, 1821: 313 , holotype, ♂, Brazil, Para [sic] (ZMB), examined.

Mutilla graphica Gerstaecker, 1874: 74 , lectotype [designated here], ♀, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (ZMB), examined, syn. nov.

Mutilla scripta Gerstaecker, 1874: 74 , lectotype [designated here], ♀, Brazil, [Rio Grande do Sul], Allegrette [Alegrete] (ZMB), examined, syn. nov.

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) vidua: André, 1902: 56 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) graphica: André, 1902: 55 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) scripta: André, 1902: 55 .

Traumatomutilla vidua: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla graphica: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla scripta: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla cachimba Casal, 1969: 285 , holotype, ♀, Brazil, Pará , Cachimbo (AMNH), examined, syn. nov.

Traumatomutilla scripta borrosa Casal, 1969: 290 , holotype, ♀, Argentina, Tucumán, San Pedro de Colalao (AMNH), exam- ined, syn. nov.

Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mesonotum wider than distance between pronotal spiracles; scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae conspicuous, well-defined, clearly visible amongst dense setation; head setae always black; MALE. Cuspis slender, elongate, mesopleuron tuberculate on dorsal half; meso and metatibial spurs yellowish-white; scutellum with well-defined dorsal and posterior faces; axillar projections short, broadly and transversely trunctate; posterior tooth of penis valve longer than anterior tooth.

Description. FEMALE. Body length 15–18 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view virtually equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Sculpture partially concealed by dense setae, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate where visible, with subscabrous intervals at front; sculpture sparser on gena and malar space, with sparse interspersed micropunctures; with well-defined medial longitudinal carina dorsally on front. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, connected to lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.1 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.3 × pedicel length. Mesosoma . Mesosoma slightly broader than long. Mesosomal dorsum sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate where visible with subscabrous intervals; medial longitudinal carina present on mesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum, interrupted near scutellar area. Anterior face of pronotum defined, virtually as long as pronotal collar; with indistinct, indistinct and coarse longitudinal striations basad and dense coarse, and confused punctures dorsad; dorsal face angulately rounded into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina well-defined, separated from epaulet; epaulet virtually flat against anterior margin of pronotum; anterolateral corners of pronotum subangulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; with small blunt tubercle anteroventrally in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and densely coarsely foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron sculpture concealed by dense setation on ventral half, completely asetose, smooth on dorsal half. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate anteriad, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate posterad; intervals smoother and wider anteriad. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 61:76:77:56:55. Lateral margin of mesonotum constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, diverging anteriad, expanded. Propodeal spiracle projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, transverse, arched, reaching propodeal spiracles connected laterally with anterolateral carinae; anterolateral carinae well-defined, wider than scutellar scale, reaching propodeal spiracles laterally; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Propodeum convex, dorsal face virtually as long as and rounded into posterior face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 39:95:91. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolations slightly sparser and micropunctures almost absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely and coarsely punctate. S1 surface cuneiform, densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate around sharp longitudinal medial carina slightly projected posteriorly. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, more sparsely so posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold well-defined. S3–4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; S5–6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface with transverse coarse and irregular rugosities; interstice granulose.

MALE. Body length 14–20 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.75 × as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.8 × DLO, IOD slightly longer than DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and finely punctate with interspersed micropunctures; sculpture conspicuously sparser around ocelli. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with welldefined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and confusedly punctate; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial subrounded free teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.2 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 3.0 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma . Epaulets well-defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subangulate. Anterior face of pronotum coarsely and densely punctate laterally, micropunctate sublaterally and virtually unsculptured medially; slightly longitudinally concave medially. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum subglobose, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; with conspicuous dorsal and posterior faces; posterior face almost vertical; dorsal face with medial longitudinal “carina-like” area indistinctly extending into posterior face. Axilla in dorsal view produced posterolaterally as short truncate projection, with conspicuous flat coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, densely areolate; sculpture of lateral face less defined to indistinct along anterior margin; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely and indistinctly punctate-rugose with dense interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt spine-like projection on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; simply micropunctate anteriad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations on ventral fifth and indistinct rugosities in dorsal fifth. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.45 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.85 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. Pygidial plate irregularly, and indistinctly rugose laterally, granulose elsewhere, broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in large blunt spine-like projection. S2 finely and sparsely foveolate-punctate to punctate, with micropunctures laterally and postero-medially; with conspicuous subovate antero-medial setae filled pit; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–6 sparsely and coarsely foveolatepunctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 sparsely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projections bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 85:68:21; paramere virtually straight and slightly curved outward apically in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with sparse setae ventrally at basal half; cuspis slender, elongate, equally wide throughout in dorsal view and lateral view; with scattered long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, subtriangulate in lateral view, virtually as long as wide with subtriangulate and densely setose posterodorsal margin in lateral view; setae shorter than paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, knob-like in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth subrounded, blunt, with externolateral pocket; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along subtruncate, shelf-like posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface.

Coloration and variations. FEMALES. Integument black to brownish-black, except for mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown and T2 with four narrowly sublinear to broadly subrectangular integumental spots varying from yellowish to reddish. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: malar space (also black occasionally); ventral third of lateral pronotal face; ventral half of meso and metapleuron; mesosomal dorsum usually with a pair of lateral stripes on mesonotum and propodeum broadly interrupted on scutellar area, or a pair of longitudinal uninterrupted stripes extending from posterior margin of propodeum to halfway into pronotal dorsum, rarely with stripes restricted only to propodeal dorsum; legs predominantly (completely black occasionally); T1 laterally; T2 (except disc); fringe of T2–4 medially and laterally; fringe of T5 medially; T6 (except pygidial plate) medially; and S1–4 (except fringe of S4 occasionally). MALE. Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: apical/ventral margin of clypeus, metanotum medially, dorsum of propodeum, ventral surface of femora, inner surface of tibiae, T1, T2 anterolaterally, lateral margins of T2 posteriorly, fringe of T2–4 laterally, S1, and S2–4 indistinctly. Tibial spurs yellowish-white. Wings dark-brown infuscated throughout with faint blueish/purplish reflections.

Distribution. Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

Material examined. (482♀, 101♂) Type material. Holotype of Mutilla vidua , ♂, BRAZIL, Para [sic] ( ZMB) ; lectotype of M. graphica , ♀, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro ( ZMB) ; lectotype of M. scripta , ♀, BRAZIL, [Rio Grande do Sul], Allegrette [Alegrete] ( ZMB) ; holotype of T. cachimba , ♀, BRAZIL, Pará, Cachimbo ( AMNH) ; holotype of T. scripta borrosa , ♀, ARGENTINA, Tucumán, San Pedro de Colalao ( AMNH) . Additional material. COLOMBIA: Antiochia, Medellín , 1♀, Gerard ( ZMB) ; Amazonas, Monkey Island near Leticia , 1♂, 21.IX.1979, M.A. Tidwell ( DGMC) ; BRAZIL: 1♀ ( ZMUC) ; South Brazil, 1♀, X.1999, K.G. Ross ( EMUS) ; 1♀, n.o. proc. 10/49 [sic], 1♀, X.1949 ( MNRJ) ; Rio Machados , 1♂ ( DEI) ; 1♂ ( RMNH) ; Pará : 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Óbidos, Colônia São Tomé, 1°50’46”S 55°32’24”W, 1♀, 21.IX.2010, Almeida, J. ( MZSP) ; Óbidos , 3#m, VII.1959, F.M. Oliviera ( AMNH) ; Santarém , 1♀ ( MNCN) ; Belterra, Alter do Chão , 2°29’38”S 54°57’26”W, 1♀, 16.IX.2010, Expedição Mocorango ( MZSP) ; Alto Parú D’Oeste, Tiriós , 2♀, I–II.1963, Machado e Pereira ( MNCN) ; Almeirim [Arrayolos], 1♂, 24.IV.1903, Ducke ( MNHN) ; Juruti, Jaratuba, Rio Mamuru , Área 2, 03°11’32,6’’S 56°34’51,4’’O, 2♂, 29.IX.2009, O.T. Silveira, S.S. Silva & J. Pena ( MPEG) ; Monte Alegre: Serra do Elerê, Gruta Pedra Pintada , 1♀, 15.III.1994, O. Silveira & A. Henriques ( MPEG) ; Cerrado , 1♂, 16–20.I.1992, A.L. Henriques ( MPEG) ; Gorotire , 51W8S, 1♀, 09.VI.1978, D.A. Posey ( MPEG) ; Tumukumake, Aldeia Araibá , 1♂, 05.II.1981, E. Oliveira ( MPEG) ; Amazonas: Parintins , 1♀, Knudsen, S.G. ( ZMB) ; São Paulo de Olivença , 1♂, X–XI.1878, M. de Mathan ( MNHN) ; Borba ( Lago Acara ), 2♀, X.1943 ( MNRJ) ; Humaitá, Rio Ipixuna , 07°31’18’’S 63°20’48.8’’W, 1♀, 02.X.2014, J.A. Rafael, F.F. Xavier F, R.M. Vieira, R.H. Aquino ( INPA) ; Amapá: Calçoene , 2♂, 30.X.1978, W. França ( MPEG) ; Mazagão, Fazendinha , 1♂, 03.XII.1980, E.L. Oliveira ( MPEG) ; Rondônia: Rio Guapore at Rio Baures , 1♂, 26.IX.1964, Bouseman & Lus- senhop ( AMNH) ; Vilhena , 1♂, 23.II.1961, J. & B. Bechyné ( MPEG) ; 62 km SW [southwest of] Ariquemas, nr [near] Fzda [fazenda] Rancho Grande , 1♂, 06–15.XII.1990, D.A. Rider & J.E. Eger ( FSCA) ; Itapua do Oeste, FLONA [Floresta Nacional] do Jamari : 2♀, 12.VI.2013, Luz, D., Rosa, B., Williams, K.A. ( DZUP) ; 3♂, 11. VI.2013, Luz, D.; Rosa, B.; Williams, K.A. ( DZUP) ; Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães : 1♀, 15.XI.2013, Melo, G.A.R., Luz, D.R., Williams, K.A. ( DZUP) ; 1♂, 18.XI.2013, Melo, G.A.R., Luz, D.R., Williams, K.A. ( DZUP) ; Rosario Oeste , 2♀, I.1976 ( MNRJ) ; Cáceres , 1♀, 12.II.1985, Elias, C. ( DZUP) ; Salôbra , 1♀, 19–30.I.1940, F. Lane ( MZSP) ; marg. [margem] esq. [esquerda] rio Sucuriu, Faz. [Fazenda] Canaã , Três Lagoas , 1♀, X.1966, F. Lane ( MZSP) ; São Paulo: Rio Claro , 1♂, B. Dias ( AMNH) ; Teodoro Sampaio , 1♂, 15.II.1999, Melo, G.A.R. ( DZUP) ; Reserva de Jatai, Luis Antônio , 1♀, 16.X.1999, Melo, G.A.R. ( DZUP) ; Tambau , 1♀, I.1971, Silva, L.C. ( DZUP) ; Distrito de Sousas, Campinas , 1♀, 26.VIII.1988, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; Faz. [Fazenda] Itaquerê, Nova Europa , 1♀, 14.XII.1964, K. Lenko ( MZSP) ; Guzolandia, Tres Irmaos ranch, 1♀, 31.III.1999, A.F. Santos ( EMUS) ; Porto Ca- bral, Rio Paraná , 1♀, 01–25.IV.1944, Trav. Fo. & Carrera & E. Dente ( MNCN) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Pelotas , 1♀, 04.II.1966, C. Biezanko ( MZSP) ; Caçapava do Sul, Pedra do Segredo , 1♀, 07.III.2010, P. Bartholomay ( CESC) ; Ijui , 1♀, 20.II.2007, Muller, G.A. ( DZUP) ; Porto Alegre, Morro do Coco , 1♀, 25.I.1962 ( CESC) ; Candelária, Ponte do Império , 1♂, 28.XII.2004, A. Köhler & M. Hermes ( CESC) ; Camaquã , Ilha de Três Bocas, 1♀, 01.II.1976 ( NHM) ; Espírito Santo: Cariacica , 1♀, 21.II.2001, Coser, C. ( UFES) ; Vitória , 1♀, 22.X.1981 ( UFES) ; Baixo Guan- du: 1♀, 15.VIII.1970, Elias,C. & Elias, C.T. ( DZUP) ; 1♂, 23–31.III.1970, Elias, C. & Elias, T. ( DZUP) ; Santa Teresa , 1♀, 24–31.IV.1967, Elias, C. & Elias, C.T. ( DZUP) ; Conceição da Barra , 1♀, 1968, Elias,C. & Elias, C.T. ( DZUP) ; Pedro Canário , 1♀, 12.X.1971, Enoqui ( DZUP) ; Colatina , 3#f, I.1970 ( MNRJ) ; Campus da UFES [Uni- versidade Fedral do Espírito Santo], Vitória , 1♀, 26.XI.1988, E.M. Freitas ( UFES) ; Corrego D’Água, Aracruz , 1♀, 17.VI.2001, Bertazzo, K. ( UFES) ; Duas Bocas, Cariacica , 1♀, 03.III.2001, Gomes, I.T. ( UFES) ; Barra do Jucu, Vila Velha , 1♀, 19.VIII.1987, F. Vieira ( UFES) ; Linhares, Sooretama , 3♀, I.1949 ( MNRJ) ; Morro Mestre Álvaro [Al- vares], Serra , 1♀, 16.IV.1987, A.P. Aguiar ( UFES) ; PEPCV, Setiba , 1♀, 22.XI.2000, Kawada ( UFES) ; São Fran- cisco Batatal, Alfredo Chaves , 1♀, 23.II.2004, Fraga, F.B. ( UFES) ; Bahia : 1♀, 28.III.2001, J.R. Maia ( CPDC) ; Vitoria da Conquista , 1♀, I.1963 ( MNRJ) ; Barrolandia , 1♀, III.1999, J.R.M. Santos ( CPDC) ; Belmonte , 1♀, 15.V.2004, J.H.C. Delabie ( CPDC) ; Una , 1♀, 21.VII.1997, J.R. Maia ( CPDC) ; Zona Rural ,T[eixeira]. de Freitas, 1♀, 30.VII.2003, Fraga, F.B. ( UFES) ; Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho , 2♀, XI.1929 ( DEI) ; Três Lagôas , 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Anastácio, Fazenda Boa Esperança , 1♀, 16–26.II.2008, Bossi, R. & Bervian, C. ( MZSP) ; Corguinho, Taboco, RPPN [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Quintas do Sol , 284m [above sea level] , 39°46’26’’S 55°14’38’’W, Cerrado , 1♀, 30.X.2011, Silva, R.J. (Mu-Bio); Jardim, Sta. [Santa] Maria, 250m [above sea level] , 21°32’46’’S 56°55’29’’W, 1♀, II.2008, Carbonari, V. (Mu-Bio); Aquidauana, malaise 09, 20°26’07”S 55°39’33”W, 2♂, 11–26.X.2011, Lamas & Nihei ( MZSP) ; Pedra Azul , 1♂, XI.1972, Alvarenga & Seabra ( AEIC) ; Minas Gerais: nr. [near] Timoteo , 1♂, 30.IX.1997, E.R. DePaula ( EMUS) ; 11 km S de Divino das Laranjeiras , 1♀, 26.XII.2000, Melo, G.A.R. ( DZUP) ; Cássia , 1♀, 13.II.1963, Elias,C. ( DZUP) ; Uberlândia, Faz. [Fazenda] Três Irmãos , 1♀, 19.XI.2004, Probio ( DZUP) ; Zona Rural, Nanuque , 1♀, 24–29.VII.2007, Fraga, F.B. ( UFES) ; 12km a N [norte] de Aguas Vermelhas, Faz. [Fazenda] Faceiro , 1♂, 14.XII.2012, Melo, G.A.R. ( DZUP) ; Goiás : Rio Araguaya, A 22 [sic], 1♀ ( MNRJ) ; Faz. [Fazenda] Aceiro, Jataí , 1♀, X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento de Zoolo- gia] ( MZSP) ; Faz. [Fazenda] Cachoeirinha, Jataí , 1♀, X.1963, Exp. Dep. Zool. [Expedição Departamento de Zoo- logia] ( MZSP) ; Serranópolis , Pousada das Aranas, 1♀, 3.VII.2008, Melo, G.A.R. ( DZUP) ; Paraná: P. [Parque] Estadual de Vila Velha : 3♀, 7.III.2003, Melo, G.A.R & Gonçalves, R. ( DZUP) ; 1♂, 7.XII.2002, Melo, G.A.R & Gonçalves, R. ( DZUP) ; Maranhão, Imperatriz , 1♀, 15.VII.1974, Exp. Dept. Zoo. [Expedição Departamento Zoo- logia] UFPR [Universidade Federal do Paraná] ( DZUP) ; Tocantins, Arraias , P1 RV MD [sic], 1♀, 24.II.2002, Filho A.R.S. e H.S. Morais ( UFT) ; Acre , 64♀ ( MZSP) ; ECUADOR, Pichinche , 1♀, Expedición al Pacífico ( MNCN) ; PERU: 1♀ ( NHM) ; [Pasco], Paucartambo , 2♀, J. Clermont ( MNCN) ; [San Martin], Tarapoto , 1♀ ( MNCN) ; BO- LIVIA: Santa Cruz: El Carmen , 1♀, 25–27.II.1954, C. Gans & F. Pereira ( MZSP) ; 40 km NW [northwest] Santa Cruz, Potrerillo de Guenda , 1♀, 19.XII.2004, Gino Nearns ( CMBC) ; 4–6 km SSE [south southeast] Buena Vista, Hotel Flora y Fauna , 1♀, 02–12.II.2000, J.E. Wappes ( TAMU) ; Santa Cruz: E [East] of Warnes , 1♂, XII.1983, R.C. Wilkerson ( FSCA) ; 5 km ESE [east southeast] Warnes, Hotel Rio Selva , 1♀, 13.X.2000, B.K. Dozier ( FSCA) ; Cordillera, Las Juntas , 1♀, II.1947, Peredo ( MNCN) ; Beni: Rio Itenez , 4 km above Costa Marques ( Brazil), 1♀, 12– 18.IX.1964, J.K. Bouseman & J. Lussenhop ( AMNH) ; near Rio Mapiri , 1♂, IX.1921, W.M. Mann ( USNM) ; La Paz: San Buenaventura, Ixiamas rd. [road] km 23, Hacienda Chiquitos , 1♀, 13.VII.2003, Robertson & Blahnik ( UMSP) ; Santa Ana de Alto Beni , 300m [above sea level], 2♀, 15–16.IV.1979, M. Cooper ( NHM) ; Guanay, Uyapi , 1♂, X.1995, Gerlach ( AMNH) ; PARAGUAY: Pto. [Puerto] Pablo : 2♂, XI–XII.1936 ( RBINS) ; 3♀, XI–XII.1936 ( RBINS) ; Paraguari: La Rosada, 560’, 26°06’S 56°50’W, 4♀, 27–30.XII.2008, U. Dreschel ( EMUS) ; Ybycui Na- tional Park , 1♀, 12–24.IV.1980, P.J. Spangler ( USNM) ; 1♂, 22.I.1981, H. Ferreira ( USNM) ; Presidente Hayes, Puerto Galileo , 230’, 25°04’S 57°52’W, 1♀, 05–08.III.2008, U. Dreschel ( EMUS) ; San Pedro: Rio Ypane: Cororo : 1♀, XI.1983, M.A. Fritz ( AMNH) ; 1♂, II.1994, Arriagada ( AMNH) ; Villarica , 1♀, 15.X.1924 ( DEI) ; Chaco, San Bernardo , 1♀, di Iorio ( AMNH) ; Caaguazu, Zudanez , 1♀, II.1949 ( UMMZ) ; Distrito Capital, Assomption [Asunción], 1♀ ( RBINS) ; ARGENTINA: Chaco: Tres Estatas , 1♀, di Iorio ( AMNH) ; San Bernardo : 1♀, Di Lorio ( EMUS) ; 2♂, DiLorio ( AMNH) ; Chaco Austral, Ingênio Las Palmas , 1♀ ( DEI) ; 100 km NW [northwest] Resisten- cia, NP [ National Park ] Chaco, 1♂, 12.XII.1990, S & J Peck ( PMAE) ; Tres Estacas , 1♂, II.1991, DiLorio ( AMNH) ; Cordoba: Dolores , ca. [circa] La Cumbre, 1♀, 08.III.1995, C. Porter ( FSCA) ; Cordoba , 1♀, 1919, E. Giacomelli, ( MNCN) ; Villa Cabrera , 1♀, 1919, E. Giacomelli ( MNCN) ; Capillo del Monte , 1♀, 1928, E. Giacomelli ( MNCN) ; Corrientes: Perrugorria , 1♀, 13.IV.1950 ( MNHN) ; Ytuzaingo , 1♀, III.1982, Fritz ( FSCA) ; 7♂, III.1982, Fritz ( AMNH) ; Manantiales , 1♀, I.1960, I. Apostol ( MNCN) ; Paso de la Patria , 1♂, 20.I.1972, D.J. Brothers ( DJBC) ; Entre Rios: [Pueblo] Liebig : 1♀, II.1979, Zelich ( AMNH) ; 1♂, III.1995 ( EMUS) ; Colon, Ita Cora , 1♀, II.1997, L. Caire ( EMUS) ; Palmar Colon , 5♂, Fritz ( AMNH) ; Formosa: Estancia Guaycolec , 25 km N [north of] Formosa, 2♀, 26.II–10.III.1999, Heydon & Ledford ( UCDC) ; Est. [Estancia] Guaycolsec , 25 km N Formosa, 2♂, 10.III.1999, Heydon & Ledford ( UCDC) ; Jujuy: San Pedro de Jujuy, 1♀, 02.V.1968, C.C. Porter ( USNM) ; Yuto , 2♂, 10.I.1966, H & M Townes ( AEIC) ; Mendoza, Mendoza, 1♀ ( MNHN) ; La Rioja , 3♀, 1919, E. Giacomelli ( MNCN) ; Misiones : 1♀, E. Le Moult ( MNCN) ; Rio Paraná, Tiju-Cuare, Missão de San Ignácio , 2♀, 1911, E.R. Wagner ( MNHN) ; Santa Fé: 1♂, 11.IX.1942 ( CUIC) ; Huerta Gr. , 1♂, I.1910 ( UMSP) ; Las Garzas , 1♀, E. Le Moult ( MNCN) ; Santiago del Estero, Rio Salado , 12♀, 1916, E. Le Moult ( MNCN) ; Tucuman: Tucuman: 1♀, 1.III.1902, J. Steinbach S.V. ( ZMB) ; 2♂, 1.III.1902, J. Steinbach S.V. ( ZMB) ; Catamarca, Punta [de] Balasto : 1♂, I.1992, Fritz ( AMNH) ; 7♂, XII.1976, Fritz ( AMNH) ; URUGUAY: 1♀, J. Wyman ( MCZC) ; 1♀, Cornell Univ. [University] Expedition ( CUIC) ; Montevideo, Isern , 1♀, 1862–1865, Expedición al Pacífico ( MNCN) ; Rio Negro, R. [Rio] Grande , km 287, ruta 3, 2♂, I.1965, Carbonell ( AMNH) . An additional 262♀ and 26♂ from various localities in BRAZIL, BOLIVIA, PARAGUAY, and ARGENTINA have also been examined ( LACM, MNRJ, MNCN, MZSP, FSCA, DZUP, ZMB, AMNH, USNM, CMNH, MPEG, MNHN, MIUP, CESC, ZMUC, AEIC, ZMB, NHM, Mu-Bio, UFES, CASC, CMBC) .

Remarks. The synonymy and consequent sex association of T. graphica and T. vidua was made evident by the fact that typical forms of both species occur from Colombia to Argentina with scarcely any variation. Females of three formerly recognized species, T. cachimba , T. scripta and T. scripta borrosa , were subsequently recognized to share identical structural features with the most commonly seen form, T. graphica . Males of T. vidua are virtually unaltered in color or structure throughout their range, with specimens from the Amazon being identical to those collected in Argentina. The similarities between T. vidua , T. spectabilis , and T. protuberans are intriguing and indicate that further synonymy may be eventually needed or that these are closely related. While both sexes of T. spectabilis can approximate these structures, they always appear to be somewhat deformed or poorly developed versions of the well-developed broad, flat, truncate axillar projections of T. vidua males or the discrete transverse carinae anterolateral to the scutellar scale of T. vidua females. Males of T. protuberans similarly have their axillar projections appearing to be a poorly developed version of those seen in T. vidua males.

Figures

FIGURES 32A–L. A–B, I. Traumatomutilla cachimba (Casal, 1969), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; I. labels; C–D, J. T. scripta (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; J. labels; E–F, K. T. s. borrosa Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Lateral habitus; K. labels; G–H, L. T. graphica (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; G. Dorsal habitus; H. Lateral habitus; L. labels.

FIGURES 33A–G. Traumatomutilla vidua (Klug, 1821), holotype, ♂, 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale).