Tipula (Lunatipula) quadridentata Savchenko, 1964

Lantsov, Vladimir I. & Pilipenko, Valentin E., 2021, A new Palaearctic species of the subgenus Lunatipula (Diptera, Tipulidae) from the West Caucasus with a survey of the caucasica species group, ZooKeys 1048, pp. 145-175 : 145

Tipula (Lunatipula) quadridentata Savchenko, 1964

Figs 8 , 9 , 12D-F , 13D , 14D,J

Tipula (Lunatipula) quadridentata quadridentata Savchenko 1964: 392 (type locality: Russia, near Stavropol); Oosterbroek and Theowald 1992: 118; Oosterbroek 2021.

Material examined.

Holotype. Russia • 1 male; ”околицы Ставрополя, байрачн.[ый] лес” [near Stavropol, bairak forest] [small forest in steppe ravines]; 25 May 1954; [S.] Medvedev leg.; ZISP. / “южн. скл. под пологом [ леса]” [southern slopes under the canopy forest] / " T. ( Lunatipula ) quadridenta sp. n., опр. Е.Савченко” [det. E. Savchenko]. The specimen is very badly damaged and glued together. The head is glued to the thorax; the abdomen is broken in half and glued together; two legs of uncertain position are glued to the specimen, one without coxa and trochanter, and the other missing the last four tarsal segments. Paratypes. Russia • 1 male; “Старый лес к югу от Ставрополя” [Old forest south of Stavropol]; 25 May 1954;[S.] Medvedev leg.; ZISP. / “ниж. часть сев. склона” [lower part of northern slope] • 1 female, “Георгиевское лесничество Туапсинск. р-н” [Georgievskoe forestry Tuapse District]; 21 May 1954; K. Arnoldi leg.; ZISP • 1 male, same collection data as for preceding; 22 May 1954 • 3 males, 2 females; “г. Лысая, 800-900 м, Туапсинск. р-н” [mount Lysaya, alt. 800-900 m, Tuapse District]; 26 May 1954; K. Arnoldi leg.; ZISP; / “вершинная луговина и опушка леса 800-900 m " [summit meadow and forest edge, alt. 800-900 m].

Additional material.

Russia • 9 males, 8 females; “курорт “Горячий хр. Котх.[ский] Краснодар.[ский] кр. дуб.[овый] лес” [Goryachiy Klyuch resort Koth[skiy] Ridge, Krasnodar.[sky] District oak. Forest]; 18 May 1956; Gilyarov leg.; ZISP / " T. ( Lunatipula ) Tipula quadridentata sp. n. опр. Е.Н.Савченко” • 1 female, “м. [ мыс] Пенай, к югу от Новороссийска” [m. (cape) Penay, south of Novorossiysk] 24. V. [1]956; Gilyarov leg.; ZISP • 1 male, 1 female; “окр. ст. Смоленской, Сиверского р-на, Краснодар. кр.” [near Smolensk station, Siversky Region, Krasnodar District] 20 May 1963; Savchenko leg.; / “опуш.[ка] смеш.[анного] предгорн.[ого] леса” [edge of mixed foothill forest]; ZISP • 1 male; “окр. st . Krivenkovskoi , Туапс.[инского] р-на Краснодар.[ского] края” [around village Krivenkovskaya, Tuapse Region of Krasnodar District]; 25 May 1963; Savchenko leg.; / “опушка листв.[енного] леса у реки, вдоль горн.[ого] потока” [the edge of the foliage forest near the river, along the mountain stream]; ZISP • 1 male; Khosta , Krasnodarskiy Kray , Caucasian Reserve , Tiso-samshitovaya rosha [Yew-and-Boxwood Tree Grove]; 43°32'014"N, 39°52'621"E; alt. 135 m; 10 May 2018; V. Lantsov leg.; / Fern-butcher community on the rocky slopes of the right side of the gorge of the Khosta River; IEMT • 1 male; Khosta, Krasnodarskiy Kray, Caucasian Reserve, Tiso-samshitovaya rosha [Yew-and-Boxwood Tree Grove]; 43°31'656"N, 39°52'467 ’’ E; alt. 54 m; 12 May 2018, V. Lantsov leg.; / collected on light; IEMT • 2 males (in alcohol); North Caucasus, Krasnodarskiy Kray, near village Mezmay; 44°11'291"N, 39°58'090"E; alt. 808 m; 15 May 2018; V. Lantsov leg.; / Beech ( Fagus orientalis ), fruit tree ( Pyrus sp. and Malus sp.) forest with Fraxinus excelsior in under growth, Sambucus nigra , Cornus mas , Rosa canina, Crataegus sp., in shrub layer and sedge Carex pendula , cereals and herbs in ground layer [a leveled area of the light part of the forest, possibly a site of a wild pear-apple orchard 50-70 years old]; IEMT • 1 male; Krasnodar Territory, Apsheron District, environs of village Mezmay, Guam Gorge, left slope, 44°12'409"N, 39°55'056"E, alt. 547 m; 24 May 2019; V. Lantsov leg.; / Landslide foot, community with butterbur [ Petasites albus ] as dominant along the banks of the stream, open places at the edge of the forest; ZISP • 8 males (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, Seversky District, in vicinity of village Thamaha, 3 May 2016; S. Kustov leg.; ZISP • 7 males, 1 female (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, Seversky District, environs of village Plancheskaya, 3 May 2016. S. Kustov leg.; ZISP • 5 males (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, environs of village Bolshoy Utrish; 1 May 2008; E. Hachikov. leg.; ZISP • 3 males (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, municipality Anapa, environs of village Sukko, Kvashin’s Gorge, Dolgaya Niva territory; 44°47'20"N, 37°28'33"E; alt. 67 m; 6-8 May 2016; S. Kustov, V. Gladun. leg.; ZISP • 5 males (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, river Shakhe Gorge ; 43°52'46"N, 39°50'00"E; 2 May 2012; V. Pilipenko leg.; VPMC • 3 males; (in alcohol); Khosta, Krasnodarskiy Kray, Caucasian Reserve , Tiso-samshitovaya rosha [Yew-and-Boxwood Tree Grove]; 43°32'014"N, 39°52'621"E; 8 May 2012; V. Pilipenko leg.; VPMC • 4 males (in alcohol); Krasnodar Territory, 13 km to the N from Sochi, Sukhoy Canyon; 43°32'N, 39°56'E; 5 May 2014; V. Pilipenko leg.; VPMC; RUSSIA - Dagestan • 5 males; Makhachkala, Tarki Distr.; 42°56'57"N, 47°29'41"E; alt. 220 m; 1 May 2019., V. Pilipenko leg.; cemetery on the hillside; VPMC • 1 male, 1 female; same locality; 10 May 2019., V. Pilipenko leg.; VPMC • 1 male, Tarki-Tau Mt.; 42°56'28"N, 47°28'08"E; alt. 450 m; 2 May 2019; V. Pilipenko leg.; oak forest; VPMC .

Diagnosis.

Tergite 9 with four widely spaced teeth and with three rounded notches distally; caudal margin of gonocoxite with two dentate projections. Paired appendages of sternite 8 with wide base bearing thick yellow setae distally covering gap between. Cercus long and straight; hypogynial valve only slightly longer than width at base.

Redescription.

Adult male (Fig. 8A, B ). General body coloration grey. Body length 15-16 mm, wings 15.5-17 mm.

Head (Figs 8B , 13D ). Vertex dirty grey with longitudinal thin dark grey midline. Rostrum grey dorsally with long brown setae mixed with shorter white setae, but glabrous at base, laterally and ventrally dirty yellow (nearly rusty). Nasus well developed, with long, whitish procumbent setae. Frons light grey and yellow with group of 2-4 small brown setae behind each antenna. Gula grey, glabrous with narrow brown stripe. Gena light grey near eyes.

Antennae. Framing around antennal sockets yellow. Scape light brown, pedicel yellow, flagellomeres brown; verticils not longer than corresponding flagellomeres.

Thorax (Fig. 8A, B ). Dark grey with silvery pruinescence. Pronotum dark grey; katepisternum dorsally with groups of whitish setae. Scutum with 4 brownish stripes (Fig. 8B ), spaces between stripes grey with long whitish bristles. Mediotergite grey with whitish bristles.

Wings (Fig. 8A ). Transparent, without noticeable marble pattern, with light brown pterostigma. Longitudinal veins with macrotrichia.

Halteres . Stem light brown to yellowish, knob brown.

Legs. Femora light brown with procumbent dark brown bristles. Tarsal claws without noticeable tooth at base.

Abdomen (Figs 8A , 9A ). Dark grey with short whitish bristles. Tergites with distal and lateral whitish edging.

Terminalia (Figs 9 , 14D, J ). Hypopygium not thickened. Tergite 9 and gonocoxite with silver pruinescence. Upper margin of gonocoxite with two dentate projections. Tergite 9 (Figs 9E, F ; 14D ) at apex with four widely spaced teeth and with three rounded notches, narrower middle notch bounded by small flat projection bearing sharp thorn beneath; small backwards projecting spine beneath tergite 9. Outer and inner gonostyli (Figs 9G, H ; 14J ) without significant features. Paired appendages of sternite 8 (Fig. 9D ) large, wide base with fringe of thick yellow setae hiding gap between (apparent on pinned specimens). Paired apical appendages of sternite 9 as in Figure 9K, L . Gonocoxal fragment (Fig. 9I ) with characteristic small V-shaped fork at base. Semen pump and aedeagus as in Figure 9J .

Female. Body length 17.5-19.5 mm, wings 16-18.5 mm. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow. Terminalia (Fig. 12D-F ). Cercus long and straight. Hypogynial valve (Fig. 12E ) only slightly longer than wide at base. Sternite 9 and furca as in Figure 12D, F .

Comparison with closely related species.

This species differs from other species of the Tipula caucasica species group (in the male) by tergite 9 with four widely spaced teeth and with three small notches at the apex and a small spine beneath (Figs 9E, F ; 14D ). Paired appendages of sternite 8 is broadest, with thick yellow bristles that cover the gap between; in the other species this gap is not obscured. Tipula quadridentata is similar to T. paupera by having two teeth on the edge of the gonocoxite and similar coloring of the antenna. The outer gonostylus is somewhat larger than in T. caucasica . The gonocoxal fragment is similar to that of T. talyshensis (Figs 9I , 11I ). The female has a parallel-sided, straight cercus whereas it is upturned at the tip in T. caucasica and broader at base in T. talyshensis .

Elevation.

Adults were collected at altitudes ranging from sea level (54 m in Tiso-samshitovaya rosha) to 800-900 m (in Mount Lysaya, Tuapse district).

Flight period.

Adults were collected from throughout the month of May.

Habitat.

Specimens are found in moderately humid woody deciduous communities.

Distribution.

Endemic to the Caucasus; currently known from the West Caucasus (northern and southern slopes; Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory) and from the East Caucasus (Dagestan; first record).

Figures

Figure 8. T. (Lunatipula) quadridentata, male habitus A general lateral view B head and thorax, dorsal view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A), 1 mm (B).

Figure 9. T. (Lunatipula) quadridentata A terminal segments of male abdomen, lateral view (dry) B-L male terminalia (after KOH 10 % treatment) B hypopygium, caudal view C hypopygium, lateral view D sternite 8, ventral view E tergite 9, caudal view F tergite 9, dorsal view G inner and outer gonostylus, lateral view H inner and outer gonostylus, caudal view I gonocoxal fragment, dorsal view J semen pump and aedeagus, lateral view K adminiculum and paired apical appendages of sternite 9, caudal view L adminiculum and paired apical appendages of sternite 9, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 11. T. (Lunatipula) talyshensis A terminal segments of male abdomen, lateral view (dry) B-L male terminalia (after KOH 10 % treatment) B hypopygium, caudal view C hypopygium, lateral view D sternite 8, ventral view E tergite 9, caudal view F tergite 9, dorsal view G inner and outer gonostylus, lateral view H inner and outer gonostylus, caudal view I gonocoxal fragment, dorsal view J semen pump and aedeagus, lateral view K adminiculum and paired apical appendages of sternite 9, caudal view L adminiculum and paired apical appendages of sternite 9, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 12. Female terminalia of Tipula caucasica species group A-C T. (Lunatipula) caucasica D-F T. (Lunatipula) quadridentata G-I T. (Lunatipula) talyshensis A, D, G ovipositor, lateral view B, E, H ovipositor ventral view C, F, I sternite 9 and furca, lateral view. Abbreviations: c-cerci; f-furca; hv-hypogynial valve; s-sternite; t-tergite. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 13. Heads of Tipula caucasica species group, dorsal view A T. (Lunatipula) caucasica B T. (Lunatipula) eleniya sp. nov. C T. (Lunatipula) paupera D T. (Lunatipula) quadridentata E T. (Lunatipula) Tipula talyshensis. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 14. Comparisons of some components of male terminalia of the Tipula caucasica species group A, F T. (Lunatipula) caucasica B, G T. (Lunatipula) eleniya sp. nov. C, I T. (Lunatipula) paupera D, J T. (Lunatipula) quadridentata E, K T. (Lunatipula) talyshensis A-E tergite 9, dorsal view F-K inner and outer gonostylus, lateral view. Arrows point to central notch at apex of tergite 9 (C, D), to the wedge-shaped projection posteriorly on inner gonostylus (F), to the rod-like outgrowth behind anterior beak of inner gonostylus (G), to the anterior (dorsal) margin of gonocoxite (I, J, K). Scale bar: 1 mm.