Thecloxurina tegulina Bálint and Boyer, 2008
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222930802097675 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087C9-D57B-066A-36B9-FB896E2DFDBB |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Thecloxurina tegulina Bálint and Boyer |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Thecloxurina tegulina Bálint and Boyer , sp. n.
( Figures 1A,B View Figure 1 , 2A View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 , 4D View Figure 4 )
Type material
Holotype and three paratypes, all male, labelled as ‘‘ Peru, Karkatera, NW of Ampay, 3,200 m (Apurímac), 13 ° 3492860S; 72 ° 5895010W, end of February 2005 ’’. The holotype will be deposited in the Lepidoptera collection of the San Marcos University , Lima ( Peru) . Paratype no. 1 is deposited in the Lepidoptera collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum; paratypes nos 2–3 are deposited in the collection of Pierre Boyer. Genital dissections: no. 1090 (paratype 1), 1091 (paratype 2).
Diagnosis
There is no similar congener. The brick red wing median and submedian area of the fore wing dorsal surface with violet blue basal area and black apex is unique in the genus and we do not know any similar lycaenid butterfly in the Neotropical region that possesses this combination of characters. Hence, in comparison with other Thecloxurina phenotypes occurring in Peru the new species can be immediately identified on the basis of dorsal colouration ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ).
According to ventral wing pattern with the undulated medial line, the new species resembles T. atymna which is known from Central Colombia to northern Peru ( Bálint and Wojtusiak 2003: 367), but they differ (1) in dorsal colouration of the discal cell around the scent pad as: violet–blue/orange–red5 tegulina / atymna , (2) in the shape of scent pad as: distal edge acutely pointed with sharp (,60 °) angulation/ distal edge less pointed with obtuse (.120 °) angulation5 tegulina / atymna ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ), (3) in male genital valva as: having short distal terminus (1/3 valval length)/male genital valva having long distal terminus (1 valval length) and (4) in male genital aedeagus as: basal cornutus having convex distal terminus/basal cornutus having hollowed distal terminus5 tegulina / atymna (cf. Figure 3 View Figure 3 ).
All the other congeners occurring in Peru are blue dorsally and have differently shaped dorsal fore-wing scent pads ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ).
The T. tegulina reflectance peak is at 380 nm at the border of ultraviolet and visible regions, close to the also Peruvian T. chachapoya , but the shapes of the reflectance peaks are clearly different as showed by the value of FWHM, which are 153.8 nm for T. tegulina and 185.7 nm for T. chachapoya . The reflectance peak of T. atymna is at 356 nm, and the T. atymna FWHM value is 171.2 (see below).
Description of the male
Body. Head with reddish brown vertex and frontoclypeus, labial palpus reddish brown covered with white scales, flagella black with white terminal rings, club long and reddish brown; thorax dorsally black with long pilose hairs, ventrally reddish brown, legs covered by long reddish brown and white piliform scales; abdomen dorsally black, ventrally pale orange; male genital capsule bullet-shaped with large tegumen, pair of conspicuously pointed gnathos, broad vinculum with broad appendix angularis, saccus slender and equal to vinculum in length; valvae slender in ventral but broad in lateral aspect with long pointed termini, manica membranous; aedeagus long, two times valval length, vesica with pair of cornuti, distal one small and bent with dorsal sclerotization and spines in lateral aspect, basal one flat and more sclerotized with convex terminus ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ).
Wings. Costal margin length of forewing 16 mm measured from the erection of the cubital vein to the vein R3 terminus (n 54); dorsal ground colour bonnie blue in basal area but brick brown in medial and marginal areas with brown outer margin and maroon coloured fringes; costa black in basal, medial and submedial areas, apical area also black, cubital vein base reddish brown, discal cell apex with trapezoid grey scent pad pointed distally, vein M3 erection area with minute scent patch; ventral ground colour mottled red, darker basally and lighter distally divided by a central symmetric line slightly obtuse angled in vein M3 and CuA2, submargin with a row of faint intercellular darker brown spots; anal area grey with black melanic scales covering vein CuA2 erection. Hindwing dorsally similar to that of forewing without scent pad and patch but vein CuA2 terminus strongly expanded, anal edge incurved creating a rufous tornal lobe with grayish hint; ventral colouration and pattern as that of in forewing but without discoidal patch and subbasal area in costal, Sc+R1 and discal cells yellowish, plus central symmetry line broken at vein CuA 2 in 90 degree running to anal margin, tornal lobe and tail CuA2 dark reddish brown.
Bionomics
Known exclusively from the type locality. Specimens were collected in the valley of Rio Pachachaca, above the settlement of Abancay. The region is very dry, and it has been so deforested, even inside the very closely situated ‘Santuario National’, therefore it is difficult to have a real idea of the original vegetation. The regional butterfly fauna is apparently represented only by Leptotes callanga Dyar, 1913 (Lycaenidae) , Catasticta cora (Lucas, 1852) (Pieridae) , one Eunica species close to momina (Stoll, 1782) and Pedaliodes sp. (Nymphalidae) .
Etymology
The name is created in rhyme with the type species of the genus referring to the characteristic brick (5 tegula in Latin) red dorsal wing colouration.
Remarks
The female of T. tegulina is not known yet. We presume that it is dorsally orange as the females of T. atymna and T. fassli (Druce, 1912) .
Spectral reflectances
Thecloxurina ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 )
The reflectance spectra of T. loxurina show uniformity over a wide geographical range from central Colombia to northern Peru. The spectrum has a well-developed symmetric peak in the ultraviolet below the visible region around 350 nm with reflectance ranging from 20 to 30% ( Figure 4A View Figure 4 ). Individuals originating from distant geographic areas show only minor variations in the position and shape of the reflectance peak.
The species T. chachapoya shows a lower reflectance (around 20%) than T. loxurina and the peak is clearly shifted towards the visible and has lost symmetry by the accentuation of a shoulder-like secondary peak around 450 nm, which was only barely visible in the case of T. loxurina . The FWHM value for T. chachapoya is 185.7 nm ( Figure 4B View Figure 4 ).
The reflectance peak of T. atymna is at 356 nm, and the FWHM value is 171.2 differing from the two previously analysed species ( Figure 4C View Figure 4 ).
The reflectance peak of T. tegulina is at 380 nm, at the border of ultraviolet and visible regions, close T. chachapoya , but the shapes of the reflectance peaks are clearly different as showed by the value of FWHM, which is 153.8 nm for T. tegulina and 185.7nm for T. chachapoya ( Figure 4C,D View Figure 4 ).
The reflectance of T. cillutincare has a peak very close to 400 nm and the shape of the reflectance peak is very steep, somewhat similar to that of T. loxurina with the notable difference that the reflective is conspicuously lower (below 20%) ( Figure 4D View Figure 4 ). Penaincisalia ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 )
P. aurulenta did not show any reflectance in the UV range, but displays a steeply ascending shape from 500 nm towards near-infrared.
P. perezi has similar spectral character with the notable difference that in the UV around 330 nm it displays a well-developed (30%) reflectance peak which smoothly descends to 500 nm. At this point its behaviour becomes similar to that seen for P. aurulenta .
The spectrum of P. culminicola is strikingly different in comparison with other species discussed hitherto. The species displays total reflectance in ultraviolet close to the visible spectrum (380 nm). The lowest reflectance is at 500 nm, a feature shared with the other two Penaincisalia species we measured. However the spectrum of P. culminicola displays not so steep ascending reflectance towards infrared as P. aurulenta and P. perezi .
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