Strobocalyx arborea (Buch.-Ham.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18: 171. 1861.

Bunwong, Sukhonthip, Chantaranothai, Pranom & Keeley, Sterling C., 2014, Revisions and key to the Vernonieae (Compositae) of Thailand, PhytoKeys 37, pp. 25-101 : 89

Strobocalyx arborea (Buch.-Ham.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18: 171. 1861.

Conyza arborea Wall., List [Wallich] no. 2. nom. nud.

Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 218. 1825.

Strobocalyx arborea Type. Nepal, S.N. (holotype: E!). Figs 10D-E .

Eupatorium javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: 903. 1826.

Vernonia javanica (Blume) DC., Prodr. 5: 22. 1836.

Strobocalyx arborea Type. Indonesia. Java, Blume s.n. (holotype: L).

Description.

Trees, 5-20 m tall. Stems arborescent, terete, inconspicuously ribbed, branches ferruginuous pubescent. Leaves 8-20 by 4-10 cm, elliptic to oblong, margin entire, apex acuminate or caudate, base cuneate or oblique, coriaceous; both surfaces puberulous with filiform hairs and capitate glands; lateral veins 10-15-paired; petioles up to 3 cm long. Capitulescences terminal or axillary, thyrsoid paniculate. Capitula narrowly campanulate, shortly pedunculate. Receptacle flat, glabrous. Involucres narrowly campanulate or slightly oblong-cylindrical, in 3-4 series, 2-3 mm long. Phyllaries imbricate, green or purple, margin piliferous, outer surface puberulous without glands; the outer ovate, apex obtuse or rounded; the inner ones ovate-lanceolate or oblong, apex obtuse. Florets 3-6; corollas funnelform, purple to white, glandular; corolla tubes 6-7 mm long; corolla lobes ca. 2 mm long. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm long, apical appendage acute, base obtuse. Styles purple. Achenes turbinate, ca. 2 mm long, 3-4-angled and inconspicuously ribbed, pubescent with twin hairs and capitate glands. Pappus in 2 series of bristles, the inner ones 6-7 mm long. Pollen subechinolophate, 3-colporate, with micropuncta.

Distribution.

Thailand: Nan, Loei, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Vietnam, New Guinea.

Specimens examined.

Thailand, Phang Nga, Takuapha, 8°56'N, 98°21'E, 7 Jul 1972, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, I. Nielsen & T. Santisuk 30935 (AAU, BKF, K, L); Songkhla, Ban Prakamp, 18 Feb 1928, A.F.G. Kerr 15847 (BK, BM, K); Trang, Khao Chong, 11 Aug 1975, J.F. Maxwell 75-739 (AAU, BK, L); Yala, 29 Jan 1931, Put 3655 (BK, BM, E, K); Narathiwat, Nakorn Vang, 6 Oct 1966, Prayad 494 (BK, US); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thung Song, 24 Jul 1929, Rabil 188 (BK, BM, E, K); Ranong, Ka Pur, 7 Dec 1979, T. Shimizu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahama & C. Niyomdham T-26360 (BKF, L); Ka Pur, 12 Aug 1973, Pochanart 427 (BKF, K, P); Ka Pur, 1 Jan 1919, A.F.G. Kerr 16477 (BK, BM, K); Surat Thani, Kanchanadid, 31 Jul 1927, A.F.G. Kerr 13034 (AAU, BK, BM, K, L).

Diagnostic characters.

Strobocalyx arborea is distinguished by its large size, 3-4-angled achenes and obtuse phyllaries.

Ecology.

Evergreen forest, alt. 50-300 m; flowering July to February.

Vernacular name.

Ka Ton Rok (กะท้อนรอก), Ka Puam Ma Prao (กะพวมมะพร้าว), Kra Phee Kao (กระพี้ขาว), Ko Ta Ba Ru (โกตาบารู), Kee Aon (ขี้อ้น), Torn Lor (ตอนเลาะ), Baa Hor (แบหอ), Smong Kung (สมองกุ้ง), Ai Nieaw Maa (อ้ายเหนียวหมา), Ta Kuam (ตะกวม), Nuang Chang (งวงช้าง).

Figures

Figure 10. Morphology of Vernonieae in Thailand 6. A Okia birmanica B Okia pseudobirmanica C Pulicarioidea annamica D-E Strobocalyx arborea F Strobocalyx solanifolia G-H Struchium sparganophorum I Tarlmounia elliptica.