PHYLLANTHACEAE, Martinov, 1820

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

PHYLLANTHACEAE

Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão var. alchorneoides, Diss. in Trab. Vell. Rio de Janeiro (1848) Syn: Hieronyma caribaea Urban ; Hieronyma laxiflora (Tul.) Müll.Arg. ; Stilaginella laxiflora Tul. Common Name : Horseflesh, Tapana. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal and lower montane forests, lowland forest and lower montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; SW Erin-Guapo; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Rio Claro-Mayaro; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: North central coast. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Williams s.n. (TRIN). TRINIDAD: Morne Gasparee to Verdant Vale, Adams 13723 (K, TRIN); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5811, TRIN 5859); Arima, Crueger 118 (TRIN 382); Aripo Road, near 5 m. p., Broadway s.n. (BM); Valencia, Britton et al. 1020 (K); Cumuto Road, Broadway 7801 (BM); Arena Forest Reserve, Gill s.n. (OXF); Irois, sine coll. (TRIN 878). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Hieronyma oblonga (Tul.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea 34: 66 (1865) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Keeler-Wolf 506A (BM, TRIN 33289). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia

Margaritaria nobilis L.f., Suppl. Pl. 428 (1782) Syn: Cicca antillana A.Juss.; Phyllanthus antillanus (A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.; Phyllanthus nobilis (L.f.) Müll.Arg. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 4043 (BM); Old Belmont, Broadway 4515 (E), Broadway 4515b (K). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 1130 (TRIN 33151); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5618); Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13699 (K, TRIN); Maracas trail, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14647); San Fernando Hill, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2470); Quinam Reserve, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 12014), Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 14490); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8061). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Phyllanthus acacioides Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 287 (1902) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest. IUCN: VU. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Morne d’Or, Eggers 5840 (K); Lot 42, Broadway s.n. (BM), Broadway 4189 (P); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Marshall s.n. (K, TRIN 12384). Global range: Endemic to Tobago.

Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S. D.A. 148: 17 (1909) Common Name: Damsel, Serio, Sour Cherry. Exotic.

Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 95 (1791) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushy areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lambeau, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2464); Easterfield, Broadway 4555 (BM, K);

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 327 Easterfield Road, Sandwith 1868 (K). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Britton 990 (K); Laventille, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 4378); Arima, Eggers 1184 (P). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 421 (1827) Common Name: Gwen Amba Fei, Seedunder-Leaf. Exotic.

Phyllanthus caribaeus Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 382 (1908) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Banks in shade. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Charlotteville to King’s Bay , Freeman & Williams s.n. ( TRIN 11387 ). TRINIDAD: St. Anns , Broadway 5124 ( BM) ; Maracas Bay , Broadway 6756 ( K) ; Maracas, Broadway 7849 ( BM) ; Arima-Blanchisseuse Road , 9 m. p., Philcox & Kalloo 7936 ( K, TRIN) ; Morne Bleu, Freeman s.n. ( TRIN 9566 ) ; Long Stretch , 23– 24 m.p., Broadway 6545 ( BM) . Global range: Lesser Antilles , Central America , Colombia , Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru .

Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walter subsp. caroliniensis Walter, Fl. Carol. 228 (1788) Syn: Phyllanthus graminicola Britton Exotic.

Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. Sp. Pl., Ed. quarta 4(1): 582 (1805) Exotic.

Phyllanthus elsiae Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 405 (1919) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Thickets in low-lying land near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Studley Park, Broadway 4557 (BM, P); Auchenskeoch Beach, Broadway 4789 (BM, K, US), Broadway 5910 (BM, K, OXF). TRINIDAD: Carli Bay, Adams 14699 (TRIN); Rousillac Swamp, Swabey s.n. (K, OXF, TRIN 12558); Erin, Broadway 7795 (BM, K), Broadway 7845 (BM, K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam.

Phyllanthus emblica L., Sp. Pl. 982 (1753) Exotic.

Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 981 (1753) Exotic.

Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, Contr. Gray Herb 176: 53 (1955) Exotic.

Phyllanthus hyssopifolioides Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 108 (1817) Syn: Phyllanthus monocladus Urban Habit : Herb. Habitat: Savannas and swampy ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14854), Philcox & Philcox 8211 (K); O’Meara Savanna, Britton & Hazen 1573 (TRIN), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9341). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd. subsp. cornifolius (Kunth) G.L.Webster, J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 151 (1958) Syn: Phyllanthus cornifolius Kunth Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Southern Watershed; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando Hill, Lewis s.n. (TRIN 9164); Penal Rock Road, 12 m. p., Williams s.n. (TRIN 12172); Southern Watershed Reserve, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 12179); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8538). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Phyllanthus mimicus G.L.Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 52 (1955) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shaded banks. IUCN: CR. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Big River Bridge, Broadway 3038 (BM, K, NY). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad and Tobago.

Phyllanthus orbiculatus Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113 (1792) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides and sandy places near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Juan, Broadway 5564 (BM, S); Lopinot Road, 3.5 m.p., Philcox et al. 7493 (K, P, TRIN); Icacos, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7404, TRIN

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BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

8539), Broadway 7833 (BM); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8540). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Müll.Arg., Linnaea 32: 49 (1863) Exotic.

Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L.Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 53 (1955) Syn: Moeroris stipulata Raf. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Savannas and ditches. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Wright 10 (TRIN), Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14855); Waller Field, Adams 13600 (TRIN); Erin Savanna, Purseglove P6491 (K, TRIN). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical America and the Caribbean.

Phyllanthus subglomeratus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 304 (1804) Habit: Tree. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Valencia Road, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14864). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Guyana, French Guiana.

Phyllanthus urinaria L., Sp. Pl. 2: 982 (1753) Exotic.

Richeria grandis Vahl var. grandis, Eclog. Am. 1: 30, t. 4 (1797) Syn: Richeria olivieri Philcox Common Name : Bois Bande, Large-Leaf Bois Bande. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 75% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 50% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): Tobago: Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Snow s.n. (K). TRINIDAD: Saut d’Eau, Crueger s.n. (K); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 4404), Tucuche, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9035); Tunapuna-St. Augustine Ridge, Simmonds 216 (TRIN), Heights of Northern Range, Beard s.n. (TRIN 13672), Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, 10 m. p., Simmonds 149 (TRIN), Adams 13801 (K, TRIN), Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12821); Aripo Road, near 4 m. p., Broadway 6631 (BM, K, P). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.