Stachys recta, Linnaeus, 1767

Akçiçek, Ekrem, 2020, Taxonomic revision of Stachys sect. Olisia (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 449 (2), pp. 109-148 : 139-140

13. Stachys recta L. subsp. subcrenata (Vis.) Briq., Lab. Alp. Mar. : 257 (1893) ( Figs. 1A , 3, 8 ).

≡ S. subcrenata Vis. , Flora 12(1): 15 (1829), basionym ≡ S. recta var. subcrenata (Vis.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. : 579 (1881) = S. fragilis Vis. , Flora 12(1, Erg.): 14 (1829) = S. recta var. hyssopifolia Ten., Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 292 (1831) = S. ramosissima Rochel, Bot. Reise Banat. : 82 (1838), nom. illeg. = S. subcrenata var. angustifolia Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 2: 208 (1847) = S. subcrenata var. fragilis (Vis.) Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 2: 208 (1847) = S. subcrenata var. karstiana Borbás, Math. Term. Közlem. 14: 402 (1877) = S. recta var. fragilis (Vis.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 730 (1879) = S. recta subsp. ramosissima Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. : 579 (1881) = S. recta var. visianii Briq., Lab.Alp. Mar. : 259 (1893) = S. karstiana (Borbás) Hand. -Mazz., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 100 (1906) = S. omblae H.Lindb., Iter Austro-Hung. : 93 (1906) = S. petrogena Hand. -Mazz. & Janch., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 101 (1906) = S. fragilis f. serpentini Fiori, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 17: 640 (1910) = S. montenegrina K. Malı, Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 22: 692 (1910) = S. glandulifera Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Fl. Tirol 6(3): 187 (1912), nom. illeg. = S. recta subsp. serpentini (Fiori) Arrigoni, Inform. Bot. Ital. 12: 138 (1980 publ. 1981) = S. recta var. karstiana (Borbás) Chrtek, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 27: 182 (1992) = S. subcrenata subsp. fragilis (Vis.) Poldini, Stud. Geobot. 21: 8 (2001)

Type:― CROATIA. In collibus Dalmatia montanae, 1837, Visiani s.n. (K-000928358 available at http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000928358 [digital image!])

Description:―Suffrutescent perennial herbs, without basal rosettes of leaves. Flowering stems decumbent, branched, 10‒60 cm, sparsely and retrorsely adpressed hirsute.Cauline leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate, 0.5‒5 × 0.1‒1.2 cm, serrate to subentire at margin, acute at apex, spinescent (spine 0.5‒1 mm), attenuate to cuneate at base, sparsely and antrorsely adpressed-pilose, gradually passing into smaller sessile floral leaves. Floral leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or ovate, lower exceeding the verticillasters, upper ones equalling or slightly shorter than verticillasters, 3‒15 × 1.5‒5 mm, subentire to entire at margin, acute at apex, spinescent (spine 1‒1.5 mm), base sessile. Verticillasters 2‒7, the lower remote (1‒4 cm distant), the upper approximate, 4‒8-flowered. Bracteoles few, linear to setaceous 1‒3 mm. Pedicels 1‒1.2 mm. Calyx subbilabiate, campanulate, 7‒9 mm, sparsely and antrorsely adpressed hirsute, mouth without a ring of hairs; teeth subequal, erect, triangular-lanceolate, 2‒4 mm long, more than 1 mm broad, slightly shorter than tube, spinescent-tipped (spine 1‒1.5 mm). Corolla white, streaked and spotted with pink inside, 12‒17 mm, tube exserted, annulate; limb bilabiate, upper lip 5‒6 mm, entire, short adpressed pilose on outer surface, the lower one 3-lobed, middle lobe largest and emarginate, 6‒7 mm. Stamens 4, exserted more than half-way along upper corolla lip. Nutlets oblong-obovoid, faintly trigonous, slightly winged near base, 2.2‒2.5 × 1.8 mm, minutely reticulate-foveate, blackish-brown.

Phenology ―Flowering between May and August.

Distribution and ecology: ―Southeast Europe, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, northwest Iran, Armenia, Turkey (northwest Anatolia). Maritime sands and dunes. 0–500 m elevation.

Conservation status: ―VU [Criteria B2ab(i,ii,iv)] ( IUCN 2017). It is known from less than 10 localities, and its estimated area of occupancy is smaller than 2000 km ².

Remarks: ―An extremely varible species occuring in Central and South Europe and extending to the Caucasus. The only representative of S. recta Linnaeus (1767: 82) in Anatolia is subsp. subcrenata (Visiani) Briquet (1893: 257) , which is separated from the two other subspecies, subsp. labiosa ( Bertoloni 1844: 166) Briquet (1893: 259) (southern Europe and Western Balkan Peninsula) and subsp. recta (most of Europe, Caucasus), by its longer calyces (7‒9 mm) and oblong to linear-lanceolate, serrate to subentire cauline leaves. The closest relative of S. recta in Anatolia is S. atherocalyx K. Koch (1849: 691) , from which it is distinguished by campanulate calyx, with teeth 2‒4 mm long, triangular-lanceolate; and the verticillasters remote, only the uppermost ± approximate.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Stachys recta subsp. subcrenata (Ö. Güner 2412); B. S. atherocalyx (Akçiçek 5637); C. S. iberica subsp. iberica var. iberica (Akçiçek 5588); D. S. hakkariensis (M. Fırat 32600); E. S. sparsipilosa (Akçiçek 5598); F. S. aleurites (Akçiçek 5601); G. S. bombycina (Akçiçek 5550). Photograph D by M. Fırat.

FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Stachys angustifolia (▲), S. atherocalyx (●), S. hakkariensis (▼), S. recta subsp. subcrenata (▃) and S. sparsipilosa (⊕) in Turkey.