Spectracanthicini Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989

Armbruster, Jonathan W. & Lujan, Nathan K., 2024, New tribe-level classification of Hypostominae (Loricariidae) based on optimization of morphological states on DNA-based relationships, with descriptions of three new tribes and two new genera, Neotropical Ichthyology 22 (4), pp. e 240108-e 240108 : e240108-240108

Tribe Spectracanthicini Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989

Type-genus. Sepctracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987

Included genera.

Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989:245 . Type-species: Hypostomus niveatus Castelnau, 1855 . See Rapp Py-Daniel et al. (2011).

Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862:2 . Type-species: Ancistrus medians Kner, 1854 . See Fisch-Muller et al. (2012) and Armbruster et al. (2015).

Parancistrus Bleeker, 1862:2 . Type-species: Hypostomus aurantiacus Castelnau, 1855 . See Rapp Py-Daniel (1989) and Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon (2005). Synonym: Acanthodemus Marschall, 1873 .

Spectracanthicus Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1987:93 . Type-species: Spectracanthicus murinus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987 . See Rapp Py-Daniel (1989) and Chamon, Rapp Py-Daniel (2014).

Phylogenetic diagnosis. Posterior region of hyomandibula deflected mesially causing opercle to sit at almost right angle to main body axis (42:1), opercle not supporting odontodes (79:1), and curved anterolateral processes of basipterygium that meet or nearly meet at midline (167:0).

Comparative diagnosis. Spectracanthicini cannot be separated from all other hypostomines as a group. Baryancistrus , ‘ B. ’ beggini , ‘ B. ’ demantoides , Parancistrus , and Spectracanthicus can be separated from all except ‘ Spectracanthicus ’ immaculatus of the Peckoltini by having a fully adnate dorsal fin and a posterior extension of the dorsalfin membrane that reaches either the adipose fin or at least two plates posterior to the insertion of the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray ( vs. posterior dorsal-fin membrane maximally extending one plate from the insertion of the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray and never reaching adipose fin); all of these except ‘ B ’. beggini can be separated from ‘ S. ’ immaculatus by having light spots ( vs. solid gray or black). Hemiancistrus medians can be separated from all other hypostomines except the Acanthicini by having all odontodes on the head and lateral plates arranged in lines ( vs. scattered) and from the Acanthicini by having many very small odontodes in lines ( vs. very few, fairly large odontodes) and by having seven dorsal-fin rays ( vs. eight to 10). Some Baryancistrus , ‘ B. ’ demantoides , ‘ H. ’ guahiborum , and ‘ H. ’ subviridis can be separated from most other Hypostominae by having a light-colored (white, yellow, or orange) margin to the dorsal fin.