Serianus maritimus, Mahnert, 2014

Mahnert, Volker, 2014, Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Revue suisse de Zoologie 121 (2), pp. 135-210 : 172-183

Serianus maritimus sp. n. Figs 44-48

HOLOTYPE: MHNG; 3; Fernandina : Cabo Hammond, sea cliff spraying, 5.IV.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-207).

PARATYPES: Fernandina : MHNG; 1♀; Cabo Hammond, sea cliff spraying, 5.IV.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-207) . – Pinta : MHNG; 53 7♀ 2T; Cabo Ibbetson, sea cliff spraying, 16.III.1992, leg. S. Peck & J. Cook (92-49) . – San Cristobal: MHNG; 13; 3 km N Wreck Bay, Cerro Tijeritas , 0 m, sea cliff spraying, 20.III.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-38) . – Santa Cruz : MHNG; 23; 16 km E CDRS, 1 m, littoral, sea cliff spraying, 9.VI.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-168) . – Santa Fé : MHNG; 23; sea cliff spraying, 5.IV.1989, leg. S. Peck (89-182) . – Isla Wolf : MHNG; 1♀; arid zone, 75 m, Croton forest, hand collecting, 11.V.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-171).

ETYMOLOGY: Latin adjective means “belonging to the sea” or “of the sea”.

DIAGNOSIS: Chaetotaxy of half-tergites I 3-4 (13 2/3, 13 2/2), II 3-4 (13 2/2, 13 2/3), III 3-4, IV-X 5-6 (rarely 4), femur with a dorsal tactile seta proximal of middle, 2.7-3.2 times longer than broad (length 0.33-0.45 mm), patella 2.2-2.5 times, club 1.6-1.9 times, hand with pedicel 1.7-6 times, chela with pedicel 2.8-3.1 times, without pedicel 2.6-2.9 times longer than broad, finger 1.2-1.3 times longer than hand with pedicel and 1.27-1.46 times longer than breadth of hand; arolia divided in distal third, indistinctly longer than smooth claws.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS: Carapace and pedipalps reddish brown, tergites brown. Carapace with a median transverse furrow, posterior margin distinctly rounded, with a unsclerotized basal zone, 4 large corneate eyes, anterior eyes about half their diameter from anterior margin, 18 setae (4/6/4/4). Tergites I-VII small (partly indistinctly divided), VIII-IX partly divided, XI undivided; chaetotaxy of half-tergites I 3-4 (13 2/3, 13 2/2), II 3-4 (13 2/2, 13 2/3), III 3-4, IV-X 5-6 (rarely 4), tergite XI 7-9 (4 tactile setae); manducatory process with 2 marginal and 1 discal setae; pedipalpal coxa itself normally with 7 (up to 9) setae, coxa I 3-6, II 5-6, III 4-5, IV 4-5. Anterior genital operculum with 8-9 central marginal setae, lateral genital sacs (3) with short enlarged apical part, median sac not observed, ♀ with a small, irregularly shaped median cribrate plate, distinctly smaller lateral cribrate plates oval; sternites entirely or partly divided, X/XI mostly undivided; chaetotaxy of half-sternites III/IV 3-4+3 suprastigmal setae/3-4+1 suprastigmal seta, V-X mainly 4-6, XI (total) 7-8 (4 tactile setae); 3 (Fig. 46): sternite VI in middle with 4-6 glandular setae (arranged frequently nearly in a transverse row), VII 4-7 (semi-circular arrangement), VIII 0-4; ♀: VI-VII(VIII) with a pair of discal and slightly modified (glandular?) setae; anal cone 2+2. Pleural membrane finely striate, without setae.

FIGS 44-48

Serianus maritimus sp. n., 3 holotype (unless indicated otherwise). (44) Right chelicera of ♀, with galea and rallum enlarged. (45). Left pedipalp. (46) Sternites VI-VIII. (47) Left leg I. (48) Left leg IV. Scale unit 0.1 mm.

Chelicera (Fig. 44): hand with 5 long setae, fixed finger with 4-5 retrorse teeth and 1-2 subapical granula, lamina exterior very small; movable finger with a broad tooth-like subapical lobe, galea with a long apical fork and one long lateral branch near middle; serrula exterior with 18-19 lamellae, rallum with 4 setae, distal one dentate, basal one shorter.

Pedipalps (Fig. 45) smooth, femur with a dorsal tactile seta proximal of middle, 2.7-3.2 timeslongerthanbroad, patella 2.2-2.5 times, club 1.6-1.9 times, handwith pedicel 1.7-1.8 times, chelawithpedicel 2.8-3.1 times, withoutpedicel 2.6-2.9 times longerthanbroad, finger 1.2-1.3 timeslongerthanhandwithpediceland 1.27-1.46 times longer than breadth of hand; fixed finger with 16-21 acute teeth (a few basal ones larger and rounded), 4-5 modified sensory setae near trichobothrium et, movable finger with 15-20 teeth (a few basal ones rounded), venom ducts very short; trichobothria (Fig. 45): ib on distal dorsum of hand, ib / isb / ist closely grouped at level of eb / esb, only et in distal half of finger; trichobothrium st above or indistinctly proximal to sb on movable finger.

LegI (Fig. 47): femur 1.3-1.5 times, patella 1.7-2.2 longerthandeepand 1.6-1.8 timeslongerthanfemur, suturebetweenthemoblique; tibia 3.0-3.6 times, basitarsus 1.6-1.8 times, telotarsus 2.5-3.1 timeslongerthandeep, telotarsus 1.4-1.6 times longerthanbasitarsus; legIV: femur+patella 2.9-3.1 (3) (♀: 3.1-3.4) times, tibia 3.8-4.2 times, basitarsus 1.9-2.1 times, telotarsus 3.0-3.6 timeslongerthandeep, telotarsus 1.3-1.5 times longer than basitarsus, basitarsus with one basal tactile seta (TS=0.18-0.27), chaetotaxy: TS+1/1/1 (paired), aroliadividedindistalthird, indistinctly longer than smooth claws.

MEASUREMENTS of 6 3 (Fernandina, Pinta, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe) (4♀; Fernandina, Pinta, Wolf): Totallength 1.8-2.0 (2.0-2.5). Carapace: 0.45- 0.55/0.32-0.36 (0.49-0.53/0.34-0.39). Pedipalps: trochanter 0.19-0.22/0.11-0.12 (0.20- 0.25/0.11-0.12), femur 0.33-0.41/0.12-0.14 (0.33-0.45/0.11-0.15), patella 0.33- 0.39/0.14-0.17 (0.33-0.44/0.14-0.17), handwithpedicel 0.33-0.41/0.19-0.24 (0.33- 0.43/0.19-0.25), lengthofpedicel 0.04-0.06 (0.05-0.08), offinger 0.26-0.31 (0.25- 0.33), ofchelawithpedicel 0.57-0.69 (0.56-0.74). LegI: femur 0.08-0.11/0.06-0.07 (0.08-0.11/0.07), patella 0.14-0.17/0.07-0.08 (0.13-0.18/0.08-0.09), tibia 0.15- 0.18/0.05-0.06 (0.15-0.21/0.04-0.06), basitarsus 0.07-0.08/0.04 (0.07-0.08/0.04-0.05), telotarsus 0.10-0.12/0.04 (0.09-0.12/0.04-0.05); legIV: femur+patella 0.33-0.41/0.11- 0.14 (0.34-0.45/0.11-0.14), tibia 0.24-0.29/0.07-0.08 (0.23-0.31/0.06-0.08), basitarsus 0.09-0.10/0.05 (0.09-0.11/0.05), telotarsus 0.12-0.15/0.04 (0.13-0.16/0.04-0.05).

DESCRIPTION OF TRITONYMPH: Similar to adults in most morphological characters; chaetotaxy of half-tergites: I-III 3, IV-X 4-5; sternites VI-VIII with a medianpairofthinnerdiscalsetae; femur 2.9 times (0.33/0.12), patella 2.4 times (0.33/0.14), handwithpedicel 1.6 times (0.33/0.20), chelawithpedicel 2.9 times, without pedicel 2.7 times longer than broad, length of pedicel of hand 0.04 mm, of finger 0.28 mm, of chela with pedicel 0.59 mm. Leg IV: femur+patella 2.9 times (0.34/0.12), tibia 3.4 times (0.24/0.07), basitarsus 1.9 times (0.09/0.05), telotarsus 0.12/0.04) timeslongerthandeep.

REMARKS: Serianus maritimus sp. n. is related to the species possessing on the male sternites VI-VII a group of 4 or more modified glandular setae. It belongs to a group of small-sized species (length of pedipalpal femur about 0.35-0.40 mm), which possess a long apically forked galea with a long lateral branch near the middle, which have most of the trichobothria placed near the base of the fixed chelal finger, and in which trichobothrium ib is even placed on the hand dorsum: S. carolinensis Muchmore, 1968 from North Carolina and Florida, USA, S. minutus ( Banks, 1908) from Texas, USA, S. dolosus Hoff, 1956 from New Mexico, USA, and perhaps also S. gratus Hoff, 1964 from Jamaica, Belize and Florida ( USA). The new species differs from all other Serianus species by the short arolia which are barely longer than the claws, whereas in other species the arolia are about twice as long as the claws; furthermore the arolia of the new species are only divided for about one third of their length, whereas in other species they are divided for about half their total length. Serianus maritimus sp. n. can furthermore be distinguished from the other species recorded from the Galapagos archipelago by the higher number of marginal setae on tergites I/II (normally 3 vs. 1-2) and on the following ones (3-5 vs. 2-3), and by its small size (length of femur 0.33-0.41 mm vs. 0.40-0.62 mm; length of chela 0.56- 0.77 mm vs. 0.77-1.12 mm).

This species inhabits almost exclusively the tidal zone (except the specimen collected on Isla Wolf) and can be considered as halophile. The two specimens from Fernandina are slightly smaller than the other specimens (length of femur 0.33 mm (3♀) vs. 0.36-0.41 mm (3) or 0.43-0.45 mm (♀ )), but these differences might not be significant in view of the small number of specimens examined .

GARYPIDAE

Garypus granosus sp. n. Figs 49-54

HOLOTYPE: RBINS; 3; Santa Cruz : Bahia Tortuga (laguna), sol sablonneux, 14.III.1986, leg L. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender (B.86/112)

PARATYPES: Fernandina : MHNG; 63 17♀ 10T 2D; Cabo Hammond, 1 m, sea cliff spraying, 12.V.1991, leg. S. & J. Peck (91-131) . – MHNG; 1♀ 1T; Cabo Hammond , sea cliff spraying, 5.IV.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-207) . – Isabela : MHNG; 1♀; Volcan Alcedo, littoral, 1-3.V.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-77) . – MHNG; 23 1T; Villamil , spraying intertidal rocks, 6.III.1989, leg. S. Peck (89-106) . – Pinta : MHNG; 33 2D 3P; Cabo Ibbetson, sea cliff spraying, 16.III.1992, leg. S. Peck & J. Cook (92-49) . – Rabida : MHNG; 23 1♀ 1T; NE coast, 1 m, sea cliff spraying, 10.VI.1991, leg. S. Peck (91-223) . – San Cristobal: MHNG; 63 10♀ 15T 4D; 3 km N Wreck Bay, Cerro Tijeritas , 0 m, sea cliff spraying, 20.III.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-38) . – Santa Cruz : RBINS / MHNG (23 3♀); 73 11♀; Bahia Tortuga (laguna), sol sablonneux, 14.III.1986 , leg L. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender (B.86/112). – MHNG; 33 1♀ 2T; 16 km E CDRS, 1 m, littoral, sea cliff spraying, 9.VI.1996, leg. S. Peck (96-168) . – Santa Fé : MHNG; 13 1T; sea cliff spraying, 5.IV.1989, leg. S. Peck (89-182).

ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin adjective granosus , meaning “possessing many grains” or “full of grains”.

DIAGNOSIS (based on specimens from Santa Cruz): Member of the group of species having the tarsal articulation transverse on leg IV, or nearly so ( Lee, 1979); metazone of carapace and tergites with reticulated sculpture and tiny, sharp granula as part of the exocuticle; pleural membrane without setae; rallum with 3 setae; 3 trichobothria in distal half of fixed finger, it much nearer to et than to est; on movable finger st distinctly nearer to sb than to t; pedipalps slender, femur 4.7-5.6 times (♀ 4.6-5.0) (length 1.43-1.54/ ♀ 1.55-1.67 mm), patella 3.7-4.0 (♀ 4.0-4.3) times (1.21-1.27/ ♀ FIGS 49-54

Garypus granosus sp. n., 3 holotype (unless indicated otherwise). (49) Right chelicera, with galea (total scale 0.05 mm) and rallum enlarged. (50) Left pedipalp, granulation and setae of chela omitted. (51) Trichobothrial pattern. (52) Basi-/telotarsus IV, with suture region enlarged. (53) Sternites II/III. (54) Median and right lateral cribrate plates of ♀. Scale units 0.1 mm, unless indicated otherwise.

1.24-1.37 mm), chela with pedicel 4.6-4.9 (♀ 4.0-4.3) times (2.45-2.67/ ♀ 2.66- 2.85 mm) longer than broad.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS: Carapace and tergites brown, carapace along the subbasal transverse furrow lighter than the adjacent areas, pedipalps yellowish brown,

chela indistinctly darker than other segments. Carapace 1.2-1.3 times longer than broad, 4 large eyes present, longitudinal depression of cucullus reaching to posterior eyes, median transverse furrow only laterally distinguishable, subbasal transverse furrow distinct, between subbasal furrow and posterior margin a darker zone due to presence of sharp dark granula, the transverse furrow reticulated and with tiny, rasplike granula, setae short and smooth, 4 + 1/1 preocular setae on anterior and 6 on posterior margin. Tergites I and XI entire, II incompletely divided, III-X divided, I with dark posterior margin, the following ones along posterior margin with light zone, their anterior surface reticulated with sharp tiny granula, posterior half-tergites partly ctenoid-scaly sculptured. Half-tergites I-III with 3-4 (♀ 2-3) short marginal setae, IV-X with 4-5, VII-X with a supplementary lateral anterior seta, XI 8-9 (2 discal setae); manducatory process basally granular, 3 marginal and 1 discal setae, pedipalpal coxa itself granular, about 13-19 setae (1 tactile seta), coxa I 7-11, II 8-10, III 10-14, IV 12-15 (♀ 15-23); anterior genital operculum (3) with a median concave margin, about 27-30 discal and marginal setae, that of ♀ with about 15-16 medial marginal and discal setae (Fig. 53); male genital opening with 4-5/4-5 internal setae, genital organ: lateral sacs with terminal enlargement, ♀ with a large median cribrate and small lateral plates (Fig. 54), sternite III with several slit-organs behind genital opening, half-sternite III 4-5 setae, IV 4-5, suprastigmal setae absent, V-X mainly 4-5, VIII-X with a supplementary lateral seta, XI 2-4. Pleural membranes with star-like granula. Anal cone 2+2 setae.

Chelicera (Fig. 49): palm with 5 long smooth setae, fixed finger with 4 retrorse teeth and 2 subapical granula, movable finger with a cone-like subapical tooth, subapical seta short; galea slender, with 3 apical and 2-3 subapical branchlets; rallum with 3 serrate setae, serrula exterior with 24-26, serrula interior with 20-22 lamellae.

Pedipalps of 3 (♀) (Figs 50-51): densely and finely granular, trochanter with a broad dorsal hump, 1.7-1.8 (1.7-1.9) times longer than broad, femur 4.7-5.6 (4.6-5.0) times, patella 3.7-4.0 (3.5-3.7) times, hand with pedicel 2.0-2.1 (1.8-1.9) times, chela with pedicel 4.6-4.9 (4.0-4.3) times, without pedicel 4.4-4.7 (3.8-4.1) times longer than broad, fingers not gaping, 1.3-1.5 (1.4) times longer than hand with pedicel; entire fixed finger and basal two-thirds of movable finger granular; fixed finger with 84-98 (86-90), movable finger with 74-86 (75-79) teeth (broader and lower than those of fixed finger); movable finger with a row of about 11-21 lanceolate setae near trichobothrium t, 5-8 stout microsetae near b (Fig. 51). Trichobothria (Fig. 51): fixed finger with a basal group of 5 trichobothria, in distal half est, it and et, it distinctly nearer to et than to est; movable finger with st in proximal half, nearer to sb than to t. Short venom ducts present in both fingers, nodus ramosus proximal of t or it.

Leg I: femur 3.5-4.1 (3.6-3.9) times longer than deep and 1.6-1.7 (3♀) times longer than patella, patella 2.1-2.4 (2.2-2.3) times, tibia 4.1-4.5 (4.2-4.6) times, basitarsus 3.6-3.9 (3.4-3.7) times, telotarsus 3.7-4.5 (3.9-4.1) times longer than deep; basitarsus 1.0-1.1 (3♀) times longer than telotarsus; leg IV (Fig. 52): femur+patella finely granular, 4.1-4.9 (4.3-4.9) times, tibia 6.2-6.8 (6.1-7.0) times, basitarsus 3.7-4.2 (3.4- 3.7) times, telotarsus 3.4-4.5 (3.9-4.1) times longer than deep, basitarsus 1.1-1.3 (3♀) times longer than telotarsus, tarsal articulation transverse or nearly so; smooth claws longer than the simple arolium.

MEASUREMENTS of 4 3 (3♀) (SantaCruz): Totallength 3.9-4.5 (4.5-5.5). Carapace 1.12-1.17/0.91-1.16 (1.21-1.33/1.03-1.05). Pedipalps: trochanter 0.60- 0.62/0.33-0.36 (0.64-0.67/0.36-0.40), femur 1.43-1.54/0.30-0.31 (1.55-1.67/0.32- 0.34), patella 1.21-1.27/0.31-0.33 (1.24-1.37/0.35-0.37), handwithpedicel 1.11- 1.13/0.53-0.57 (1.17-1.28/0.62-0.69), lengthofpedicel 0.14-0.15 (0.17-0.18), offinger 1.44-1.68 (1.60-1.75), ofchelawithpedicel 2.45-2.67 (2.66-2.85). LegI: femur 0.57- 0.61/0.15-0.17 (0.63-0.70/0.17-0.18), patella 0.35-0.37/0.15-0.17 (0.39-0.41/0.17- 0.18), tibia 0.48-0.51/0.11-0.12 (0.51-0.55/0.12), basitarsus 0.33-0.35/0.09 (0.34- 0.38/0.10), telotarsus 0.31-0.34/0.07-0.09 (0.34/0.08-0.09); legIV: femur+patella 1.17-1.23/0.24-0.28 (1.24-1.37/0.26-0.30), tibia 0.86-0.88/0.13-0.14 (0.91-0.99/0.13- 0.15), basitarsus 0.40-0.45/0.11 (0.47-0.48/0.11-0.12), telotarsus 0.35-0.38/0.10-0.11 (0.38-0.39/0.11-0.12).

Specimens from the islands of Pinta and Rabida (5 3 1 ♀ examined in detail) are similar in proportions and measurements to those from Santa Cruz, but have a higher number of internal setae of the genital opening (8-12 on each side), 19-24 (13 with 9) lanceolate setae on the movable chelal finger near trichobothrium t and 27-30 lamellae in the serrula exterior. One male from Rabida was slightly smaller than those fromSantaCruz: pedipalpalfemur 1.33/ 0.28 mm, patella 1.09/0.29, handwithpedicel 0.98/0.52, lengthofchela 2.38, finger 1.48 mm .

San Cristobal (23 1♀): Serrula exterior of chelicera with 28 lamellae; 3 genital openingwith 7/8 internalsetae; pedipalps: femur 4.9-5.1 (♀ 4.9) times (1.54-1.58 mm / 0.31-0.32 mm; ♀ 1.92/0.39), patella 3.8-4.2 (♀ 3.7) times (1.26-1.34/0.32-0.33; ♀ 1.52/0.41), handwithpedicel 2.1-2.2 (♀ 1.60) times (1.13-1.17/0.53-0.54; ♀ 1.32/ 0.82), chelawithpedicel 4.9-5.3 (♀ 4.10) times (length 2.67-2.81 mm; ♀ 3.38), withoutpedicel 5.1 (♀ 3.90) times (length 2.70; ♀ 3.21 mm); lengthoffinger 1.60- 1.75 (♀ 2.20) mm. These proportions probably fall within the range of intraspecific variability.

Specimens from Santa Fé (1 3), Fernandina (13 4♀) and Isabela (1 ♀) are distinctly smaller than those from other islands, but of identical proportions. Serrula exteriorofchelicerawith 25-27 lamellae. Pedipalps : femur 4.2-4.5 (♀ 4.0-4.4) times (1.13-1.28/0.27-0.28; ♀ 1.14-1.23/0.28-0.29), patella 3.4-3.6 (♀ 3.1-3.4) times (0.96- 1.07/0.28-0.29; ♀ 0.97-1.08/0.30-0.34), handwithpedicel 1.8-2.0 (♀ 1.6-1.8) times (0.90-0.95/0.48-0.49; ♀ 0.91-1.03/0.53-0.65), chelawithpedicel 4.1-4.7 (♀ 3.5-3.9) times (length 1.97-2.28; ♀ 2.07-2.31), lengthoffinger 1.12-1.41 (♀ 1.24-1.36) .

DESCRIPTION OF TRITONYMPH (1 specimen, Santa Cruz). Pedipalps: femur not measured, patella 3.4 times (0.97 mm / 0.28 mm), handwithpedicel 2.0 times (0.95/0.47), chelawithpedicel 4.7 times (length 2.21 mm), finger 1.4 timeslongerthan hand with pedicel, length 1.53 mm. Movable chelal finger: 10 stout microsetae near b, 19 lanceolate setae near t. Half-tergites I /II with 2 setae, III 3, IV-X 4 .

TRITONYMPH (1 specimen, SantaFé): Pedipalps: femur 4.3 times (1.08 mm / 0.25 mm), patella 3.9 times (0.90/0.25), handwithpedicel 1.8 times (0.87/0.47), chela with pedicel 4.2 times (1.97 mm), without pedicel 4.0 times (1.87 mm) longer than broad, finger 1.4 times longer than hand with pedicel, length 1.18 mm. Movable chelal finger: 6 stout microsetae near b, 16 lanceolate setae near t.

TRITONYMPH (1 specimen, Fernandina): Pedipalps: femur 4.0 times (0.84/0.21), patella 3.3 times (0.74/0.23), hand with pedicel 1.9 times (0.72/0.38), chela with pedicel 4.1 times (length 1.54 mm), without pedicel 3.9 times (1.47 mm) longer than broad, finger 1.2 times longer than hand with pedicel, length 0.89 mm; telotarsi basally swollen (as in tritonymphs from other islands).

TRITONYMPH (1 specimen, San Cristobal): Pedipalps : femur 4.3 times (1.21 mm / 0.28 mm), patella 3.3 times (1.04/0.32), hand with pedicel 1.8 times (0.98/0.54), chela with pedicel 4.3 times (length 2.34 mm) longer than broad, finger 1.46 times longer than hand with pedicel, length 1.44 mm .

DESCRIPTION OF DEUTONYMPHS (2 specimens, Pinta; 1 specimen, San Cristobal): Pedipalps: femur 3.9-4.1 times (0.76-0.92/0.20-0.22), patella 3.1-3.4 times (0.70-0.76/0.21-0.25), hand with pedicel 1.9-2.0 times (0.68-0.77/0.34-0.40), chela with pedicel 4.2-4.4 times longer than broad (length 1.52-1.69 mm), finger 1.3 times longer than hand with pedicel, length 0.91-1.02 mm; teeth of chelal fingers: 65/52; 20 lanceolate setae near t on movable finger, 7 stout microsetae near b; chelicera with 5 setae; telotarsi basally swollen. Half-tergite I with 1 seta, II-III 2, following with 3 setae ;

DESCRIPTION OF PROTONYMPH (1 specimen, Pinta): Pedipalps: femur 4.0 times (0.58/0.15), patella 3.1 times (0.49/0.17), hand with pedicel 1.9 times (0.49/0.26), chela with pedicel 4.4 times (length 1.13 mm), finger 1.3 times longer than hand with pedicel, length 0.65 mm. All half-tergites with 1 seta only, teeth of chelal fingers 54/39; chelicera with 4 setae (sb absent), galea with 3 apical/subapical branchlets, subgaleal seta absent.

REMARKS: Garypus granosus sp. n. belongs to the group with a tarsal articulation of leg IV transverse, or nearly so, as defined by Lee (1979), and is distinguishable from G. gracilis Lee, 1979 by its granular (not reticulate) pedipalps, smaller size and somewhat more slender pedipalpal chela; from G. sini Chamberlin, 1923 by its more slender pedipalps (e.g. femur 3.3 times vs. 4.5-5.6 times longer than broad), from G. giganteus Chamberlin, 1921 (all three from western coast of Mexico) by its lesser size and tergal sculpturing. Garypus bonairensis Beier, 1936 (and subspecies) (Wagenaar- Hummelinck, 1948) from the Caribbean islands is distinguished by its contrasted coloration and slightly bigger size, and by a more pronounced sexual dimorphism in size. Garypus floridensis Banks, 1895 (from Florida) ( Hoff, 1946) has similar pedipalpal proportions and measurements, but differs from G. granosus sp. n. by shorter chelal fingers (only as long as hand with pedicel, and carapace distinctly shorter than femur), as opposed to being distinctly longer than the hand with pedicel and carapace as long as the femur in G. granosus sp. n.). Garypus viridans Banks, 1909 from Colombia (Santa Marta) is only known from a single tritonymph ( Muchmore, 1991) which differs from that of G. granosus sp. n. in being larger (e.g. pedipalpal femur 1.34 mm vs. 0.84-1.21 mm) and having more slender pedipalps (e.g. femur 5.05 vs. 4.0-4.3 times longer than broad).

This species and its populations on different islands would be a highly interesting subject for genetic population studies to clarify dispersal routes and the taxonomic status of its populations.

CHEIRIDIIDAE

Cryptocheiridium confundens sp. n. Figs 55-59

HOLOTYPE: RBINS; 3; Pinzon: Western side forest, 20.I.1974, leg. S. Jacquemart (33).

PARATYPES: Champion , NE Floreana: MHNG; 13; arid zone, litter sifting, cactus, 22.IV.1992, leg. S. Peck (92-136) . – Espanola: MHNG; 43 5♀ 5T; Punta Suarez , 10 m, litter under bushes in seabird rookery, 10.VI.1985, leg. S. & J. Peck (85-187) . – MHNG; 13 2♀; Punta Suarez , 30 m, shrub litter, 29.IV.1992, leg. S. Peck (92-144) . – Fernandina: MHNG; 33 1♀ 1D; 5 km NE Cabo Hammond, 120 m, crater bottom litter, Cerro Verde , 10.V.1991, leg. S. Peck (91-127) . – Isabela: MHNG; 13; Punta Garcia, north of Volcan Alcedo , dry zone, 20 m, under Scalesia affinis ; decayed leaf litter and soil, 21.II.1987, leg. H. Schatz (87-G065) . – Pinzon : RBINS; 13; western side forest, 20.I.1974, leg. S. Jacquemart (33) . – RBINS (1T 1D)/ MHNG (131♀); eastern slope with Croton and Prosopis , 20.I.1974, leg. S. Jacquemart (34) . – Santa Cruz: RBINS; 1T; CDRS, bord de la mer, 10.I.1974, leg. S. Jacquemart (7) . – CDRS; 1♀; Scalesia zone, soil sample, Berlese , 21.V.1986, leg. S. Abedrabbo. – MHNG; 73 14♀ 9T 2D; south-eastern part, Punta Roca fuerte, arid coast, Cordia litter, 7.V.1992, leg. S. Peck (92-161) . – South Plazas : MHNG; 33; arid shrubs and succulents, in litter, 6.V.1992, leg. S. Peck (92-162).

OTHER SPECIMENS: Isabela: 1P; Punta Garcia, north Volcan Alcedo , dry zone, 20 m, decayed leaf litter and soil, under Scalesia affinis , 21.II.1987, leg. H. Schatz (87-701) . – Pinzon : RBINS; 3D; top of island, 20.I.1974, leg. S. Jacquemart (32B) . – Santiago: 1♀ 2T 1D; southern side, opposite of Sombrero Chino , dry zone, 5 m, under dead Cryptocarpus pyriformis tree, woody litter, 21.II.1987, leg. H. Schatz (87-691) . – Sombrero Chino : 1T 1D; northern part, littoral zone, 5 m, under Sesuvium edmonstonei , decayed leaf litter with pieces of wood and sand, 21.II.1987, leg. H. Schatz (87-688).

ETYMOLOGY: The name is the present participle of the Latin verb confundere, meaning “to confound, to confuse”.

DIAGNOSIS: The new species is characterized by trichobothria b and t being distinctly separated (by at least 2 areolar diameters), by the relatively slender pedipalps (femur 3.0-3.3 times, patella 2.1-2.4 times, hand with pedicel 1.4-1.5 times, chela with pedicel 2.7-2.8 times longer than broad) and by its size (lengths of femur 3 0.22-0.24, ♀ 0.25-0.27 mm, patella 3 0.21-0.22, ♀ 0.22-0.24 mm, chela 3 0.35-0.38, ♀ 0.37- 0.39 mm); ten tergites visible dorsally.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS: Strongly sclerotized species. Setae on carapace, pedipalps and tergites curved, with a small tooth on convex side and enveloped by a thin transparent cover (Fig. 57). Carapace (Fig. 55) broader than long, two globular eyes present, coarse granula connected by ridges, a distinct, laterally procurved transverse furrow present, no lateral humps in prozone (but some acute lateral granula), metazone without, or with very indistinct, lateral depressions, round median depression of metazone not in contact with transverse furrow, but touching posterior margin, posterior margin with protruding granula; 4 setae on anterior, 8-10 setae on posterior margin. Ten tergites visible from above, all distinctly divided, sculptured like carapace, with protruding granula on posterior margins; half-tergites I-III 4-7 setae, IV-X 7-8 marginal setae + 1 lateral seta, segment XI with 2-4 dorsal setae. Manducatory process with 2 marginal (1 suboral seta) and 1 discal setae, pedipalpal coxa itself granular, 6-8 setae, coxa I 4, II 4 (7), III 4-6, IV undivided, but with a flat median incurvation, 5-6 setae on each coxa. Anterior genital operculum of 3 (Fig. 56) with 15-18 setae (6 tiny marginal and 9-12 normal discal setae), that of ♀ with 2 sclerotized plates, each bearing 4 setae; male genital organ apparently without distinctive charac- FIGS 55-59

Cryptocheiridium confundens sp. n., 3 holotype. (55) Carapace. (56) Genital region. (57) Left pedipalp, setae omitted on chelal fingers. (58) Trichobothrial pattern. (59) Leg IV. Scale units 0.1 mm.

ters, lateral sacs long, distal two-thirds enlarged and wrinkled; female with a pair of small cribrate plates. Sternites V-X divided, sternite III 8-13 setae (2-5 medial short discal setae), without suprastigmal setae, IV 10-12 + 0/1 suprastigmal setae, halfsternites V-X with 5-6 marginal setae and one lateral seta each on VII-X, VI/VII with dark median sclerotization, segment XI with ventral 2 setae.

Chelicera: hand with 4 smooth setae, fixed finger with 3 retrorse teeth and 2 granular ones, movable finger with a small, triangular, distal lobe, galea short and acute in male, with 3 apical branchlets in female, serrula exterior with 10-11 lamellae, rallum of 4 setae, distal one sail-like, 2 nd and 4 th of equal length and shorter than 3 rd.

Pedipalps (Figs 57-58) covered by coarse, acute granula; trochanter 1.4-1.7 times longer than broad, femur abruptly enlarged and shouldered, lateral face concave in basal third, 3.0-3.3 times, patella 2.1-2.4 times, club 1.9 times, hand with pedicel 1.4-1.5 times longer than broad and 1.1-1.3 times longer than finger, chela with pedicel 2.7-2.8 times, without pedicel 2.5-2.7 times longer than broad; fixed finger with 14-17 teeth (distal ones acute, basal ones lower) almost reaching to est, movable finger with 12-16 retrorse low, broad teeth, almost reaching to t; venom ducts not observed; trichobothria (Fig. 58): 7 on fixed finger (4 antiaxial, 3 paraxial), all trichobothria placed in basal half of fixed finger, without separation of a distal from a basal group; on movable finger t distinctly distal to b (separated by about 2 areolar diameters) and at same horizontal level.

LegI (3♀): femur+patellawithoutsuture, 2.9-3.5 times, tibia 2.7-3.3 times, tarsus 4.1-4.8 timeslongerthandeep; legIV (Fig. 59): femur+patella 3.6-3.9 (3) (♀ 3.9-4.3) times, tibia 3.6-4.2 (3) (♀ 3.7-4.9) times, tarsus 5.4-5.6 (3) (♀ 5.4-5.7) times longer than deep; arolia undivided, as long as smooth claws.

MEASUREMENTS of 5 3 (holotype, paratypes from Champion, Duncan, Santa Cruz, SouthPlazas ) (2 ♀, Espanola , SantaCruz ): Totallength 0.88-0.98. Carapace 0.24-0.27/0.34-0.35 (♀ 0.28/0.38-0.40). Pedipalps : trochanter 0.12-0.13/0.08-0.09 (♀ 0.13-0.15/0.08-0.09), femur 0.22-0.24/0.08 (♀ 0.25-0.27/0.08), patella 0.21- 0.22/0.09 (0.22-0.24/0.10-0.11), handwithpedicel 0.19-0.21/0.13-0.14 (♀ 0.20- 0.21/0.14-0.15), lengthofpedicel 0.02 (♀ 0.03), lengthoffinger 0.16-0.18 (♀ 0.17- 0.19), lengthofchelawithpedicel 0.35-0.38 (♀ 0.37-0.39), withoutpedicel 0.33-0.36 (♀ 0.34-0.37). LegI: femur+patella 0.15-0.16/0.04-0.05 (♀ 0.16-0.18/0.05-0.06), tibia 0.11-0.12/0.04 (♀ 0.12-0.13/0.04), tarsus 0.11-0.12/0.03 (♀ 0.11-0.14/0.03); legIV: femur+patella 0.20-0.21/0.05-0.06 (♀ 0.22-0.25/0.06), tibia 0.15-0.17/0.04 (♀ 0.16- 0.17/0.04), tarsus 0.14-0.16/0.03 (♀ 0.22-0.25/0.03) .

DESCRIPTION OF TRITONYMPH (1 specimen, Santa Cruz): Generally similar to female. Total length 0.81 mm; carapace 0.7 times longer than broad, 4 setae on anterior, 6 on posterior margin; half-tergites I/II 4 setae, III 6, IV-X 6-7 + a small lateral seta, XI 4; manducatory process 3 setae, pedipalpal coxa 4, coxa I-III 4, IV 4-5; sternite II with 2 median marginal setae, half-sternites III 3+0, IV 2+1, V-VII 4, VIII-X 4-5+1 lateral seta, sternite XI 2. Chelicera as in ♀, except serrula exterior with 9 lamellae. Pedipalps: femur 2.8 timeslongerthanbroad (0.21/ 0.08 mm), patella 2.2 times (0.19/0.08), handwithpedicel 1.6 times (0.19/0.09) longerthanbroadand 1.2 times longer than finger, finger length 0.16 mm, length of chela with pedicel 2.9 times (0.35 mm), without pedicel 2.8 times longer than broad (0.33 mm); both fingers with 13 teeth each; trichobothria: 7 (4 anti-, 3 paraxialones)+2. LegIV: femur+patella 3.7 times (0.18/ 0.05 mm), tibia 3.3 times (0.13/0.04), tarsus 3.9 times (0.13/0.03) longerthan deep.

REMARKS: The presence of 9 trichobothria (7+2) on the chelal fingers and of 4 setae in the rallum, along with the shape of the carapace (lateral humps absent or indistinct in anterior half), the presence of protruding granula on posterior margin of carapace and anterior tergites, and the stout pedipalps place this species in the genus Cryptocheiridium . Presently 11 species are recognized in the genus Cryptocheiridium , most of them distributed in Africa and eastern Asia. Only two species are recorded from the Neotropical realm: C. elegans Dumitresco & Orghidan, 1981 (from Cuba, placed in the subgenus Cubanocheiridium) and C. antiquum Schawaller, 1981 from Dominican amber. The new species is distinguished from C. elegans , as well as from most African species, by the positions of trichobothria t and b, which are in the basal third of the movable finger and clearly separated (by about 2 areolar diameters), whereas they are near the finger base and close together in confundens sp. n. Cryptocheiridium antiquum shares with C. confundens sp. n. a similar trichobothrial pattern of the movable finger, but apparently possesses only 6 trichobothria on the fixed finger (2 paraxial ones only); furthermore it seems to be smaller (e.g. femur length 0.16-0.20 mm) andhasslightlystouterpedipalps (e.g. patella 1.8-2.1 timesvs. 2.1-2.4 times longer than broad). Cheiridium insulare Vitali-di Castri, 1984 from Guadeloupe might belong to the genus Cryptocheiridium . This opinion has been confirmed by Dr Mark Judson who had examined the holotype mounted on two slides and annotated “ Cryptocheiridium (MJ det. 2000)” (Dr M. Judson, in litt. 2013) and is here proposed as Cryptocheiridium insulare ( Vitali-di Castri, 1984) comb. n. It shares with C. confundens sp. n. similar pedipalpal proportions and measurements, but differs in having apparently a more robust palpal femur (2.8 times vs. at least 3.0 times longer than broad), perhaps more vaulted eyes (Dr M. Judson, in litt. 2013) and a slightly different trichobothrial pattern: b (= sb in Vitali-di Castri, 1984: fig. 40) on movable finger in more distal position, distal to isb and on level with ib vs. b being proximal to ib.

The limits of the genera Cheiridium and Cryptocheiridium are still inadequately defined ( Mahnert, 2001), as is the position of the subgenus Cubanocheiridium relative to Cryptocheiridium s.str.