Rutoideae Arn.

Appelhans, Marc S., Bayly, Michael J., Heslewood, Margaret M., Groppo, Milton, Verboom, G. Anthony, Forster, Paul I., Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F., 2021, A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers, TAXON 70 (5), pp. 1035-1061 : 1051

Subfam. Rutoideae Arn. [clade B p.p.].

Genera [5]: Boenninghausenia , Chloroxylon , Psilopeganum , Ruta , Thamnosma ; Number of species: 20; Characteristics: Mainly perennial herbs or subshrubs, rarely trees ( Chloroxylon ); schizogenous oil glands present; leaves alternate, simple or variously compound or deeply lobed; flowers 4- or 5-merous, usually diplostemonous; gynoecia syncarpous or fused at style, carpels 1–3, ovules 4 to several per locule; fruits dehiscent; endosperm copious; base chromosome number x = 9 or 10. Range: temperate and tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere as well as southern Africa.