Remiarctus bertholdii ( Paulson, 1875 ) Holthuis, 2002

Holthuis, Lipke B., 2002, The Indo-Pacific scyllarine lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae), Zoosystema 24 (3), pp. 499-683 : 552-558

Remiarctus bertholdii ( Paulson, 1875) n. comb.

( Figs 20-22 )

Scyllarus Bertholdii Paulson, 1875: 97 ; 1961: 103.

Scyllarus bertholdii – Holthuis 1946: 94; 1991: 221, figs 417, 418. — Holthuis & Sakai 1970: 92. — Phillips et al. 1980: 69. — Chan & Yu 1986: 152, pl. 2, pl. 8 fig. B; 1993: 203, col. fig. — Sekiguchi 1987a: 331. — Sekiguchi & Tagawa 1987: 11, pl. 1. — Yamaguchi 1993: 588. — Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 254, fig. 60. — McWilliam et al. 1995: 564. — Nguyên Van Chung & Pham Thi Du 1995: 103. — Chan 1998: 1043, 2 figs n.n. — Fransen et al. 1998: 66. — Naiyanetr 1998: 44. — Wang et al. 1998: 447, 448, fig. 5.

Scyllarus Arctus var. [third variety] – De Haan 1841: 154.

Scyllarus Haanii Berthold, 1845: 45 ; 1846: 23, pl. 2 figs 2, 3. — De Man 1916: 74, pl. 2 fig. 10 [non Scyllarus haanii De Haan, 1841 ].

Scyllarus sinensis (nom. nud.) White, 1847: 67.

? Scyllarus arctus p.p. Gibbes, 1850: 192.

Scyllarus arctus var. c – Herklots 1861: 142.

Scyllarus bertholdi – Liu 1963: 231. — Bruce 1966: 20. — Burukovsky 1974: 107; 1983: 151. — Phillips et al. 1981: 418. — Huang 1994: 564.

TYPE MATERIAL. — Lectotype: dry 19 mm ( RMNH D 5518 );? paralectotype: dry 21 mm, Mare Indicum (MS) (see Material examined).

TYPE LOCALITY. — China.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — China. De Haan’s Specimen of Scyllarus arctus var. [third variety] and lectotype of Scyllarus haanii Berthold, 1845 and of S. bertholdii Paulson, 1875 , 1 dry 19 mm ( RMNH D 5518). — 8 dry specimens 16-19 mm (syntypes of Scyllarus sinensis White, 1847 nom. nud.) ( BM). — As “ Scyllarus nov. spec” with note “nächstverwandt mit arctus , passt genau weder zu vitiensis Dana noch zu sordidus Stimps ”, 2 dry specimens ( ZMB). — F. J. Pictet leg., 6 dry specimens ( MG). — China (probably) from MCZ, 1 dry 16 mm ( USNM). — Canton, 1 dry specimen 16 mm (probably syntype of Scyllarus sinensis White, 1847 , nom. nud.) ( BM). — Chile (probably error for China), A. Plagemann coll., 2 18 mm ( ZMH). — “Mare Indicum”, 1 dry 21 mm, tl. (including antennae) 68 mm (MS). The Senckenberg Museum received this specimen on permanent loan from Zoologisches Museum Göttingen. It is an old dry specimen and might even be Berthold’s type of the present species in which the label “China” was changed to “Mare Indicum”. In the old times museum authorities often considered the accuracy of locality labels not very important. In the Leiden Museum for instance the very accurate locality information given by F. C. Cantraine for the material that he collected in various places on the coasts of Italy and Dalmatia was ignored and practically all his material now carries only the label “Mer Méditerranée”. It is interesting therefore that Berthold (1846: 17) mentioned that H. Milne Edwards included China in the “région carcinologique de l’Inde”. The size of the specimen agrees rather well with the measurements given by Berthold for a female cl. 9”’ (= 18 mm), tl. 2”4”’ (= 58 mm); tl. here includes the antennae. However this may be, even though the type status of the specimen cannot be proved, it is most likely.

Taiwan. Su-Aou, I-Lan County, 16.III.1985, T. Y. Chan leg., 2 ov. ( RMNH D 39322).

South China Sea. Off Hong Kong, RV Albatross, stn 5302, 21°42’N, 114°50’E, 69 m, soft grey mud, 9.VIII.1908, 1 12 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5304, 21°46’N, 114°47’E, 62 m, blue mud, 9.VIII.1908, 1 14 mm, 3 ov. 14-15 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5305, 21°54’N, 114°46’E, 68 m, soft grey mud, 24.X.1908, 1 14 mm, 2 13 and 15 mm ( USNM).

Hong Kong, 1 ov. 14 mm ( BM).

S of Hong Kong, RV Cape St. Mary, stn 806/3/8, 21°43’N, 114°00’E- 21°47’N, 114°05’E, shrimp trawl, 42 m, 27.VI.1958, A. J. Bruce leg., 1 ov. 17 mm ( RMNH D 24944). — Cruise 2/63, stn 3, 5, 17, trawl 5, 7, 9, 21°42.0’N, 114°35.0’E- 21°42.0’N, 114°38’36”E- 21°42.0’N, 114°35.0’E- 21°42.0’N, 114°35’36”E and 21°05.0’N, 114°45’30”E- 21°03’18”N, 114°45’36”E, Granton trawl, 66, 66 and 91 m, mud, 30-31.VIII. 1963, 6 10-14 mm, 4 13-15 mm ( RMNH D 24946). — Cruise 9/65, stn 18, trawl 371, 21°04.5’N, 114°30.0’E- 21°05.0’N, 114°30.5’E, 84 m, mud and coarse sand, 25.VII.1965, 1 6 mm ( RMNH D 24934).

SW of Hong Kong, RV Cape St. Mary, 21°02.5’N, 113°32.0’E, 25.VI.1958, A. J. Bruce leg., 1 13 mm, 1 ov. 17 mm ( RMNH D 24931). — Cruise 7/63, stn 37, trawl 104, 20°48.0’N, 112°31.5’E- 20°44.0’N, 112°31.0’E, 73-90 m, sandy mud, 8.XII.1963, 1 17 mm ( RMNH D 24932).

Off Hainan, RV Cape St. Mary, cruise 3/65, stn 6, trawl 288, 20°53.0’N, 112°31.0’E- 20°49.0’N, 112°39.0’E, 59-62 m, coarse mud, 12.II.1965, A. J. Bruce leg., 1 13 mm ( RMNH D 24941). — Cruise 3/65, stn 9, trawl 289, 20°38.0’N, 112°31.0’E- 20°33.3’N, 112°36.0’E, 62-66 m, sandy mud, 13.II.1965, 1 13 mm ( RMNH D 24935). — Cruise 3/65, stn 76, trawl 317, 19°57.2’N, 112°09.5’E- 19°58.5’N, 112°04.8’E, 93-95 m, muddy sand, 19.II.1965, 2 juv. 5 and 7 mm ( RMNH D 24936). — Cruise 5/63, stn 8, trawl 63, 17°30.0’N, 107°30.0’E- 17°33.5’N, 107°28.2’E, 70 m, mud, 6.X.1963, 1 7 mm ( RMNH D 24938). — Cruise 4/63, stn 31, trawl 34, 17°18.8’N, 107°42.9’E- 17°18.5’N, 107°46.8’E, 73 m, mud, 10.IX.1963, 1

9 mm ( RMNH D 24937). — Cruise 4/63, stn 25, trawl 30, 17°18.3’N, 107°42.2’E- 17°17.0’N, 107°44.3’E, 73 m, mud, 6.IX.1963, 6 juv. 6-8 mm ( RMNH D 49573). — Cruise 4/63, stn 26, trawl 31, 17°17.9’N, 107°46.2’E- 17°14.5’N, 107°46.1’E, 73 m, mud, 6.IX.1963, 1 9 mm, 5 7-12 mm (largest ov.) ( RMNH D 24940). — Cruise 4/63, stn 24, trawl 29, 17°14.2’N, 107°41.1’E- 17°18.9’N, 107°41.7’E, 73 m, mud, 5.IX.1963, A. J. Bruce leg., 1 ov. 12 mm ( RMNH D 21003). — Cruise 4/63, stn 32, trawl 35, 17°17.6’N, 107°47.1’E- 17°13.8’N, 107°48.7’E, 18 m, mud, 10.IX.1963, A. J. Bruce leg., 2 10 and 11 mm (largest ov.) ( RMNH D 24943). — Cruise 4/63, stn 42, trawl 40, 17°16.7’N, 107°41.7’E- 17°16.6’N, 107°45.8’E, 73 m, mud, 12.IX.1963, A. J. Bruce leg., 1 10 mm, 2 11 and 13 mm ( RMNH D 24933). — Cruise 4/63, stn 33, trawl 36, 17°13.8’N, 107°48.7’E- 17°13.8’N, 107°46.6’E, 73 m, mud, 10.IX.1963, 1 11 mm, 1 10 mm ( RMNH D 24939). — Cruise 4/63, stn 57, trawl 51, 17°13.8’N, 107°41.5’E- 17°16.3’N, 107°42.8’E, 73 m, mud, 14.IX.1963, 1 8 mm, 2 9 and 11 mm ( RMNH D 24942).

Vietnam, Naga Expedition, off Cap Anhea, S 10, stn 61-0045, 15°41.0’N, 108°39.3’E, beam trawl, 31 m, mud and sand, 24.I.1961, 1 10.5 mm ( RMNH D 30997). — N of Nhatrang, S 4, stn 60-0211, 15°41.0’N, 108°41.0’E, beam trawl, 37 m, sand and mud, 27.II.1960, 4 11-14 mm, 1 ov. 16 mm ( RMNH D 30996).

Philippines. RV Albatross, no data, 1 ov. 14 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5105, Sueste Point Light, S 58°W 1.90 miles, 14°43’55”N, 120°12’50”E, 46 m, 8.I.1908, 1 10 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5376, Tayabas Light (outer), N 53°W 18.7 miles, 13°42’50”N, 121°51’30”E, 165 m, grey mud and sand, 2.III.1909, 1 juv. 7 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5442, San Fernando Point Light, N 39°E 8.4 miles, 16°30’36”N, 120°11’06”E, 82 m, coral sand, 10.V.1909, 3 9-12 mm, 4 9-14 mm ( USNM). — Stn 5477, Tacbuc Point, Leyte, S 87°W 11 miles, 10°44’45”N, 125°12’30”E, 88 m, grey mud, 29.VII.1909, 2 11 and 12 mm ( USNM).

MUSORSTOM 1, stn 56, off Lubang Id, 13°53.3’N, 120°10.7’E, 129-134 m, 26.III.1976, 1 15 mm, 1 juv. 6 mm (MNHN-Pa 1050). — Stn 57, off Lubang Id, 13°52.7’N, 120°13.5’E, 96-107 m, 26.III.1976, 3 16-17 mm (MNHN-Pa 1068, RMNH D 39323). — Stn 73, off mouth of Manila Bay, 14°16.6’N, 120°31.8’E, 70-76 m, 28.III.1976, 1 dry 9 mm (MNHN-Pa 1060).

MUSORSTOM 2, stn 6, off Lubang Id, 13°56.4’N, 120°22.3’E, 136-152 m, 20.XI.1980, 2 ( MNHN).

MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP 121, S of Mindoro, 12°08’N, 121°18’E, 73-84 m, 3.VI.1985, 1 11 mm (MNHN-Pa 1090). — Stn CP 141, N of Panay, 11°45’N, 122°45’E, 40-44 m, 6.VI.1985, 6 10- 13 mm, 2 ov. 11 and 12 mm, 2 non-ov.

12 mm (MNHN-Pa 1074; RMNH D 48742) .

Visayan Sea, Smithsonian Philippine Expedition, Sting Ray V, stn T3, 11°27’45”N, 123°23’45”E, otter trawl, 37 m, 4.VI.1978, 1 17 mm ( USNM). — Stn T4, 11°28’42”N, 123°45’45”E, otter trawl, 70 m, 5.VI.1978, 5 11-15 mm, 8 non-ov. 12- 19 mm, 7 ov. 16-21 mm ( USNM). — Stn T8, 11°37’40”N, 123°55’45”E, otter trawl, 75 m, 5.VI.1978, 1 18 mm, 1 ov. 20 mm ( USNM). — Stn T15, 11°37’07”N, 123°54’45”E, otter trawl, 91 m, 6.VI.1978, 1 ov. 19 mm ( USNM). — Stn T23, 11°22’15”N, 123°51.0’E, otter trawl, 80 m, 8.VI.1978, 2 13 and 14 mm, 1 13 mm.

Thailand. Phaqphun, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, 27.III.1982, P. Naiyanetr leg., 1 ov.

12 mm ( PN). — Gulf of Thailand, Galathea Expedition , stn 381, 7°00’N, 103°18’E, 55 m, 8.VI.1951, 1 juv. 6 mm ( ZMC).

Malaya. In front of Penang Id, the Fifth Thai-Danish Expedition, 26.I.1966, P. Naiyanetr leg., 1 6 mm ( PN).

Indonesia. S China Sea, NE of Riouw Archipelago, 1°45’N, 106°40’E, 64 m, 1869, capt. Andréa leg., 1 juv. 5 mm ( UZM).

Macassar Strait, CORINDON, stn 205, 1°07.8’S, 117°18.7’E, 49 m, 30.X.1980, 1 ov. 12 mm (MNHN-Pa 1067). — Stn 208, 0°14.6’S, 117°52.0’E, 150 m, 31.X.1980, 1 14 mm, 2

15 and 17 mm ( MNHN; RMNH D 39324).

Sunda Strait, RV Brak, stn 79, 6°28’S, 105°38’E, Sigsbee trawl, 47 m, sand, 29.VII.1922, Th. Mortensen leg., 1 7 mm ( UZM).

Java Sea, Galathea Expedition , stn 454, 5°23’S, 116°02’E, 60 m, coralline clay, 25.VIII.1951, 1 juv. 6 mm ( UZM). — Stn 455, 5°32’S, 112°41’E, 66 m, coralline bottom, 26.VIII.1951, Th. Mortensen leg., 1 10 mm ( UZM).

Java Sea, RV Dog, stn 5, 8°23’S, 114°29’E, 70 m, sand, 5.IV.1929, Th. Mortensen leg., 1 juv. 6 mm ( UZM). — Stn 19, 7°25’S, 114°30’E, trawled, c. 100 m, mud, 11.IV.1929, Th. Mortensen leg., 1 juv. 6 mm ( UZM).

Teluk Dodinga, Halmahera, Moluccas, Mariel King Memorial Expedition, stn HDI/2-3, fine mud, 20.V.1970, 1 9 mm ( WAM).

Jamdena Strait, E of Wotap Id, Tanimbar Group, Mariel King Memorial Expedition, stn TJ III/1-2- 3, 64-73 m, mud, 23.V.1970, 3 juv. 5-6 mm ( WAM).

Sapeh Strait, Lesser Sunda Ids, Siboga Expedition , stn 49a, 8°23.5’S, 119°4.6’E, 70 m, bottom coral and shells, 14.IV.1899, 1 juv. ( ZMA).

A

Australia. Northern Territory. Gulf of Carpentaria, Grote Eylandt, 30 m, 3.XI.1983, Clive Jones leg., 1 ov. 16 mm ( RMNH D 39320). — Arnhem Bay, 18 m, sand and mud, V. Wells leg., 1 6 mm (AM P 16397).

Western Australia. W of Northwest Cape, CSIRO, stn 173, 21°50’S, 113°46’E, beam trawl, 128-141 m, 5.X.1963, 1 9 mm ( WAM 361-64). — SW of Point Cloates, CSIRO, stn 187, 23°39’S, 113°11’E, beam trawl, 133 m, bottom with crinoids and starfishes, 27.X.1960, 1 17 mm ( WAM).

New Caledonia. BATHUS 1, stn DW 691, 20°35.30’S, 164°58.77’E, 227-250 m, 17.III.1993, 1 18 mm (MNHN-Pa 1848).

Fiji Islands. N of Vanua Levu. BORDAU 1, stn CP 1402, 16°38’S, 179°36’E, 260-279 m, 25.II.1999, 1 14 mm, 1 19 mm ( MNHN).

Bligh Water, N of Viti Levu. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1322, 17°17.1’S, 177°47.9’E, 210-282 m, 7.VIII.1998, 16 11-15 mm, 12 11-21 mm (MNHN-Pa 1915; RMNH D 48743; USNM 1000670 ). — Stn CP 1328, 17°16.8’S, 177°50.4’E, 248-277 m, 7.VIII.1998, 2 14 and 15 mm (MNHN-Pa 1849) .

Locality unknown. Sir Joseph Banks coll., 1 dry specimen 15 mm; and without any data, 5 dry specimens 18-20 mm (possibly syntypes of Scyllarus sinensis White, 1847 nom. nud.) ( BM). — “no.221”: 3 dry specimens 16-17 mm ( ANS) .

Doubtful localities. Marseille, France, 2 (1 ov.) 14 mm [“ces deux exemplaires trouvés dans un bocal avec de nombreux ex. Sc. arctus pris à Marseille; ancienne collection”( MNHN)]. — India (“118 Scyllarus arctus Fabr. fide L.R. Gibbes”): 2 dry specimens 12 and 19 mm ( ANS). Judging by the note on the label, these possibly are the specimens that Gibbes (1850: 192) listed as Scyllarus arctus from the “Philadelphia Cabinet” (see also previous paragraph Locality unknown).

DISTRIBUTION. — The species is known from the East China Sea southward to Indonesia, Australia, New Caledonia and the Fiji Islands. Apart from a very dubious record from “ India ” the species has not been found in the western Bay of Bengal and farther west, while it proves to be quite common in the Philippines and the East China Sea and especially the South China Sea. The early records (De Haan 1841; Berthold 1845; White 1847) all are just from “ China ” without more details. Also recent records ( Huang 1994; Wang et al. 1998) reported it from the Chinese coasts. The first more detailed localities are provided by De Man (1916), who mentioned the species from three places (NE of Ceram, and from Sape Strait and Madura Bay, the last two in the Lesser Sunda Islands) in Indonesia. Bruce (1966) mentioned the species from three stations in the South China Sea, without stating the actual positions; this material is included in the present paper. Chan & Yu (1986, 1993) mentioned the species from various localities off Taiwan. Sekiguchi & Tagawa (1987) provided the northernmost record: East China Sea, 28°16.8’N, 122°57.0’E, 77 m. Nguyên Van Chung & Pham Thi Du (1995) listed it from Vietnam. Naiyanetr (1998: 44) listed the species from both coasts of Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat on the Gulf of Thailand and from Phuket Island in the Andaman Sea.

HABITAT. — The species has been found at depths between 18 and 260 (260-279) m, mostly between 35 and 100 m, with the peak at around 70 m. It clearly prefers a soft bottom: at the stations from which the species was reported, the bottom was mostly mud (soft mud, fine mud, soft grey mud, grey mud, blue mud, coarse mud, sandy mud) also mud and sand, grey mud and sand, mud and coarse sand, sand and mud, muddy sand, sand, fine grey sand, coral sand, coralline clay, coral and shells, coarse sand and shells, hard coarse sand, crinoids and starfish.

DESCRIPTION

The rostrum is rather broad, the anterior margin is slightly bilobed; it is constricted behind the top. On the dorsal surface of the rostrum there is a sharp rostral tooth, which sometimes is reduced to a distinct tubercle. Apart from this rostral tooth, there is only one other tooth in the median line of the carapace, namely the gastric tooth, which lies between the rostral tooth and the cervical groove, somewhat closer to the former. Instead of the cardiac tooth there are two flattened rounded submedian tubercles just behind the cervical groove. There are several flattened tubercles in the median area of the carapace, both before and behind the cervical groove, forming rather indistinct longitudinal rows. The branchial carina is deeply, narrowly and obliquely interrupt- ed by the cervical groove. No tubercle is present in the gap. Anteriorly the carina ends in two teeth, the anterior of which forms the blunt end of the inner orbital margin; the posterior tooth is sharp, distinct and more conspicuous than the anterior. Behind the posterior tooth the carina bears several very inconspicuous tubercles. The posterior branchial carina ends anteriorly in a sharp tooth; the carina itself is not very conspicuous, being obscured by the pubescence of the carapace; it bears a double row of about nine to 14 tubercles, posteriorly an additional row is added. The anterior and posterior submedian carinae are represented each by an irregular group of tubercles. The intermediate row consists of five to seven tubercles. The lateral margin of the carapace shows three sharp teeth, one on the anterolateral angle, one immediately behind the cervical groove, and the third behind the postcervical groove. There are two anterolateral and two mediolateral tubercles, all rather inconspicuous; the posterolateral tubercles are eight to 10 in number and rather broad. Between the lateral and posterior branchial carinae a few tubercles are present. The intercervical ridge is replaced by a group of tubercles. There are several post-orbital tubercles. The posterior marginal groove is rather deep and narrow; before it there are two or three transverse rows of tubercles, behind it there are three or four such rows. The posterior margin of the carapace is shallowly incised in the middle.

The first abdominal somite has a complete transverse groove extending over its full width; before this groove there is a second, similar, groove; behind it the segment shows a complicated arborescent pattern of oblique, sometimes branched, grooves. The anterior half of each of the four following somites shows two complete transverse grooves, each with a row of very short hairs. The posterior halves of these somites show no median carina, but the usual arborescent pattern of grooves, of which the transverse groove is the most conspicuous; the median figure of the arborescent pattern is lobulate. The posterior margin of somites I to III is deeply incised in the middle, in the following somites there is no such incision or at the most a trace of it. The pleura of the first abdominal somite are short and bilobed. In the following three somites the pleura end in a slen- der, sharp, somewhat posteriorly directed tooth. The top of the pleura of the fifth somite is bluntly truncate. The margins of the pleura are entire or indistinctly serrate. Apart from a median groove the pleura show squamose tubercles, in the pleura of somites III to V some of these tubercles are placed on a longitudinal ridge. Abdominal somite VI shows tubercles of various size; its posterior margin, like that of the fifth somite is entire. The hard part of the telson bears several squamiform tubercles and ends in four posteriorly directed teeth, all of which are acute and are of about the same size.

The anterior margin of the antennular somite bears no teeth; each half is slightly concave in the external, convex in the internal half.

The last (sixth) segment of the antenna is rather narrow, its distal margin is convex and bears five rather slender teeth, which gradually taper to an acute tip; the inner margin of the segment bears one small triangular tooth, which in its basal part shows an additional denticle. The antero-internal angle of the fifth segment bears a sharp tooth. The anterior margin of the fourth segment shows a single very strong triangular tooth in the inner part, the rest of the margin is unarmed; the outer margin of the segment bears two teeth (not including the apical tooth); the dorsal surface of the segment shows a strong straight oblique carina, no additional ridges or tubercles are present in the outer half of the surface.

The anterior margin of the epistome is slightly and evenly concave without a median incision.

P.1 is more robust than P.2. The dactyli of the pereiopods have a very short velvety pubescence in the basal part; in addition to this pubescence, the dactylus of the third leg bears a dorsal fringe of hairs. The dactylus of P.2 is slightly longer than either that of P.1 or P.3, but it is shorter than that of P.4, which is the longest of all; in the

C

males the dactylus of P.5 is almost as long as that of P.4. The lower margin of the propodus of P.1 to P.3 bears a fringe of short hairs; this fringe is absent in P.4 and P.5. The propodus of P.1 to P.3 is laterally compressed, broadened and carries a dorsal fringe of hairs, which is especially distinct in P.3; the propodi of P.4 and P.5 are cylindrical and slender. The outer surface of the propodus of P.1 has one, that of P.2 to P.5 has two longitudi- nal hairy grooves. The lower surface of the merus of these legs is pubescent (most conspicuously so in P.2) and a short pubescent groove is visible in the upper part of the outer surface of the merus.

The anterior margin of the thoracic sternum is truncate with a narrow incision in the middle, which posteriorly continues in a median groove. The anterior margin is ridge-like swollen and from either anterolateral angle a carina extends posteriorly and medially, the two carinae forming together a V. The rest of the sternum is concave and shows no median tubercles. The posterior margin of the sternum is not tuberculate. The surface of the sternum shows rows of very short hairs. The first pleopods of the male (placed on abdominal somite II) are normal in shape. The following pleopods have the endopods rudimentary, while the exopods are laminate and fairly welldeveloped, but becoming smaller posteriorly.

Size

The examined material has the cl. between 5 and 21 mm. The largest males had cl. 17 mm, and most were between 9 and 14 mm. The largest female had cl. 21 mm and most were between 9 and 18 mm; the ovigerous females had cl. between 12 and 17 mm. Chan & Yu (1993) gave as maximum tl. 70 mm and the common tl. between 30 and 50 mm.

Colour

The most conspicuous colour feature of this species is the presence on the dorsal surface of the first abdominal somite of a large dark spot at the base of either pleuron, this spot extends some distance onto the second somite. These dark spots are often still visible in preserved material. Excellent coloured figures of fresh specimens have been published by Chan & Yu (1986: pl. 2, pl. 8 fig. B; 1993: 203). Their figures show the animal of a pale reddish brown colour with small dark reddish brown spots on the carapace and a larger spot of the same colour on the base of the anterolateral tooth. The fourth antennal segment has a darker spot in the posterolateral corner and a narrow dark line at the base of the apical tooth. The abdomen is rather even pale reddish brown becoming paler posteriorly with the fifth and sixth somite and the tailfan yellowish white. The two large spots, one on either side of the first abdominal somite, are dark reddish brown. The legs show the usual dark bands on merus, carpus and propodus, but they are quite light and inconspicuous.

De Man’s (1916) description of the colour, evidently made after preserved material, calls it a “[…] beautifully coloured species. The groundcolour of carapace and antennae is a yellowish olive-green, the tubercles and prominences are white, the hairs with which they are fringed, brown; the abdomen is of pale ground-colour, but the 1st tergum is marked [...] on each side, near the pleura, with a large round, wine-red fleck and with a few smaller ones on the posterior margin; the second and especially the third tergum are also wine-red coloured”.

REMARKS

The specimen from China, that De Haan (1841) considered to be a variety of Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758) , was correctly identified by Berthold (1845: 45) as belonging to a new species of which Chinese material was available to him and which he named Scyllarus haanii . Berthold’s and De Haan’s specimens thus both are syntypes of Berthold’s species. As pointed out above, Berthold’s specimen almost certainly is the specimen labelled “Mare Indicum” in the Senckenberg Museum. De Haan’s specimen is still in the Leiden Museum. The name Scyllarus haanii Berthold, 1845 is preocccupied by Scyllarus haanii De Haan, 1841 , and therefore Paulson’s (1875) replacement name bertholdii should be used.

Figures

FIG. 20. — Remiarctus bertholdii (Paulson, 1875) n. comb., Philippines, RV Albatross, stn 5442, (USNM); A, dorsal view;B, ventral view.

FIG. 21. — Remiarctus bertholdii (Paulson, 1875) n. comb., Philippines, Sting Ray V, stn T4, lateral view.

FIG. 22. — Remiarctus bertholdii (Paulson, 1875) n. comb.; A, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn DW 691, (MNHN-Pa 1848), sternum; B-F, S of Hong Kong,, pereiopods 1 to 5. Scale bar: 2 mm.