Quadrastichus manmohani Singh, 2022

Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, Zootaxa 5129 (1), pp. 1-36 : 22-25

4. Quadrastichus manmohani Singh sp. nov.

( Figs 74–89 )

Diagnosis. FEMALE: Body yellow with dark brown to black markings on lateral sides of pronotum, at the base of forewings, on lateral sides of metanotum, antero-lateral sides of propodeum, Gt1, Gt6, across middle of gaster (Gt4) and on tip of ovipositor sheaths. Head with toruli their own length below middle of face, with their ventral margins two-thirds their length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; subantennal grooves reaching two-thirds the distance between toruli and mouth margin. Antennal scape extending beyond vertex by two-thirds length of pedicel, with one anellus; funicle 3-segmented, all funicle segments long, F2 longest; club 3-segmented, appearing 2-segmented, apical segment small and indistinctly separated from second. Forewing, SMV with one dorsal seta; marginal vein 3.5× as long as stigmal vein. Pronotum about 0.4× as long as mesoscutum, mesoscutum with complete median line; one adnotaular seta at distal three-fourths. Rim of propodeal spiracle entirely visible; paraspiracular carina present; median carina not sharp; area of propodeum between paraspiracular carinae with wide reticulate sculpture. Ovipositor sheaths slightly exserted, about as long as postcercale.

MALE: Body color lighter than in female; anterior half of propodeum, Gt2 laterally, wide stripe across Gt5 and Gt6 black to dark brown. Toruli their own length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; subantennal grooves long, reaching halfway between toruli and clypeal margin. Antenna scape extending beyond vertex by pedicel length, with ventral plaque covering middle 0.5× of distal half of ventral margin; funicle 4-segmented, with whorls of longer setae at base; F1 shortest; club clearly 3-segmented. Forewing with marginal vein 4× as long as stigmal vein.

Description. FEMALE ( Figs 74–84 ). Body size 1.50 ± 0.10 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 6, range 1.33 to 1.66 mm). Holotype 1.53 mm (Card-mounted).

Color/Sculpture. Body ( Figs 74, 75 ) yellow with dark brown to black areas on lateral side of pronotum, anterior middle of mesoscutum; a small spot at base of forewing, lateral sides of metanotum, antero-lateral sides of propodeum (in some specimens), lateral sides of Gt1 and Gt6 and a darker stripe across Gt4. Tip of ovipositor sheaths brown. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, funicle and club brownish. Wings hyaline with dark brown veins. Pretarsi brown. Head globular, sparsely setose with thin and indistinct setae and with indistinct longitudinal reticulate sculpture; subantennal grooves reaching two-thirds the distance between toruli and cylpeal margin; malar sulcus almost straight. Mesosoma ( Fig. 79 ), pronotum posterior margin with 3 pairs of setae. Mesoscutum with fine and delicately engraved longitudinal reticulations, midlobe of mesoscutum with complete median line, with a single adnotaular seta placed at distal three-fourths; lateral lobe of mesoscutum with 3 small setae on lateral and one long seta on posterior margins. Scutellum with indistinctive sculpture, with 2 pairs of setae outside submedian groove, anterior pair placed at the distal two-thirds near submedian groove, posterior pair at the distal scutellar margin, nearer to submedian groove. Propodeal median carina prominent; paraspiracular carina developed; anterior area between median and paraspiracular carinae with wide reticulate sculpture. Callus with 2 setae, anterior seta stronger and twice as long as shorter posterior seta; lateral margin of callus slightly covering spiracle. Legs yellow; wings hyaline, veins dark brown. SMV of forewing with one dorsal seta ( Fig. 81 ).

Structure. Head about as wide as mesosoma (436: 425). In frontal view 1.2× as wide as high (436: 357), 2× as wide as frontovertex (436: 213); malar space about 0.6× as long as eye length (120: 200), frontovertex width 5× distance between toruli (213: 42); mouth width 1.3× malar space length (161: 120); toruli their own length below middle of face, with their ventral margins two-thirds their length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view 2.7× as wide as long (436: 159), as long as eye; POL 1.3× OOL (87: 68). Antenna ( Figs 76 ) with scape 4.7× as long as wide (202: 43) extending beyond vertex dorsally; pedicel 2× as long as wide (77: 37); with one anellus ( Fig. 77 ); funicle segments longer than wide; F1 as long as pedicel length (76) and 1.7× as long as wide (76: 45), F2 2.4× as long as wide (103: 43), F3 1.9× as long as wide (87: 46). Club 3-segmented, appearing 2-segmented, apical segment indistinctly separated from second by oblique suture; 2.8× as long (length including apical spine) as wide (169: 60); C1 1. 8× as long as C2 (68: 38); C3 ( Fig. 78 ) cone like, 1.9× as long as C2 (length includes spine) (71: 38); terminal spine 0.4× as long as C3 length (28: 71), without apical seta.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 79 ) 1.3× as long as wide (595: 457). Pronotum 0.4× as long as mesoscutum (103: 232). Mesoscutum 1.9× as wide as long (457: 232), 1.4× as long as scutellum (232: 162). Scutellum 1.6× as wide as long (258: 162), 4× dorsellum length (40); submedian lines approximately twice as far from each other as from sublateral line, enclosing a space about 1.4× as long as wide. Propodeum medially 1.3× as long as dorsellum (41: 30). Forewing ( Fig. 80, 82 ) 2.2× as long as wide (1234: 553); marginal vein as long as costal cell (304), 3.5× as long as stigmal vein (304: 87); postmarginal vein about two-thirds of stigmal vein (56: 87).

Gaster ( Figs 74, 75 ) narrower than mesosoma; 1.2× as long as mesosoma; Gt7 2× as long as exserted part of ovipositor, postcercale 0.5× of Gt7. Hypopygium reaching about middle of gaster. Ovipositor sheaths ( Fig. 83 ) 0.2× as long as ovipositor length (182: 812), exserted part of ovipositor sheaths as long as postcercale ( Fig. 84 ).

MALE ( Figs 85–89 ). Body size 1.16 mm (dry, n = 1)

Color/Sculpture. Similar to female except anterior half of propodeum, Gt2 laterally, a wide stripe across on Gt5 and Gt6 black to dark brown. Antenna scape pale yellow, remainder yellow with light brown tinge; whorls of long, light brown setae on flagellar and basal club segments.

Structure. Head clearly wider than mesosoma (409: 372); in frontal view 1.3× as wide as high (380: 300), 1.8× as wide as frontovertex (380: 211); malar space about 0.6× as long as eye length (111: 172), mouth 1.3× as wide as malar space length (148: 111); toruli their own length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view POL 2× OOL (87: 42). Antenna ( Fig. 87 ) with one anellus; scape 4.2× as long as wide (188: 45), with plaque covering middle 0.5× of distal half of ventral margin; pedicel about 1.7× as long as wide (67: 36); funicle 4-segmented, vase shaped; F1 shortest, 1.4× (61: 42), F2 2.42× (85: 35), F3 2.3× (94: 40) and F4 2.5× (90: 36) as long as wide. Club 3-segmented, as long as basal 3 funicle segments combined; C1 2× (68: 33), C2 2.7× (79: 29) and C3 4.2× (109: 26) as long as wide. Terminal spine about as long as C3 width (23: 26), without apical seta.

Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide (531: 372); pronotum 2.4× as long as wide (255: 106); mesoscutum 2× as long as pronotum, 1.7× as wide as long (372: 213); scutellum 1.3× as wide as long (191: 149), about 3.5× dorsellum length (149: 43). Propodeum 1.3× as long as dorsellum (88: 43). Forewing ( Fig. 89 ) 2.1× as long as wide (1008: 488); marginal vein 1.1× as long as costal cell (300: 261), 4× as long as stigmal vein (300: 74).

Gaster ( Figs 85, 86 ) 1.2× as long as mesosoma (659: 531); genitalia ( Figs 65, 66 ), aedeagus 0.8× as long as phallobase length (213: 270), phallobase 3.7× as long as wide (270: 73), digitus with one long digital spine.

Variation. There is variation in sizes for both sexes. No color variations, except dark brown to black spot on anterio-lateral side of propodeum in some specimens, were observed in the specimens.

Material examined. Holotype: ♀, card mounted; INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, New Forest ; 31.i to 10.ii.2017; Sudhir Singh ; ex. galls of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) (Sapotaceae) . Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession No. H-22040.

Paratypes: 5 ♀, 1 ♂, same data as holotype ; 4 (1+3) ♀ on 2 cards; 1♀ and 1♂ dissected and mounted on a slide. NFIC-FRI, Accession No. P-22040 .

Host. Associate of the M. longifolia galls.

Distribution. India: Uttarakhand.

Etymology. Named after Prof. Man Mohan Agarwal, who has contributed enormously to the field of Chalcidoidea taxonomy.

Comments: In the key to Quadrastichus species of Oriental region by Narendran (2007) this species runs close to Q. zenta Narendran (couplet number 10) but is quite different from it. Q. manmohani sp nov. differs from it on the basis of following characters (characters given in brackets are those of Q. zenta ):

Female: Head in frontal view 1.2× as wide as high (1.3×). MS straight (curved). POL 1.3× OOL (1.5×). Scape 4.7× as long as wide (5.6×). Pedicel 2× as long as wide (3×), F1 equal to, F2 1.3× and F3 1.1× pedicel length (as long as any funicle segment). Clava 2.8× as long as wide (6×), 0.8×as long as scape (1.3×), 0.8×as long as F2 plus F3 (1.2×). Mesosoma 1.3×as long as wide (1.5×). Mesoscutum midlobe with prominent median line (faint), 1.8×as long as scutellum (1.4×). Forewing 2.2× as long as wide (2×), marginal vein 3.5× as long as stigmal vein (about 5×), postmarginal vein 0.7×stigmal vein (0.5×). Gaster longer than head plus mesosoma (shorter).

Figures

FIGURES 74–82. Quadrastichus manmohani Singh sp. nov., female: 74, body in dorsal view; 75, body in lateral view; 76, antenna; 77, part of antenna showing anelli; 78, distal segments of club showing apical spine; 79, mesosoma in dorsal view; 80, forewing; 81, part of forewing showing dorsal seta on SMV; 82, part of forewing venation showing postmarginal and stigmal veins.

FIGURES 83–89. Quadrastichus manmohani Singh, sp. nov., 83–84, female: 83, ovipositor; 84, distal part of ovipositor en- larged to show cercal setae. 85–89, male: 85, body in dorso-lateral view; 86, body in lateral view; 87, antenna; 88, mesosoma in dorsal view; 89, forewing.

FIGURES 61–66. Aprostocetus dehradunensis Singh sp. nov., male: 61, body in dorso-lateral view; 62, head in frontal view; 63, antenna; 64. forewing; 65, genitalia; 66, distal part of genitalia showing digitus spines.