Pulvinaria idesiae Kuwana, 1914

Tanaka, Hirotaka & Kamitani, Satoshi, 2021, Redescriptions of six Japanese species of the genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with four new synonymies, Zootaxa 5071 (1), pp. 51-75 : 61-63

Pulvinaria idesiae Kuwana, 1914

( Fig. 7 )

[Japanese name: Iigiri-wata-kaigaramushi]

Pulvinaria idesiae Kuwana 1914: 6 ; Takahashi 1956: 23; Kawai 1972: 16; Kawai 1980: 155; Ben-Dov 1993: 266; Kawai 2003: 316, 881.

Eupulvinaria idesiae ( Kuwana, 1914) ; Borchsenius 1953: 288.

Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): Pulvinaria / idesiae / Kuwana / (Type) / V.1912 / Tokyo, Japan / I Kuwana; adult female mounted singly on a slide ( NIPP).

Other material. JAPAN: Chiba Prefecture, Matsudo-shi, Matsudo , Chiba University , on Zelkova serrata , 26.iv.2001, coll. H. Tanaka, 4 adult females mounted singly (2 ELKU, 2 EUMJ) ; Chiba Prefecture, Matsudo-shi, Matsudo , 24.iv.2003, on Aesculus x carnea, coll. H. Tanaka, 3 adult females mounted singly (1 ELKU, 2 EUMJ) ; Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka-shi, Suruga-ku, Nihon-daira , on Cornus kousa , 30.iv.2006, coll. H. Tanaka, 2 adult females mounted singly (1 ELKU, 1 EUMJ); Chiba-pref., Matsudo-shi, Matsudo, Chiba University , 12.v.2006, on Aesculus x carnea, coll. H. Tanaka, 2 adult females mounted singly (1 ELKU, 1 EUMJ) .

Redescription. Live appearance: Body of adult female broadly oval to circular, slightly convex; dorsal surface dark brown, covered with irregular yellowish spots; ovisac produced from ventral surface of abdomen, short, about 1–2 times as long as body; posterior part of body uplifted strongly by ovisac.

Slide-mounted adult female (n=12). Body broadly oval to circular, 7.5 (4.0–7.5) mm long, 6.0 (3.8–6.5) mm wide; margin with a shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft approximately 1/8 (1/8–1/6) of body length.

Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations well developed. Setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout dorsum, each 4–8 (4–11) µm long, with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, each 4–5 (2–6) µm in diameter, barely sclerotised and often difficult to see and count, numbering 17 (9–56) anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts absent. Microducts frequent throughout dorsum, each associated with an areolation ( Fig. 7 DA). Dorsal submarginal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 218–225 (190–225) µm long, 116–120 (100–125) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin, and 4 (3 or 4) apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 (2 or 3) pairs of setae along anterior margin and 2 or 3 pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing [setae not discernible in Lectotype specimen] (6–8) setae. Eyespots not detected.

Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket, 21–50 (14–55) µm long, often curved, mostly with apex simply pointed but rarely apex branched; each side with 11–16 (10–24) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 or 4 (mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine 116–130 (84–130) µm long, approximately 1.5–3 times as long as a lateral spine.

Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 7–9 (5–9) µm wide, with 5–12 (mostly 8) loculi, present around genital opening, on medial areas of all abdominal segments and, rarely, on thoracic segments; a small group also present lateral to each coxa but occasionally absent from this position. Spiracular pores each 4–7 µm wide, each with 5–8 (3–8) loculi, present in rather broad bands 1–7 pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 67–78 (51–80) pores, posterior bands each with 81–86 (48–91) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I each with a large outer ductule (3–5 µm wide and 7–18 µm long), a stout inner ductule (2–4 µm wide and 10–21 µm long) and a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in postero-medial area of head and medial areas of all thoracic and anterior abdominal segments, also in inner submarginal area of head, thoracic, and anterior abdominal segments; type II ducts each with a large outer ductule (2–4 µm wide and 7–14 µm long) ending with a shallow cup-shaped invagination and leading to a long and narrow inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 8–20 µm long) with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring in medial areas and inner submarginal areas of posterior abdominal segments; and type III ducts similar to type II but each with a short, filamentous inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 2–5 µm long) and a minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band between area near anal cleft and area near each antenna, intermixed with type II or type I ducts in inner submarginal band. Thoracic and abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae in medial area, but these occasionally lacking on some segments. With 16 (14–22) long setae between antennal bases, and 3 (1–5) pairs of long setae on area mesad of procoxae; other setae short and fine, distributed throughout venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 75–80 (60–98) µm, posterior spiracle 101–106 (80–114) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 545 (435–580) µm long, hind tibia 420 (345–463) µm long, and hind tarsus 175 (150–180) µm long. Antennae each with [both antennae broken in Lectotype] (8) segments, (590–774) µm long. Labium 106 (70–106) µm long, 152 (125–160) µm wide.

Host plants. Betulaceae : Alnus hirsuta ( Kawai 1972, 1980), Euonymus spp. ( Kawai 2003) , Cercidiphyllaceae : Cercidiphyllum japonicum ( Kawai 1980) , Cornaceae : Cornus controversa ( Kawai 1972, 1980), C. kousa , Cornus sp. ( Takahashi 1956) , Ebenaceae : Diospyros kaki ( Kawai 1972, 1980, 2003, Takahashi 1956), Magnoliaceae : Magnolia kobus ( Kawai 1980) , Rutaceae : Phellodendron amurense ( Kuwana 1914, 1917), Salicaceae : Idesia polycarpa ( Kawai 1972, 1980, Kuwana 1914, Takahashi 1956), Salix chaenomeloides ( Kawai 1972, 1980), Sapindaceae : Aesculus x carnea (Tanaka & Amano 2006), A. turbinata ( Kawai 1972, 1980, Takahashi 1956), and Ulmaceae : Zelkova serrata (Tanaka & Amano 2006) .

Remarks. Pulvinaria idesiae is similar to P. hazeae in having: (i) well-developed ventral setae on the medial area of most thoracic and abdominal segments; (ii) a large, rounded body; (iii) in lacking dorsal tubular ducts; and (iv) in having similar dorsal coloration (dark brown with irregular whitish or yellowish spots). However, P. idesiae differs from P. hazeae as follows (character states of P. hazeae in brackets): (i) producing a short, thick-walled ovisac (producing an extremely long and thin-walled ovisac); (ii) in lacking multilocular pores between the antennae (having multiple multilocular pores between antennae); and (iii) having type III ventral tubular ducts in submarginal area anterior to anterior stigmatic furrows (lacking type III ventral tubular ducts in submarginal areas anterior to anterior stigmatic furrows). Important diagnostic morphological character states for P. idesiae and a comparison with the type species of the genus, P. vitis , are given in Table 1 . Pulvinaria idesiae can be separated from other Pulvinaria species described in this study, and P. vitis , by the absence of dorsal tubular ducts and dorsal submarginal tubercles, the condition of the dermal areolation, body shape, multilocular pore distribution, type III ventral tubular duct distribution, and the number of loculi in each multilocular pore.

Pulvinaria idesiae is also similar to a European Pulvinaria species , P. regalis Canard, 1968 (the horse chestnut scale) in having: (i) a large, rounded body; (ii) producing a short, thick-walled ovisac; and (iii) in having similar dorsal coloration. Unfortunately, we could not examine any specimens of P. regalis in this study; thus, careful comparison of the morphology of slide-mounted specimens of P. regalis and P. idesiae is needed in the future.

The adult female morphology of P. idesiae described here mostly agrees well with the redescription by Takahashi (1956). However, the present description differs slightly from that of Takahashi (1956) as follows (character states of Takahashi’s redescription in parenthesis): (i) marginal setae rarely with branched apices (not branched); (ii) marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic furrows numbering 10–24 on each side (about 21); (iii) spiracular disc pores between each spiracle and stigmatic cleft numbering 51–80 (over 70 in each band); (iv) preopercular pores numbering 9–56 (referred as dorsal median pores, numbering about 20–34); and (v) marginal setae each 14–55 μm long (31–50 μm). These morphological discrepancies are probably due to intraspecific morphological variation or the quality of the microscopes used.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Pulvinaria idesiae Kuwana, 1914, adult female collected from Chiba prefecture, Japan in 2001. ANT, antenna; AP, anal plate; DA, dermal areolation; DMD, dorsal microduct; DS, dorsal seta; LG, leg; MP, multilocular pores; MS, marginal setae; POP, preopercular pores; SDP, spiracular disc pore; SSP, stigmatic spines; VMD, ventral microduct; VTD, ventral tubular ducts, types I to III. Scale bars: 200 μm for ANT, AP, DA and LG; 100 μm for SSP; 50 μm for MS; 10 μm for all other features.