Psechrus annulatus Kulczy

Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), Zootaxa 3379 (1), pp. 1-170 : 32-33

Psechrus annulatus Kulczy ń ski, 1908, stat. nov.

Figs 12a–d , 81f , 82i , 87e , 90e

Psechrus annulatus Kulczy ṅski 1908: 565, pl. 23, fig. 21 (Description and illustration of ♀). [Lectotype ♀ ( SB 829, light one), here designated, from INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Tengah Province: Nusa Kembangan; present from Dr. M. Raciborski; MIZ F•790; Paralectotype: 1 ♀ ( SB 830, dark one) from INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Barat Province: Nyalindung; “ciemny” (note by Kulczyṅski to differentiate this specimen from the other specimen in this series; “ciemny” means ‘dark one’); present from Dr. M. Raciborski; MIZ F•790, all type material examined]. Berland and Berland 1914: 133. Hogg 1914: 56; 1915: 436. Fage 1929: 360. Lehtinen 1967: 260. Levi 1982: 125 (Syn. with P. singaporensis , rejected).

Psechrus singaporensis — Levi 1982: 125, figs 40–53, ad part, figs 42–43, 48–53 misidentified, figs 52–53 (Illustration of ♀).

Additional material examined. INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Barat Province: Pananjung, Pasir Paninjoan (‘Penandjoeng’); ‘Akquisitions-Datum: 15.X.1938 ’; Reimoser det.; 1 juv. ( SB 1094), NHMW 12˙385.

Additional doubtful material. INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Barat Province: Cibodas (‘Tjibodas’); K. Kraepelin leg. 23.–28.III.1904 and ded.; E. Simon det. Psechrus sp. VIII. 1904; acquisition 08.VI.1904; 1 juv. ( SB 1073), ZMH.

Revised diagnosis (see also diagnosis for annulatus -group above). Females similar to P. aluco sp. nov. in having rounded copulatory ducts (CD). Distinguished by the distinctly larger CD and by the spermathecal heads (SH), which are located anterio-medially at spermathecae ( Fig. 12c ). The latter —if vulva is viewed from dorsal— not extending beyond CD, in none direction. Moreover, median septum (MS) ( Fig. 12a–b , 87e ) not as strongly protruding as in P. aluco .

Description. Male: unknown.

Female: (Measurements of lectotype first, those of paralectotype in parentheses).

Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 4.8 (5.3), carapace width 3.2 (3.5), anterior width of carapace 2.1 (2.2), opisthosoma length 8.5 (8.9), opisthosoma width 3.0 (3.2). Eyes: AME 0.31 (0.32), ALE 0.37 (0.40), PME 0.35 (0.41), PLE 0.36 (0.40), AME–AME 0.22 (0.21), AME–ALE 0.04 (0.07), PME–PME 0.26 (0.26), PME–PLE 0.27 (0.28), AME–PME 0.43 (0.49), ALE–PLE 0.40 (0.45), clypeus height at AME 0.87 (0.81), clypeus height at ALE 0.61 (0.55).

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 5.5 (6.2) [1.9 (2.1), 0.7 (0.9), 1.0 (1.1), 1.9 (2.1)]; Legs: I 42.3 (38.6) [11.2 (10.1), 2.0 (2.2), 12.6 (10.6), 10.8 (10.0), 5.7 (5.7)], II 30.4 (29.6) [8.6 (8.3), 1.8 (2.0), 7.9 (7.5), 7.5 (7.5), 4.2 (4.3)], III 21.1 (20.3) [6.1 (6.1), 1.4 (1.4), 5.1 (4.9), 5.5 (5.0), 3.0 (2.9)], IV 32.2 (31.9) [9.1 (9.0), 1.6 (1.9), 8.3 (8.1), 8.4 (8.2), 4.8 (4.7)].

Palpal claw with 14 (14) teeth.

Spination. Palp: 141 (131), 110 (110), 1101 (1101), 1014 (1014); legs: femur I 656 (656), II 555 (656) III 555 (545), IV 555 (555); patella I–IV 000 (000); tibia I–II 3036 (3036), III 3236 (3234, distal, dorsal spine small), IV 3234,3235 (3134); metatarsus I–III 3035 (3035), IV 3034, 3035 (3035).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of annulatus -group). MS posteriorly ca. 1.5x broader than in between the two copulatory openings (CO) ( Fig. 12a–b ). Epigynal muscle sigilla (EM) and slit sense organs outside epigynal field. Spermathecae cross-oval ( Fig. 12c ).

Colouration (see also description for annulatus -group and Psechrus ). Width of lateral bands on carapace medium-sized (ca. 1.3x diameter of PME) and hardly serrated.

Variation of copulatory organs. In paralectotype (SB 830) MS and CO differ ( Fig. 12b ). In SB 830 CO a bit smaller than in lectotype. However, vulva (not illustrated) matches that of lectotype.

Remark. This species is removed from synonymy with P. singaporensis Thorell, 1894 because the copulatory organs differ distinctly from P. singaporensis . Also a few somatic characters differ. Psechrus annulatus is not only a different species to P. singaporensis , it also belongs to a different species-group.

The juvenile specimens SB 1094 from Pasir Paninjoan, Jawa Barat and SB 1073 from Cibodas, Jawa Barat show the same spination pattern at tibia III & IV like the lectotype (SB 829). As the recording locality of SB 1073 matches the type locality of P. aluco sp. nov., it may belong to P. aluco , which differs from P. annulatus in spination pattern of tibia III & IV. As from P. aluco only one single ♀ was available and from annulatus only two ♀♀ the difference in dorsal spination of tibia III & IV may be artificial. So, without checking more material, the identification of SB 1073 remains unclear. Eugène Simon examined this specimen for his study on spiders of Java ( Simon 1905a) and identified it as Psechrus sp.

Distribution. Indonesia [Java] ( Fig. 100 ).

Figures

FIGURES 12a–d. Psechrus annulatus, ♀ copulatory organ. a, c–d ♀ lectotype SB 829 from Indonesia, Java, Jawa Tengah Prov. b ♀ paralectotype SB 830 from Indonesia, Java, Jawa Barat Prov. a–b Epigyne, ventral view. c Vulva, dorsal view. d Schematic course of internal duct system.

FIGURES 81a–j. Psechrus spp., photos of dorsal habitus (a–d) and ventral view of opisthosoma (e–j). a P. ancoralis. b P. hartmanni sp. nov. c P. sp. out of mulu-group. d P. luangprabang. e P. singaporensis. f P. annulatus. g P. jaegeri sp. nov. h P. marsyandi. i P. kunmingensis. j P. tauricornis sp. nov. a ♀ SB 75 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ holotype SB 1007 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. c ♂ from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak Prov. d ♀ SB 508 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. e s.a. ♀ SB 559 from Indonesia, Sumatera Utara Prov. f ♀ paralectotype SB 830 from Indonesia, Jawa Barat Prov. g ♀ holotype SB 530 from Laos, Champasak Prov. h s.a. ♀ SB 748 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. i ♀ SB 953 from China, Yunnan Prov. j ♀ SB 633 from Sri Lanka. Photos 81a by Helmut Steiner, Hanau, 81c by Peter Koomen, Leeuwarden (copyright owner).

FIGURES 82a–r. Psechrus spp., photos of carapace (a–g), sternum (h–k) and ventral view of coxae of legs I–II (l-r). a P. libelti. b P. khammouan. c P. kenting. d P.fuscaisp. nov. e P. ghecuanus. f P.elachys sp. nov. g, k P. tauricornis sp. nov. h, o P. antraeus. i P. annulatus. j, p P.hartmanni sp. nov., l P. himalayanus, m P. ancoralis, n P.mulu, q P. senoculatus, r P. marsyandi. a ♀ SB 969 from Brunei Darussalam. b ♀ SB 382 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. c ♀ holotype SB 615 from Taiwan, Pingtung County. d ♀ holotype SB 954 from China, Yunnan Prov. e s.a. ♀ syntype SB 222 from Myanmar, Kayin Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 861 from Thailand, Satun Prov. g ♀ paratype SB 849, k juv. SB 851, both from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. h ♀ holotype SB 8 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. i ♀ paralectotype SB 830 from Indonesia, Jawa Barat Prov. j ♀ SB 630 from Sri Lanka. l ♂ lectotype SB 14 from India, Uttarakhand Prov. m ♂ paratype SB 26 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. n ♂ paratype SB 241 from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak Prov. o ♂ paratype SB 7 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. p ♂ SB 624 from Sri Lanka. q ♂ paratype SB 537 from China, Hunan Prov. r ♂ holotype from Nepal, Gandaki Prov.

FIGURES 87a–k. Psechrus spp., photos of epigyne, ventral view. a P. argentatus. b P. libelti. c P. mulu. d P. borneo. e P. annulatus. f P. aluco sp. nov. g P. decollatus sp. nov. h P. singaporensis. i P. elachys sp. nov. j P.norops sp. nov. k P. arcuatus sp. nov. a ♀ SB 608 from Indonesia, Maluku Prov. b ♀ SB 969 from Brunei Darussalam. c ♀ paratype SB 239 from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak Prov. d ♀ holotype SB 279 from Indonesia, Kalimantan Timur Prov. e ♀ lectotype SB 829 from Indonesia, Jawa Tengah Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 123 from Indonesia, Jawa Barat Prov. g ♀ holotype SB 501 from Indonesia, Jawa Timur Prov. h ♀ SB 864 from Malaysia, Selangor Prov. i ♀ holotype SB 861 from Thailand, Satun Prov. j ♀ holotype SB 860 from Malaysia, Pahang Prov. k ♀ holotype SB 333 from Indonesia, Sumatera Barat Prov.

FIGURES 90a–k. Psechrus spp., photos of vulva, dorsal view. a P. argentatus. b P. libelti. c P. mulu. d P. borneo. e P. annulatus. f P. aluco sp. nov. g P. decollatus sp. nov. h P. singaporensis. i P. elachys sp. nov. j P.norops sp. nov. k P. arcuatus sp. nov. a ♀ SB 551 from Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov. b ♀ SB 87 from Indonesia, Sumatra, Mentawei Islds. c ♀ SB 253 from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak Prov. d ♀ holotype SB 279 from Indonesia, Kalimantan Timur Prov. e ♀ lectotype SB 829 from Indonesia, Jawa Tengah Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 123 from Indonesia, Jawa Barat Prov. g ♀ holotype SB 501 from Indonesia, Jawa Timur Prov. h ♀ SB 220 from Singapore. i ♀ holotype SB 861 from Thailand, Satun Prov. j ♀ holotype SB 860 from Malaysia, Pahang Prov. k ♀ holotype SB 333 from Indonesia, Sumatera Barat Prov.

FIGURE 100. Distribution of Psechrus in eastern Malaysia and central Indonesia. Symbols (unicoloured): species belonging to the annulatus-group. Symbols (black, filled with light colour): species belonging to the mulu-group. Arrows: species belonging to the argentatus-group.