Prionus (Homaesthesis) spinipennis Hovore & Turnbow, 1984

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nearns, Eugenio H. & Swift, Ian P., 2016, Revision of the American species of the genus Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Prionini), Zootaxa 4134 (1), pp. 1-103 : 17-20

Prionus (Homaesthesis) spinipennis Hovore & Turnbow, 1984

( Figs. 14-16 , 69-72 )

Prionus (Homaesthesis) spinipennis Hovore & Turnbow, 1984: 1 ; Chemsak et al., 1992: 22 (checklist); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 16 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 57 (cat.); Chemsak, 1996: 121; Monné & Hovore, 2005: 21 (checklist); 2006: 20 (checklist); Özdikmen & Turgut, 2009: 410; Bezark & Monné, 2013: 27 (checklist).

Male ( Figs. 69-70 ). Head dorsally from brown to reddish-brown; ventrally always lighter than dorsally; area behind middle of eyes from dark-brown to brown; excluding mandibles, longer than prothorax at central area (occasionally, as long as prothorax), slightly elongate behind eyes (distance from posterior ocular edge to the prothorax smaller than greatest length of upper eye lobe). Longitudinal dorsal furrow distinct from clypeus to prothoracic edge; between antennal tubercles (sometimes from middle of eyes) placed inside a moderately deep sulcus (sometimes slightly distinct). Area between middle of antennal tubercles and eyes coarsely, confluently, deeply punctate; area from middle of antennal tubercles and clypeus distinctly less coarsely and more sparsely punctate; dorsal area close to apex of upper eye lobe slightly depressed; setae between clypeus and posterior ocular edge very short and sparse; punctures on dorsal area between eyes and prothorax, coarse, abundant, gradually finer toward prothorax; setae on this latter area from almost absent to moderately abundant, but always short; area behind upper eye edge coarsely, confluently punctate (finer from eyes to prothorax), with short, sparse setae (sometimes almost glabrous); area behind lower eye lobes moderately coarsely punctate (punctures confluent near eyes, less so toward prothorax), with setae longer and more abundant than area behind upper eye lobes. Antennal tubercles coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on basal half, impunctate on distal half (usually with punctures on the side facing the eyes). Postclypeus centrally brown to reddish-brown, moderately coarsely punctate on base, impunctate toward apex; dark-brown to black laterally, coarsely, usually partially confluently punctate. Anteclypeus usually not well separated from postclypeus, shining, glabrous, impunctate. Labrum coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with long, sparse setae, denser centrally close to apex. Eyes large; distance between upper eye lobes from 0.5 to 0.6 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes from 0.6 to 0.8 times length of scape. Submentum trapezoid, elevated from base toward mentum (sometimes slightly sloped toward middle and elevated toward anterior margin); surface coarsely, confluently punctate, usually somewhat vermiculate; with short, sparse setae; anterior edge from dark-brown to black, distinctly carinate. Apex of labial palpi attaining from basal one-third to middle of maxillary palpomere IV. Mandibles from dark-brown to reddishbrown, usually slightly lighter on inner side, except inner margin from about middle to apex, that are dark-brown or black; latero-basal one-third depressed. Antennae with 12 segments, nearly attaining base at distal one-third of elytra. Scape from brown to reddish-brown, usually darker laterally and distally; not attaining posterior ocular edge, enlarged toward apex; finely, sparsely punctate dorsally; on latero-outer face moderately coarsely punctate, mainly on basal one-third; on latero-inner face finely, sparsely punctate. Antennomere III from 1.7 to 2.0 times longer than scape, distinctly enlarged toward apex (distal width equal to about 1.8 times basal width); on dorsal view, imbrication distinct, clearly projected ( Fig. 14 ); on lateral view, apex of imbrication not emarginated; on ventral view ( Fig. 15 ), apex of imbrication widely emarginated; dorsal surface moderately finely, sparsely punctate, except on distal one-fourth which is microsculptured. Antennomere IV about as long as 0.8 times III; moderately finely, sparsely punctate near inner side; imbrication as in III. Imbrication of antennomeres V–XI as in III (occasionally, slightly emarginated laterally). Antennomere XII about as long as XI; not appendiculate or partially divided.

Maximum prothoracic width from shorter (0.8 times) to equal to elytral base; anterolateral angles slightly projected forward, rounded or truncate toward first lateral tooth; first lateral tooth large (occasionally somewhat small), acute at apex, placed close to anterolateral angle; second lateral tooth large, spined, apex usually slightly projected backwards, often distinctly larger than first tooth; posterolateral angle acute, projected; basal margin sinuous; distal margin centrally emarginated or not. Pronotum dark-brown, often lighter laterally; usually centrally convex, laterally explanate; on each side of latero-basal one-third with C-like callosity; disc moderately finely, abundantly punctate, impunctate on a triangular center-basal area; laterally coarsely, abundantly punctate; lateral areas close to the lateral angles with some setae. Prosternum densely punctate; with long, abundant setae, mainly near anterior margin. Prosternal process not sulcate; with moderately long, abundant setae laterally; center with short, sparse setae. Elytra from dark-brown to brown (often with black areas), coriaceous, moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate; each elytron with three carinae, the innermost two fused at distal one-fourth; sutural spine very distinct. Metasternum centrally depressed toward metacoxae; finely, very densely punctate, less so on a subtriangular area along distal one-half of metasternal suture; with long, dense setae throughout. Metepisterna with sculpture and setae as that along sides of metasternum.

Ventrite I with moderately long, sparse setae, mainly on process (occasionally with setae very sparse); ventrites I–IV microsculptured, finely, moderately abundantly punctate; ventrites II–IV with short, sparse setae (sometimes more abundant); ventrite V densely, moderately coarsely punctate centrally, with short, abundant setae, finely punctate laterally, with short, sparse setae. Legs from brown to reddish-brown. Tarsomeres I–III wide, not slender; tarsomeres I–II acute at apex (occasionally with short spine or somewhat rounded); pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III with spongy setal pads on ventral surface; spongy setal pads of metatarsi more or less distinct, only laterally on distal half of III; metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together; tarsomeres I–III without very long setae laterally.

Female ( Figs. 71-72 ). Head, excluding mandibles, shorter than prothorax at middle. Dorsal sculpture on face of head and area behind eyes sparser than in male. Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.75 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes equal to 0.8 times length of scape. Submentum as in male. Mandible as in male. Antennae nearly reaching middle of elytra; scape more slender than in male, also not attaining posterior ocular edge; antennomere III ( Fig. 16 ) 1.1 times as long as scape; antennomeres III–XI without imbrications, distinctly projected only after VII at outer distal side. Prothorax as in male; pronotal disc more sparsely punctate than in male. Metasternum and metepisterna glabrous.

Dimensions in mm (male/female). Total length (including mandibles), 20.5–31.8/26.1; prothoracic length at center, 2.9–4.2/3.5; greatest prothoracic width, 6.0–9.0/8.0; humeral width, 7.0–11.5/9.0; elytral length, 14.5–21.3/ 18.7.

Geographical distribution. USA [Texas ( Hovore & Turnbow, 1984), New Mexico (Chemsak, 1996)].

Types, type locality. Holotype male from USA (Texas, Ward County, Monahans Sandhills State Park), deposited at CAS. Thirty six paratypes deposited at: TAMU, ESSIG, USNM, MCZ, and in the following private collections: R. H. Turnbow, F. T. Hovore (now at CAS), R. L. Penrose, M. E. Rice, and J. E. Wappes.

Material examined. USA, Texas: Crane County, 2 males, VIII.21.1994, J. E. Wappes col. ( MZSP); 1 mile E Monahans (Ward County), 2 males, VIII.21.1982, T. P. Friedlander col. ( ESSIG); 11 males, IX.4.1994, F. T. Hovore col. ( ESSIG); Sandhill (Crane County), 1 male, VII.16 –17.1996, J. E. Wappes col. ( ESSIG); 10 males, VIII.11 –16.1996, J. E. Wappes col. ( ESSIG); 12 miles NE Kermit (Winkler County), 1 male, IX.25.1997, J. E. Wappes col. ( ESSIG); 12 miles NE Kermit (Winkler County), 1 female, IX.25.1997, J. E. Wappes col. ( ESSIG). New Mexico: Chaves County, 2 males, Mescalero Sands [no collector or date indicated] ( ENPC).

Remarks. The metatarsi of Prionus (H.) spinipennis are similar to that of P. (H.) arenarius being expanded and flattened. However, in the latter the imbrication of antennomeres is not distinctly emarginate.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 19. Antennae. 1 – 4, Prionus (Homaesthesis) emarginatus: 1, male, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – V, dorsal view; 2, male, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, latero-ventral view; 3, female, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 4, female, antennomeres VI – VII, ventral view. 5 – 8, P. (H.) geminus sp. nov.: 5, female, antennomeres VI – VII, ventral view; 6, male, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 7, male, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, latero-ventral view; 8, female, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view. 9 – 11, P. (H.) palparis: 9, male, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 10, male, antennomeres III – V, ventral view; 11, female, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view. 12 – 13, P. (H.) simplex, male: 12, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 13, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, ventral view. 14 – 16, P. (H.) spinipennis: 14, male, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 15, male, pedicel, antennomeres III – VI, ventral view; 16, female, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view. 17 – 19, P. (H.) arenarius, male: 17, scape, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, dorsal view; 18, pedicel, antennomeres III – IV, latero-ventral view; 19, pedicel, antennomeres III – V, ventral view.

FIGURES 69 – 72. Prionus (Homaesthesis) spinipennis: 69, male, dorsal habitus; 70, male, ventral habitus; 71, female, dorsal habitus; 72, female, ventral habitus.