Prionocidaris pistillaris ( Lamarck, 1816 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 20

Prionocidaris pistillaris ( Lamarck, 1816)

Fig. 16 A–C.

Prionocidaris pistillaris: A. Agassiz, 1863: 18 ; Mortensen, 1928a: 452 –456. Pl. XLIX. Pl. L. Pl. LI, Fig. 1 . Pl. LXXIII, Fig. 18 . Pl. LXXXVI, Figs 20–21 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 216 –217; Richmond, 1997: 295; Samyn, 2003: 200, Figs 2 D, D’, D”; Branch et al., 2010: 236, Fig. 106.1; Schultz, 2010: 61, Fig. 111.

Cidaris sp.: Bell, 1904: 168.

Prionocidaris baculosa: H.L. Clark, 1923 *: 370. Pl. XIII; H.L. Clark, 1924: 1.

Prionocidaris baculosa var. lineata var. nov .: H.L. Clark, 1925a: 14.

Material examined. MBC-A023316; A22665; MBC-A077765; MBC-A077770; MBC-A077780; MBC- A077761; MBC-A077755; MBC-A077754; MBC-A077764; A23724 ; MBC-A077753; MBC-A077751; MBC- A077756; MBC-A077752; MBC-A077760; MBC-A077763; MBC-A077762; MBC-A077769; MBC-A077759; MBC-A077766; MBC-A077758; MBC-A077757; MBC-A077757.

Identification. Test circular, tubercles not crenulated, pores distinctively conjugated. Apical disc tuberculated, tubercles along inner edge of genital plates appearing larger, oculars insert. Well-developed peristome. Primary spines uniformly set with thorns, becoming small towards end of the shaft; collar striped. Scrobicular spines having rounded point, miliary rather adpressed.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 60 mm.

Global distribution. Kenya (Samyn 2003), Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar and East Africa from Tanzania to East coast of South Africa ( Schultz 2010); from littoral to 200 m depth.

Remarks. Iziko Museum samples identified through this study document a 109 m depth extension from the previously known maximum depth of 91 m, to 200 m. Adults and juveniles differ in appearance, juveniles having fewer spines and being more vivid in color ( Branch et al. 2010). Species similar to Plococidaris verticillata in oculars being insert, distinguished from one another in the spines, where P. verticillata has distinct whorls and P. pistillaris has a striped collar.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755).

FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010).

FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.