Porphyrogenes stresa Evans, 1952

Austin, George T. & Mielke, Olaf H. H., 2008, Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America, Insecta Mundi 2008 (44), pp. 1-56 : 16-17

Porphyrogenes stresa Evans, 1952 , new status

( Fig. 27, 28 , 79, 80 , 123 , 142 )

Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952 . Type locality: Tarapote [sic = Tarapoto], Peru; male [holo] type ( Fig. 27, 28 ) in BM(NH).

Description. Male ( Fig. 27, 28 , 79, 80 ) - mean forewing length = 24.5 mm (23.8-25.1 mm, n = 4; from Rondônia, Brazil); forewing with costal fold, apex pointed, not produced, termen and anal margin slightly convex; hindwing termen nearly straight, tornus produced to very short lobe, vein Rs arising mid-base and end of discal cell and opposite of CuA 2 ( Fig. 123 ); dorsum brown, unmarked; forewing overscaled with dark orange-brown, heaviest basad, anal margin with sparse tuft proximad; hindwing overscaled with dark orange-brown posterior to vein Rs, no indication of discal macules; shining gray speculum in base of anterior discal cell, proximal 1/4 of Sc+R 1 -Rs, and proximal 1/3 of costal cell; moderate length gray-tan recumbent tuft near base of Sc+R 1 -Rs, semierect pale tan tuft arising from near base of discal cell covering speculum in discal cell and, with anterior tuft, covering base of speculum in Sc+R 1 -Rs ( Fig. 123 ); conspicuous erect dark orange-brown tuft along anterior edge of vein 2A, recumbent brown tuft from posterior edge of 2A; fringes on both wings dark brown as ground color.

Venter dark orange-brown; forewing vein 2A weakly sinuate, bare and weakly swollen in central 1/3, this indistinctly in groove ( Fig. 123 ); shining gray-brown speculum in proximal 1/4 of CuA 2 -2A (continued to end of bared portion of vein as modified gray-brown scales) and in proximal 1/2 of anal cell (continued to tornus as modified gray-brown scales); hindwing with no indication of discal macules; cell 2A-3A with deep groove just caudad of vein 2A.

Dorsal head and thorax dark orange-brown, palpi ochreous-tan, eyes red, antennae black on dorsum, yellow on venter and beneath apiculus, nudum red-brown, 30 (n = 2) or 33 (n = 2) segments, ventral thorax dark orange-brown, pectus pale tan, legs orange-brown proximad, orange distad, dorsal abdomen dark brown, gray at segments, overscaled with dark orange-brown, ventral abdomen dark gray to graybrown.

Genitalia ( Fig. 142 ) - tegumen narrow in lateral view, broad and narrowing cephalad in dorsal view, long and thin dorso-caudal oriented process from each side of caudal end, tuft double and dense; uncus decurved in lateral view, broadly divided in dorsal view, arms widely spaced and short, ventral process of uncus as rounded lobe; gnathos shorter than uncus, terminal ends rounded in ventral view; combined ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus curved; saccus broad, oriented dorso-cephalad; valva with costa-ampulla broadly triangular with narrow flap at apex, harpe long, very narrow, curving evenly upward to pointed (lateral view, blunt in caudal view) and dentate caudal end oriented nearly dorsad; aedeagus much shorter than valva, broad with blunt caudal end; cornuti as double row of long, thin, and slightly curved spikes.

Female - unknown.

Distribution and phenology. Porphyrogenes stresa has been reported from Peru and Bolivia ( Evans 1952, Lamas 1994). The species (reported as P. zohra zohra, Austin et al. 1993 ) was recorded in central Rondônia during June (1 record), July (1), August (2) and November (1); this extends the known distribution eastward.

Diagnosis and discussion. Porphyrogenes stresa was described as a subspecies of P. zohra by Evans (1952). They are superficially similar, but the known distributions of the two taxa are broadly disparate. Differences in color, vein 2A on the forewing, and in the genitalia suggest they are different species (see P. zohra below). In the male genitalia, P. stresa has a narrower tegumen (especially cephalad) than does P. zohra , has an evenly curved harpe with the more or less quadrate caudal end dentate (less evenly curved on P. zohra , caudal end broader and club-shaped and more densely serrate), and the cornuti are less robust. Based on these differences, P. stresa is here raised to species-level. The female of P. stresa was considered by Evans (1952) to be similar to that of P. zohra , but paler purple-brown on the venter and having a broadly darker forewing apex. This requires confirmation since the female of P. zohra has not been satisfactorily identified (see below under P. zohra ).

Evans (1952) examined two males of this species in the BM (NH) from the type locality; one of these

( Fig. 27, 28 ) is the [holo] type of Porphyrogenes zohra stresa .

Figures

Figure 19-36. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 19) Physalea sororcula Mabille & Boullet, 1912, [holo]type female, ds. 20) same, vs. 21) Bungalotis immaculata Skinner, 1920, [holo]type male, ds. 22) same, vs. 23) Porphyrogenes spanda Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 24) same, vs. 25) Porphyrogenes spanda, 1952, female associated with [holo]type, ds. 26) same, vs. 27) Porphyrogenes zohra stresa Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 28) same, vs. 29) Telegonus zohra Möschler, 1879, [holo]type male, ds. 30) same, vs. 31) Ocyba sula Williams & Bell, 1940, holotype male, ds. 32) same, vs. 33) Porphyrogenes glavia Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 34) same, vs. 35) Porphyrogenes sparta Evans, 1952 [holo]type male, ds. 36) same, vs.

Figure 65-82. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 65) P. probus, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 12 August 1993, ds. 66) same, vs. 67) P. probus, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, ex larva, emerged 25 November 1991, ds. 68) same, vs. 69) P. vulpecula, female, BRAZIL: Rio Purus, Hyatanahan (=Husteneã), no date, ds. 70) same, vs. 71) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 July 1994, ds. 72) same, vs. 73) P. sororcula, female, BRAZIL: Amazonas, Tefé (Ega), Rio Solimões, no date, ds. 74) same, vs. 75) P. spanda, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 22 November 1992, ds. 76) same, vs. 77) P. spanda, female, VENEZUELA: Delta Amacuro (Terr.), Rio Acure, no date, ds. 78) same, vs. 79) P. stresa, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 21 July 1994, ds. 80) same, vs. 81) P. zohra, male, VENEZUELA: Barinas, Rio Caparo Res. Sta, 32 km east of El Caton, 3-5 February 1978, ds. 82) same, vs.

Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927).

Figure 140-145. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 140) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3493); 141) P. spanda (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 142) P. stresa (also including posterior view of harpe), BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927); 143) P. zohra (also including posterior view of harpe), HONDURAS (GTA #8903); 144) P. convexus, holotype, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #2760); 145) P. splendidus (also including interior view of left valva), holotype, BOLIVIA (GTA #4182).