Porophyllum curticeps Malme (1931: 74)

Carneiro, Camila Rezendo & Ritter, Mara Rejane, 2016, Lectotypifications in Brazilian Porophyllum (Asteraceae: Tageteae), Phytotaxa 278 (1), pp. 62-64 : 63

2. Porophyllum curticeps Malme (1931: 74) .

Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: “Porto Alegre, Morro da Polícia, in saxosis ventosis, apricis”, 22 November 1901, G.O.A. Malme 501 (S!, lectotype designated here, isolectotypes GH, photo!, US, photo!).

Malme (1931) cited more than one specimen with different collector numbers and collected in different dates in the protologue. Being syntypes, all of them are available to be chosen as a lectotype, so the specimen Malme 501 at S is selected here because it is a hermaphrodite specimen with abundant, beautifully preserved and well developed plant material, whose label information matches the protologue. The specimens Malme 501a and Malme 1406 remain as syntypes.

Additional specimens examined (remaining syntypes): — BRAZIL: Porto Alegre , Morro da Polícia, 26 November 1901, G.O.A. Malme 501a (S!) ; ibidem, 21 February 1902, G.O.A. Malme 1406 (S!).

Malme (1931) described Porophyllum curticeps comparing it to P. lanceolatum Candolle (1836: 649) and pointing out as differences between them more abundant leaves, which are not glaucescent, and a shorter involucre of P. curticeps compared to P. lanceolatum . Porophyllum curticeps can also be distinguished from P. lanceolatum by the colour of the florets (light-yellow in P. lanceolatum and yellow-vinaceous or greenish-vinaceous in P. curticeps ), the colour of phyllaries (greenish in P. lanceolatum and vinaceous in P. curticeps ), the length of peduncles (longer in P. lanceolatum ), more abundant heads in P. curticeps , and the plant size (exceeding 1 m in P. curticeps , while in P. lanceolatum the height does not exceed 0.8 m).

Porophyllum curticeps is mostly restricted to Atlantic Forest (l.s.) of south Brazil, occurring on sandy soils of the coastal region, from the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul to Santa Catarina, and on rocky soils of hills in Porto Alegre and São Francisco de Paula municipalities, in Rio Grande do Sul. Porophyllum lanceolatum presents a more diffuse and wider distribution, occurring along the Pampas, including Argentina and Paraguai ( Zuloaga et al. 2016), and in other states of Brazil, coming close in some localities to the occurrence area of P. curticeps , but the distributions of these two species do not actually overlap.

3. Porophyllum linifolium ( Arduino 1764: 39) Candolle (1836: 649) . Cacalia linifolia Arduino (1764: 39) . Cacalia suffruticosa Linnaeus (1767: 109) , nom. illeg. superfl.

Type:—Herb. Linnaeus no. 976.2 (LINN, photo!, lectotype designated here).

Pietro Arduino (1764: 39) validly published Cacalia linifolia without mentioning any herbarium material. Three years later C. suffruticosa Linnaeus (1767: 109) was described, using and even citing a specimen sent to Linnaeus by Arduino, and including a direct reference to the protologue of Arduino’s species name: “ Ard. spec. 2. p. 39. t. 19. Habitat in Brasilia. Arduini”, thus creating an illegitimate superfluous name. The specimen which must have been kept in Arduino’s herbarium was probably destroyed during the World War II ( Stafleu & Cowan 1976) but its duplicate is available at LINN, erroneously named as C. fruticulosa (although there is the annotation “suffruticosa ” in the lower right corner of the sheet). We therefore designate here the specimen LINN 976.2 as the lectotype of C. linifolia .