Phrynopus mariellaleo, Venegas & Barboza & Riva & Padial, 2018

Venegas, Pablo J., Barboza, Andy C., Riva, Ignacio De La & Padial, José M., 2018, A new species of Phrynopus from the northeastern Andes of Peru, its phylogenetic position, and notes on the relationships of Holoadeninae (Anura: Craugastoridae), Zootaxa 4446 (4), pp. 501-524 : 504-510

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.4.5
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA56237C-79FC-49BB-8C02-FDF8FDD79E34
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980077
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/784587E8-A936-FFAE-FF29-A940FEA2FAAA
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Phrynopus mariellaleo
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov.

FIGURES 2–4 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 .

Holotype. CORBIDI 11668, AN ADULT fEMALE, fROM SEDRUSCO, VISTA ALEGRE DISTRICT, RODRÍGUEZ DE MENDOZA PROVINCE, DEPARTAMENTO AMAZONAS, PERU (6°6’42.9’’S, 77°26’24’’W, 2575 M ASL.; FIG. 5 View FIGURE 5 ) ObTAINED ON 3 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN.

Paratypes. SIX fEMALES ( CORBIDI 11669, 11657, 11692, 11707, 11796, 11799), fIVE MALES ( CORBIDI 11658, 11797–98, 11800–01, AND fOUR jUVENILES ( CORBIDI 11670–71, 11802, 11804), ALL COLLECTED AT THE SAME LOCATION AS THE HOLOTYPE bETWEEN 1–10 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN.

Diagnosis. (1) SKIN ON DORSUM SHAGREEN WITH SCATTERED LOW TUbERCLES, “V” OR “Y” SHAPED IRREGULAR (RIDGED) fOLDS IN SCAPULAR REGION, AND WITH OR WITHOUT A WEAK MIDDORSAL RIDGE; SKIN ON fLANKS SMOOTH WITH LOW fLAT WARTS; SKIN ON VENTER SMOOTH; DISCOIDAL fOLD WEAK, THORACIC fOLD PRESENT; DORSOLATERAL fOLDS PRESENT, COMPLETE; (2) TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND TYMPANIC ANNULUS PRESENT AND PROMINENT; SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD PROMINENT, THICK AND LONG, EXTENDING fROM THE POSTERIOR MARGIN Of THE EYELID TO bEHIND THE ARM INSERTION; (3) SNOUT ROUNDED IN DORSAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; (4) UPPER EYELID bEARING SMALL, LOW, ROUND TUbERCLES; UPPER EYELID WIDTH SLIGHTLY NARROWER THAN IOD; CRANIAL CRESTS AbSENT; (5) DENTIGEROUS PROCESSES Of VOMERS PROMINENT, ObLIqUE, NARROWLY SEPARATED, SITUATED POSTEROMEDIAL TO CHOANAE; (6) VOCAL SLITS AND NUPTIAL PADS AbSENT; (7) FINGERS I AND II EqUAL IN LENGTH; DISCS ON fINGERS NARROW, ROUNDED, bEARING WEAK CIRCUMfERENTIAL GROOVES; (8) fINGERS LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; (9) ULNAR TUbERCLES AbSENT; (10) HEEL AND OUTER EDGE TARSUS WITHOUT TUbERCLES; INNER TARSAL fOLD PRESENT, SHORT, ObLIqUE; (11) INNER METATARSAL TUbERCLE PROMINENT, ELLIPTICAL, THREE TIMES LARGER THAN THE LOWER, OVAL OUTER METATARSAL TUbERCLE; PLANTAR SURfACE SMOOTH; (12) TOES LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; WEbbING AbSENT; TOE III AND TOE V AbOUT EqUAL IN SIZE; TOE DISCS NARROW, ROUND, bEARING WEAK MARGINAL GROOVES, EqUAL IN SIZE AS THOSE ON fINGERS ; (13) DORSAL SURfACES LIGHT TO DARK bROWN WITH DARK bROWN TO bOLD bLACK bLOTCHES, WITH A DARK INTERORbITAL bAR, A PROMINENT DARK MIDDORSAL SPOT, AND DARK DIAGONAL bARS ON LIMbS; SIDES Of HEAD PALE TO DARK bROWN OR bLACK; CANTHUS ROSTRALIS AND TYMPANIC fOLD bOLD bLACK, OUTLINED AbOVE bY A CONTINUOUS THIN AND LIGHT STRIPE THAT RUNS fROM THE SNOUT TO THE END Of THE TYMPANIC fOLD bEHIND THE ARM; fLANKS Of SAME COLOR AS DORSUM OR SLIGHTLY LIGHTER THAN DORSUM, WITH SCATTERED DARK bROWN bLOTCHES OR DOTS AND WITH OR WITHOUT WHITE fLECKS ; GROIN bROWN TO REDDISH bROWN, TRANSLUCENT, WITH DIffUSE bROWN SPOTS; VENTRAL SURfACE PALE PINK, PINKISH bROWN OR bROWN WITH DARK bROWN MOTTLING, ESPECIALLY ON THE THROAT, OR DARK bROWN WITH WHITE RETICULATIONS ON THE bELLY; (14) SVL 23.4–30.0 MM (x ̅ = 27.7; n = 7) IN ADULTS MALES, 25.4–39.7 MM IN ADULT fEMALES (x ̅ = 34.4; n = 8).

Comparison with other species. Phrynopus mariellaleo DIffERS fROM ALL OTHER SPECIES Of Phrynopus EXCEPT P. auriculatus DUELLMAN AND HEDGES, AND P. peruanus PETERS, bY HAVING A DISTINCT TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND TYMPANIC ANNULUS. Phrynopus auriculatus AND P. peruanus CAN bE DISTINGUISHED fROM THE NEW SPECIES bY HAVING FINGER I LONGER THAN FINGER II (EqUAL IN SIZE IN THE NEW SPECIES). ADDITIONALLY, P. auriculatus IS bY fAR SMALLER THAN P. mariellaleo sp. nov. [MAXIMUM SVL 13.4 MM IN MALES AND 14.5 MM IN fEMALES Of P. auriculatus VS. SVL Of 23.4– 30.0 MM (x ̅ = 27.7; n = 7) IN MALES AND 25.4–39.7 MM (x ̅ = 34.4; n = 8) IN fEMALES Of P. mariellaleo sp. nov.]. FURTHERMORE, THE bELLY Of P. mariellaleo sp. nov. IS SMOOTH, WHILE ALL OTHER SPECIES Of Phrynopus HAVE EITHER AREOLATE VENTER ( P. anancites RODRÍGUEZ AND CATENAZZI, P. barthlenae LEHR AND AGUILAR, P. bufoides LEHR, LUNDbERG, AND AGUILAR, P. capitalis RODRÍGUEZ AND CATENAZZI, P. chaparroi MAMANI AND MALqUI, P. daemon CHáVEZ, SANTA- CRUZ, RODRÍGUEZ, AND LEHR, P. dagmarae LEHR, AGUILAR, AND KöHLER, P. dumicola RODRÍGUEZ AND CATENAZZI, P. heimorum LEHR, P. horstpauli LEHR, KöHLER, AND PONCE, P. kotosh LEHR, P. lapidoides LEHR AND RODRÍGUEZ, P. miroslawae CHAPARRO, PADIAL, AND DE LA RIVA, P. montium SHREVE, P. paucari LEHR, LUNDbERG, AND AGUILAR, P. peruanus , P. pesantesi LEHR, LUNDbERG, AND AGUILAR, P. tautzorum LEHR AND AGUILAR, P. thompsoni DUELLMAN, P. unchog LEHR AND RODRÍGUEZ, AND P. vestigiatus LEHR AND OROZ) OR fINELY OR WEAKLY AREOLATE VENTER ( P. badius LEHR, MORAVEC AND CUSI, P. interstinctus LEHR AND OROZ, P. lechriorhynchus TRUEb AND LEHR, P. oblivius LEHR, P. personatus RODRÍGUEZ AND CATENAZZI, AND P. tribulosus DUELLMAN AND HEDGES).

Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. IS MORPHOLOGICALLY VERY SIMILAR TO SPECIES Of Hypodactylus . HOWEVER, IT IS EASILY DISTINGUISHED fROM ALL SPECIES Of Hypodactylus bY HAVING A PROMINENT, bROAD, AND LONG SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD EXTENDING fROM bEHIND THE EYELID TO THE POSTERIOR END Of THE ARM INSERTION, AND A bOLD bLACK fACEMASK. THERE ARE CURRENTLY fOUR SPECIES Of Hypodactylus RECORDED IN PERU ( H. araiodactylus DUELLMAN AND PRAMUK, H. fallaciosus DUELLMAN, H. lucida CANNATELLA, AND H. nigrovittatus ANDERSSON) ( DUELLMAN & LEHR 2009). THE GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSER SPECIES TO P. mariellaleo sp. nov. ARE H. fallaciosus AND H. araiodactylus , bOTH fROM AMAZONAS DEPARTMENT IN THE NORTHERN PART Of THE CORDILLERA CENTRAL IN NORTHERN PERU ( DUELLMAN & LEHR 2009). Hypodactylus araiodactylus IS ONLY KNOWN bY A SINGLE SPECIMEN COLLECTED IN 1972 fOR WHICH THERE ARE NO PICTURES OR NOTES AbOUT ITS COLORATION IN LIfE (DUELLMAN AND PRAMUK 1999). LIKE P. mariellaleo sp. nov., H. araiodactylus HAS DORSOLATERAL fOLDS AND FINGER I EqUALS IN SIZE FINGER II. HOWEVER, P. mariellaleo DIffERS fROM H. araiodactylus bY LACKING LATERAL fRINGES ON fINGERS AND TOES (PRESENT IN H. araiodactylus ) AND bY HAVING A “V” OR “Y” SHAPED fOLD IN THE SCAPULAR REGION. Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. ALSO CAN bE DISTINGUISHED fROM OTHER PERUVIAN SPECIES Of Hypodactylus , LIKE H. fallaciosus , H. lucida AND H. nigrovittatus , bY HAVING COMPLETE DORSOLATERAL fOLDS, WHICH ARE INCOMPLETE IN H. lucida AND AbSENT IN THE REST Of SPECIES. Hypodactylus lucida HAS A SMALL TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND A SHORT SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD, AND LACKS MIDDORSAL fOLDS. Hypodactylus nigrovittatus HAS A SMALL, bARELY PERCEPTIbLE TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND AN INCONSPICUOUS SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD, AND EXTREMELY SHORT HEAD WITH SUbACUMINATE SNOUT IN DORSAL VIEW (bLUNTLY ROUNDED IN P. mariellaleo sp. nov.).

Description of the holotype. ADULT fEMALE WITH RObUST bODY; HEAD SLIGHTLY NARROWER THAN bODY, WIDER THAN LONG; HW 41 % Of SVL; HL 36 % Of SVL; SNOUT SHORT, LACKING TERMINAL TUbERCLE, bLUNTLY ROUNDED IN DORSAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; E–N 73 % Of EYE DIAMETER; NOSTRILS ROUNDED, DIRECTED DORSOLATERALLY; CANTHUS ROSTRALIS SLIGHTLY CURVED IN DORSAL VIEW, CURVED IN PROfILE; LOREAL REGION CONCAVE; LIPS ROUNDED; UPPER EYELID WITH fEW fLATTENED LITTLE TUbERCLES; EW 70 % Of IOD; TYMPANIC ANNULUS PRESENT; TYMPANIC MEMbRANE DISTINCT WITH DORSAL MARGIN ObSCURED bY SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD; SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD PROMINENT, EXTENDING fROM EYELIDS TO bEHIND ARM INSERTION; TY 35 % Of EYE DIAMETER, ED AbOUT 1.5 TIMES TYMPANUM DIAMETER; SEVERAL MINUTE POSTRICTAL TUbERCLES PRESENT. CHOANAE SMALL, OVOID, PARTLY CONCEALED bY PALATAL SHELf Of MAXILLA; DENTIGEROUS PROCESSES Of VOMERS PROMINENT, ObLIqUE, NARROWLY SEPARATED, WITH INDISTINCT NUMbER Of TEETH, SITUATED POSTEROMEDIAL TO CHOANAE; TONGUE AS LONG AS WIDE, NOTCHED bEHIND, HALf Of ITS LENGTH fREE POSTERIORLY.

SKIN ON HEAD SMOOTH WITH SOME SCATTERED MINUTE TUbERCLES fROM THE INTERORbITAL REGION TO TIP Of THE SNOUT; DORSUM SMOOTH WITH A WEAKLY DEfINED MIDDORSAL fOLD; “V” OR “Y” SHAPED SCAPULAR fOLD PRESENT; DORSOLATERAL fOLD PRESENT, PROMINENT; SKIN ON fLANKS WITH SEVERAL fLATTENED TUbERCLES; SKIN ON THROAT, CHEST AND VENTER SMOOTH; DISCOIDAL fOLD AbSENT; CLOACAL SHEATH SHORT; CLOACAL REGION TUbERCULATE. ULNAR TUbERCLES COALESCED INTO A LOW fOLD; PALMAR TUbERCLES fLESHY, ELEVATED, OUTER PALMAR TUbERCLE bIfID, APPROXIMATELY TWICE SIZE Of OVOID, THENAR TUbERCLE; DISTAL SUbARTICULAR TUbERCLES WEAKLY DEfINED, EXCEPT PROXIMALLY, ROUND IN VENTRAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; SUPERNUMERARY TUbERCLE AT bASES Of FINGERS II AND III INDISTINCT; fINGERS LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; FINGER I AND FINGER II EqUAL IN SIZE; DISCS ON fINGERS NARROW, WITH ROUNDED TIPS; PADS ON fINGERS bEARING WEAK CIRCUMfERENTIAL GROOVES.

HIND LIMbS SLENDER, TL 55 % Of SVL; FL 53 % Of SVL; UPPER SURfACES Of HIND LIMbS AREOLATE; POSTERIOR AND VENTRAL SURfACES Of THIGHS SMOOTH; HEEL LACKING TUbERCLES; OUTER SURfACE Of TARSUS LACKING TUbERCLES; SHORT INNER TARSAL fOLD PRESENT; INNER METATARSAL TUbERCLE PROMINENT, ELLIPTICAL, THREE TIMES bIGGER THAN SIZE Of LOW, INDISTINCT OUTER METATARSAL TUbERCLE; PLANTAR SURfACE SMOOTH WITH SOME INDISTINCT SUPERNUMERARY TUbERCLES; SUbARTICULAR TUbERCLES WELL DEfINED, ROUND IN VENTRAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; TOES LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; WEbbING AbSENT; DISCS ON TOES NARROW WITH ROUNDED TIPS, LIKE THOSE ON fINGERS; TOES LACKING CIRCUMfERENTIAL GROOVES; RELATIVE LENGTHS Of TOES: 1<2<3<5<4; TOE III AND TOE V AbOUT EqUAL IN LENGTH.

Measurements of the holotype (in mm). SVL, 39.7; TL, 22.0; FL, 21.3; HL, 14.4; HW, 16.6; ED, 4.5; TY,

1.6; IOD, 5.1; EW 3.6; IND, 4.1; E–N, 3.3. Color of holotype in life. DORSALLY, HEAD CREAM WITH A DARK bROWN INTERORbITAL STRIPE ( FIG. 3 View FIGURE 3 ); SIDES Of HEAD

DARK bROWN, LIPS WHITISH CREAM, TYMPANIC MEMbRANE DARK bROWN WITH YELLOWISH bROAD RING AROUND, SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD AND CANTHUS ROSTRALIS bOLD bLACK, OUTLINED bY A THIN CREAM STRIPE AbOVE; DORSUM CREAM WITH DIffUSE GRAYISHbROWN bLOTCHES, “V” SHAPED SCAPULAR fOLD AND DORSOLATERAL fOLD WITH DARK bROWN (ALMOST bLACK) DOTS, AND A DARK bROWN MIDDORSAL SPOT; fLANKS AND GROIN PALER THAN DORSUM, WITH SCATTERED bROWN WARTS; DORSAL SURfACE Of LIMbS GRAYISH bROWN WITH A DARK bROWN bLOTCH ON THE fOREARM AND DARK bROWN TRANSVERSAL bARS WITH CREAM MARGINS ON THE HINDLIMbS; ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURfACE Of THIGHS bROWNISH CREAM; DORSAL SURfACE Of fINGERS CREAM WITH bROWN bLOTCHES; DORSAL SURfACE Of TOES LIGHT CREAM. VENTRALLY, THROAT PALE ORANGE WITH bROWN MOTTLING ANTERIORLY AND bROWN bLOTCHES ALONG THE EDGE Of CHIN; CHEST PALE LAVENDER; bELLY WITH WHITE AND bROWN MOTTLING; VENTRAL SURfACE Of THIGHS PALE LAVENDER WITH fAINT WHITE fLECKS; PALMS, SOLES AND METATARSUS DARK bROWN, AND TOES CREAM SUffUSED WITH bROWN. IRIS COPPER-COLORED IN THE UPPER HALf AND DARK bROWN IN THE LOWER HALf.

Color of holotype in preservative. THE DORSAL PATTERNS ARE IDENTICAL TO THOSE IN LIfE ( FIG. 2 View FIGURE 2 ), bUT THE bACKGROUND LIGHT COLORATION bECAME DARKER, AND DARK MARKS bECAME PALER. VENTRALLY, ALL LIGHT AREAS bECAME YELLOW, AND ALL MARKS bECAME bROWN OR PALE bROWN.

Variation. MALES ARE SMALLER THAN fEMALES ( TAbLE 2). THE SKIN TEXTURE IN THE NEW SPECIES IS SLIGHTLY VARIAbLE. THE “V” SHAPED SCAPULAR fOLD CAN bE WELL DEfINED IN SOME SPECIMENS (E.G. CORBIDI 11658) OR POORLY DEfINED (E.G. CORBIDI 11657); ONLY IN SOME SPECIMENS (CORBIDI 11669–70, AND 11707) THE “V” CONNECTS WITH A SHORT MIDDORSAL fOLD fORMING A “Y” SHAPED fOLD. SPECIMEN CORBIDI 11658 HAS A MIDDORSAL fOLD THAT EXTENDS fROM THE END Of THE SCAPULAR REGION TO THE VENT. A bLACK MIDDORSAL TUbERCLE IS PRESENT IN SOME SPECIMENS (E.G., CORBIDI 11658 AND 11692) AND ONLY A bLACK MIDDORSAL bLOTCH IN OTHERS (E.G. CORBIDI 11657 AND 11669), AND THERE IS ONE SPECIMEN WITHOUT MIDDORSAL TUbERCLE OR bLOTCH (CORBIDI 11801). SOME SPECIMENS, AS CORBIDI 11658 View Materials , HAVE A LONGITUDINAL RIDGED fOLD ON THE MIDDLE Of THE HEAD.

IN LIfE, DORSAL SURfACES CAN bE CREAM, LIKE IN THE HOLOTYPE, OR PRESENT DIffERENT SHADES Of bROWN LIKE CINNAMON bROWN (CORBIDI 11669), DARK bROWN (CORBIDI 11657), OR GRAYISH bROWN (CORBIDI 11658). JUVENILES ARE GRAY DORSALLY (CORBIDI 11671). DORSAL MARKS ARE HIGHLY VARIAbLE; THEY CAN bE fAINT, LIKE IN THE HOLOTYPE AND MOST SPECIMENS, OR AbUNDANT AND DISTINCT (E.G., CORBIDI 11657). DORSAL MARKS INCLUDE DARK bROWN bLOTCHES, SPOTS, fLECKS, AN INTERORbITAL bAR, A CHEVRON MARK ON THE POSTERIOR HALf Of DORSUM, A MIDDORSAL SPOT, AND DIAGONAL MARKS ON LIMbS. THE VENTRAL HALf Of fLANKS IS SUffUSED WITH CREAM AND bROWN, bUT SOME SPECIMENS HAVE SCATTERED bROWN bLOTCHES (CORBIDI 11657) AND OTHER ARE SPRINKLED WITH WHITE fLECKS (CORBIDI 11692). THE GROIN IS PALER THAN THE DORSUM IN ALL SPECIMENS, AND ONE SPECIMEN (CORBIDI 11658) HAS A RED GROIN. THE DARK bROWN fACIAL MASK IS PRESENT IN ADULTS bUT AbSENT IN jUVENILES (CORBIDI 11670 AND 11671). IN MOST SPECIMENS, THE DORSAL fOLDS ARE DISTINCTLY PALER THAN THE bACKGROUND COLORATION (E.G. CORBIDI 11707), bUT IN SOME SPECIMENS fOLDS ARE OUTLINED WITH DARK bROWN TO bLACK MARKS (CORBIDI 11657–8). THE LIPS ARE SLIGHTLY LIGHTER (E.G. CORBIDI 11657 AND 11692), OR DISTINCTLY LIGHTER (CORBIDI 11658, 11669, 11796), AND COLORED IN WHITE OR CREAM. VENTRALLY, THE THROAT IS USUALLY PINKISH bROWN bUT IT IS DARK bROWN IN SOME SPECIMENS (CORBIDI 11657). THE CHEST, bELLY AND VENTRAL SURfACE Of THIGHS ARE DARK PINK WITH A bROWN AND WHITE MOTTLING OR WHITISH CREAM WITH A bROWN MOTTLING (E.G. CORBIDI 11671). PALMS AND SOLES ARE bROWN OR PINKISH bROWN LIKE fINGERS AND TOES, bUT SOME SPECIMENS HAVE fINGERS OR TOES DISTINCTIVELY CREAM (CORBIDI 11657). THE IRIS IS bICOLORED IN ALL SPECIMENS bUT THE UPPER HALf CAN bE DARK COPPER OR GOLDEN COPPER WHILE THE LOWER HALf IS ALWAYS bROWN.

Distribution and natural history. THE NEW SPECIES IS KNOWN ONLY fROM THE TYPE LOCALITY IN THE HEADWATERS Of THE MAYO RIVER, AMAZONAS DEPARTMENT, AT 2575 M ASL ( FIG. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). THIS AREA LIES ON THE AMAZONIAN SLOPES Of THE EXTREME NORTHEASTERN PORTION Of THE CENTRAL ANDES IN NORTHERN PERU ( FIG. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). THE ECOSYSTEM IS COMPOSED Of HUMID MONTANE fORESTS WITH SOME SCATTERED PATCHES Of Chusquea SPP. THAT GROW ON ROCKY fLOORS COVERED bY A THICK LAYER Of LEAf LITTER MIXED WITH MOSS AND ROOTS ( FIG. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). THIS HAbITAT IS CLASSIfIED AS YUNGAS (500–2300 M) ACCORDING TO BRACK (1986) AND PEÑA-HERRERA DEL ÁGUILA (1989), OR PERUVIAN YUNGAS ACCORDING TO OLSON et al. (2001). Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. WAS fOUND ON THE fOREST fLOOR WITHIN THE LEAf LITTER. THE fIRST COLLECTED SPECIMEN WAS fOUND bY DAY WHILE REMOVING THE LEAf LITTER AND ROOTS TO SET THE CAMPING SITE. SPECIMENS jUMPED WHEN THE MOSS WAS REMOVED. THREE SPECIMENS WERE CAPTURED IN PITfALL TRAPS AND ANOTHER WAS fOUND INSIDE A SHERMAN TRAP fOR RODENTS. THE REST Of SPECIMENS WERE SPOTTED IN THE MIDDLE Of A bROAD TRAIL WITH SCARCE LEAf LITTER WHILE SEARCHING AT NIGHT. OTHER ANURANS COLLECTED IN THIS AREA WERE Pristimantis corrugatus , P. schultei , Pristimantis SP., AND Gastrotheca SP. SOME SPECIMENS SHOW SCRATCHES ON THE bACK RESEMbLING THOSE ObSERVED IN MALES Of GLADIATOR fROGS ( Boana pulchellus GROUP) AND THAT IN THOSE fROGS ARE PRODUCED DURING MALE-MALE COMbATS USING THE PREPOLLICAL SPINES.

Etymology. THE SPECIfIC NAME “MARIELLALEO” IS A PATRONYM (USED AS A SUbSTANTIVE IN APPOSITION) fOR MARIELLA LEO, IN RECOGNITION Of HER TIRELESS EffORTS TO PRESERVE bIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN PERU. SINCE 1982 SHE HAS bEEN WORKING fOR THE ASOCIACIÓN PERUANA PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA NATURALEZA (APECO), ONE Of THE MOST IMPORTANT NON-PROfIT ORGANIZATIONS DEDICATED TO bIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION IN PERU. WITH APECO, MARIELLA CONTINUES TO WORK fOR THE PROTECTION Of MONTANE ECOSYSTEMS IN AMAZONAS DEPARTMENT, INCLUDING THE AREA WHERE THE NEW SPECIES WAS DISCOVERED.