Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak

Sukkharak, Phiangphak, 2015, A systematic monograph of the genus Thysananthus (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta), Phytotaxa 193 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.193.1.1
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scientific name	Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak
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4. Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak View in CoL in Sukkharak & Gradstein (2014b: 61). Phragmicoma ciliaris Sande Lacoste (1864: 307) . Lopholejeunea ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Schiffner (1898: 291) . Ptychocoleus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Stephani (1912b: 39) . Mastigolejeunea ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Verdoorn (1933a: 79) . Type: INDONESIA. Banca: “...Baroe prope Batoeroesak”, Kurz s.n. (holotype L!).

Plants dioicous, with projecting growth, turning upwards and becoming ascending to erect, dark brown in herbarium specimens, up to 3 cm long × 0.8−1.5 mm wide. Stems rigid; ventral merophyte 8−9 cell rows wide; stem in cross section orbicular-subelliptic, 137−200 µm high × 112−190 µm wide, 16–22 cell layers high, composed of 20−37 epidermal cells surrounding 31−93 medullary cells, dorsal epidermal cells larger and somewhat thinner-walled than medullary and ventral epidermal cells. Leaves imbricate, when dry suberect and convolute, when moist strongly convex and ventrad, apical part turned to the ventral side, recurved; dorsal lobe asymmetrically ovate, 0.6−0.7 × 0.5−0.6 mm, apex apiculate, margin entire, dorsal base auriculate, ventral margin incurved 1/2 × leaf length; cells elongate-hexagonal with acute ends, vitta absent, marginal cells 12−17 × 10−12 µm, median cells 20−25 × 7−12 µm, basal cells 30−37 × 15−22 µm, trigones cordate, often coalesced, intermediate thickenings 0−1(−2) per cell; oil bodies unknown. Lobules rectangular, 0.2−0.3 × 0.1−0.2 mm, 1/3 × lobe length; appendage on surface of lobule base not developed; keel without appendage; lobule apex oblique, free margin continuing into the ventral lobe margin, apex with one linear tooth, the tooth consisting of 6−9 cells, being 2−3 cells wide at base and ending in a row of 4−5(−6) cells. Underleaves imbricate, slightly squarrose, broadly obovate,

Thysananthus ( Lejeuneaceae , Marchantiophyta) Phytotaxa 193 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 25 0.4−0.5 × 0.5−0.6 mm, 3−4 × stem width, apex broadly rounded to truncate, plane, margins entire, bases cuneate, underleaf bases free or adnate with leaves on one side, on left-hand side for right branches and right-hand side for left branches; cells 17−20 × 7−10 µm. Androecia terminal-intercalary on lateral branches, bracts and bracteoles in 8−10 pairs, bracts hypostatic, 0.6−0.7 × 0.3−0.4 mm, apex acute, margins entire; antheridia 2 per bract. Gynoecia with 2 lejeuneoid innovations forming a dichasial pattern; lobe ovate, 0.9−1 × 0.6−0.8 mm, apex apiculate, margins in upper 2/3 with laciniate teeth, the teeth consisting of 3–13 cells, being 2–3 cells wide at base and ending in a row of 2−5 cells; lobules broadly ovate, 2/3 × lobe length, apex apiculate, margins with laciniate teeth, the teeth consisting of 3−10 cells, being 2−3 cells wide at base and ending in a row of 2−5 cells; bracteoles spathulate, 0.9−1 × 0.7−0.8 mm, apex emarginate, 2/3 × bracteole length with laciniate teeth, the teeth consisting of 4–9 cells, being 2−3 cells wide at base and ending in a row of 2−6 cells, margins slightly recurved. Perianths oblong, 0.9−1 × 0.6−0.7 mm, keels in upper 1/3 with numerous laciniate teeth, the teeth consisting of 5−11 cells, being 2−3 cells wide at base and ending in a row of 3−7 cells; beak 30−50 µm (3−4 cells) in length. Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 .

Additional illustrations:— Verdoorn (1933a, p. 78 as Mastigolejeunea ciliaris ).

Distribution and ecology:— Malaysia and Indonesia; 50 m, on tree buttress and on trunk of fallen tree at the shore. Fig. 5N View FIGURE 5 .

Representative specimens:— Malaysia. PERAK: Taiping, on old planted trees in park around Taiping lake at the foot of Maxwell Hill , Gradstein 10366 ( GOET) . Indonesia. SUMATRA: Bangka, near Batoeroesak , 14 August 1858, Amand 181 (L), ibid., 14 July 1858, Amand s.n. (L), ibid., without date, Amand s.n. (L); Senajang, Achmad 23 (L) .

Taxonomic notes:— Thysananthus ciliaris is a poorly understood species that has in the past been assigned to four different genera. Thiers & Gradstein (1989) treated the species as a synonym of Schiffneriolejeunea pulopenangensis (Gottsche in Gottsche et al. 1845: 299) Gradstein (1974: 335) based on study of putative isotype material in FH (not seen). My study of the holotype in L, however, shows that it is a member of Thysananthus and is a distinct species. It is most similar to T. comosus and was erroneously included under the latter name in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lejeuneaceae by Wilson et al. (2007). Thysananthus ciliaris differs from T. comosus by its enlarged dorsal epidermis (epidermal cells as large as medulla cells in T. comosus ), entire leaves and underleaves (sometimes toothed in T. comosus ), elongate lobule teeth 4−6 cells long (0−1(−2) cells long in T. comosus ), and underleaf bases usually free from underleaves, rarely adnate (always adnate in T. comosus ). Material of T. comosus was used in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lejeuneaceae by Wilson et al. (2007). Thysananthus ciliaris shares several characters with the members of subsect. Thysananthus (toothed female involucres and perianths) and subsect. Anguiformes (dorsal epidermal cells larger and somewhat thinner-walled than medulla and ventral epidermal cells), which suggests that it could represent an evolutionary link between these groups. Thysananthus ciliaris may also be confused with T. retusus , which possesses elongate lobule teeth (4−6 cells long). However, T. retusus differs by epidermal cells as large as medullary cells, isodiametric leaf cells, and presence of a vitta.