Philonthus stigmatias, Smetana, 1995

Herman, Taphylininae Iochini Aorothiini Thiini Latyprosopini Taphylinini Mblyopinina Nisolinina Yptiomina Hilonthina Lee H., 2001, Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium. V. Staphylinine Group (Part 2) Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (265), pp. 2441-3020 : 2441-3020

stigmatias Smetana, 1995 , see: ferreipennis Horn, 1884 .

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960d: 135 ( Philonthus ; Portugal).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 425 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters; Iberian Peninsula).

— Coiffait, 1974: 206 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters; Spain).

— Aranda and Outerelo, 1991: 121 ( Philonthus ; cited as suavis ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Portugal, Spain, France.

gratiosus Brisout, 1866: 359 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Espagne: bords du Mançanarès et environs de Madrid).

— Fauvel, 1874: 223 [= 1874a: 449] ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 206 ( Philonthus ; synonym of suavus , cited as suavis ).

subaeneicollis Bernhauer, 1931d: 585 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Abyssinia: Mt. Zukwala , ca. 9,000 ft.; Jem-Jem Forest, 8,000–9,000 ft.; Mt. Chillalo, ca. 9,000 ft.).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1955: 172 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Tottenham, 1962: 181 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

subaeneipennis Bernhauer, 1916c: 32 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Columbien: Muzo,

Rio Cantinere, 500 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

subaereipennis Bernhauer, 1939 , see: Bisnius .

subcingulatus W. J. MacLeay, 1873: 141 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Gayndah).

— Fauvel, 1877: 270 ( Quedius ; characters; Australia).

— Blackburn, 1896: 262 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916: 435 ( Philonthus with the following statement: “Under Philonthus should be inserted the following, which Fauvel erroneously placed in Quedius :”).

— Bernhauer, 1920: 16 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Lea, 1925: 221 ( Philonthus ; from nest of Pheidole sp. ; Australia).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Caledonia.

sanguinicollis Fauvel, 1877: 265 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Australie, Victoria;

Rivière Paroo).

— Fauvel, 1878g: 548 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Fauvel, 1889b: 266 ( Philonthus ; notes; New Caledonia).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 271 ( Philonthus ; New Caledonia; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916: 435 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

— Bernhauer, 1916a: 5 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Lea, 1925: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subcingulatus ).

subdecorus Cameron, 1950d: 18 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Negri Sembilan: Bukit Tangga ). - DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia.

subdepressus Bernhauer, 1939 , see: Gabrius .

subfoetidus Coiffait, 1983d: 166 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nepal: Ganesh Himal ,

entre Salmi et Rupchet, 1500 à 3600 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

subfuscus Gyllenhal, 1810, see: umbratilis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

subirideus Kraatz, 1859 , see: delicatulus Boheman, 1858 .

subjectus Cameron, 1932: 108 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sikkim: Tonglo ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1362 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

subvirescens Thomson, 1884: 1032 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lappland).

— Horn, 1884: 187 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as atratus according to Smetana, 1995e: 148]; characters; Hudson Bay).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 446 ( Philonthus ; synonym of atratus ).

— Poppius, 1909: 23 ( Philonthus ; Lena Valley, Siberia ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 329 ( Philonthus ; synonym of atratus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; valid species; catalog).

— Suomalainen, 1941 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of atratus ; characters; Finland).

— Hatch, 1957: 197 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as atratus according to Smetana, 1995e: 148]; characters; British Columbia; Washington; Oregon).

— Smetana, 1963c: 294 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Palm, 1963b: 68 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Norway; Finland).

— Smetana, 1965a: 4 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; cited as valid species; British Columbia; Alaska).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 392 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 250 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Smetana 1975c: 169 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Shilov, 1976: 148 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Andersen, 1982: 66 ( Philonthus ; natural history; Norway).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 165 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Northwest Territories; Yukon Territory; Alaska; California; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; New Mexico; Oregon; South Dakota; Utah; Washington; Wyoming).

— Ryabukhin, 1999: 64 ( Philonthus ; catalog; habitat; distribution; northeastern Russia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Russia, Mongolia, Canada; Alaska.

perforatus Fauvel, 1889a: 114 ( Philonthus ; named to replace atratus as misidentified by Hamilton, 1884: 111, Transactions of the American Entomological Society; [Note: Fauvel cited 1884 as the date for the Hamilton article but it should probably be 1889, volume 16]; Type locality: California: Cisco).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subvirescens ).

septentrionis Fall, 1926: 149 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Dawson , Yukon Territory).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 148 ( Philonthus ; synonym of subvirescens ).

succicola Thomson, 1860: 157 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Skåne).

— Erichson, 1839a: 448 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 cited carbonarius Erichson as a synonym of chalceus Stephens ; Erichson did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Gyllenhal who attributed it to Gravenhorst; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters).

— Heer, 1839: 259 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Heer cited Erichson as the author but Erichson did not describe the species; he attributed it to Gyllenhal who cited Gravenhorst as author; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Switzerland).

— Erichson, 1840: 437 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius ; [Note: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 cited carbonarius Erichson, 1839a: 448 as a synonym of chalceus but it was a misidentification and so presumably was Erichson’s 1840 citation of carbonarius ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Europe).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 577 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use of the name is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 190 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; Austria).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 24 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification;

— Rye, 1864a: 54 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Britain).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Fauvel, 1869: 488 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; valid species).

— Fauvel, 1874: 215 [= 1874a: 441] ( Philonthus ; synonym of proximus ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 273 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 374 [= 1877: 229] ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as carbonarius Erichson but Erichson did not describe the species and his use is treated as a misidentification of chalceus ; P. chalceus was misidentified by most authors according to Tottenham, 1937a]; characters; France).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; [Note: According to Tottenham, 1939d: 232 Ganglbauer’s use of chalceus was a misidentification of succicola ]; characters; Europe; Siberia ; North India).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Poppius, 1905: 9 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Shetland Islands).

— Reitter, 1909: 125 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 331 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 394 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Denmark).

— Cameron, 1932: 80 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; illustration of aedeagus).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 153 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; China).

— West, 1937: 39 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Faroe Islands).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 232 ( Philonthus ; valid species).

— Hinton, 1945: 76 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Normand, 1947a: 8 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Tunisia).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 51 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 164 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 164 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 146 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on

— Scheerpeltz, 1961d: 128 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Italy).

— Lohse, 1964: 177 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; central Europe).

— Smetana, 1964d: 74 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Czechoslovakia).

— Horion, 1965: 129 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; all Europe).

— Pototskaia, 1966: 146, 158 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; larval characters).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 63 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 392 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Scheerpeltz, 1968a: 67 ( Philonthus ; synonym of chalceus ).

— Raianu, 1968a: 462 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 727 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Poland).

— Szujecki, 1969a: 255 ( Philonthus ; notes; Poland).

— Jarrige, 1971: 494 ( Philonthus ; Iran).

— Bacchus and Hammond, 1972: 63 ( Philonthus ; lion dung; Britain).

— Coiffait, 1974a: 198 ( Philonthus ; Siberia ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 222 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Scandinavia; Britain; Mongolia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 223 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; synonym of succicola ).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 98] ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; Komi region of Russia).

— Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; found under bark).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 289 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Muona, 1979: 14 ( Philonthus ; Finland; Russia; Sweden; Norway; Denmark; Baltic states).

— Tóth, 1984: 48 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; characters; Hungary).

— Segers, 1986: 45 ( Philonthus ; Belgium).

— Muona and Viramo, 1986: 13 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Drugmand, 1987b: 14, 47 ( Philonthus ; habitat; distribution in Belgium).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification; based on work by Tottenham (1937a: 190; 1939d: 232) most uses of chalceus were misidentifications of succicola ]; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 163 ( Philonthus ; notes).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 163 ( Philonthus ; cited as chalceus Stephens [Note: Misidentification;

sumatrensis Cameron, 1933d: 388 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sumatra: Fort de Kock ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

sumbaensis Scheerpeltz, 1957c: 234 , 324 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sumba: Mau Marru).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

superbus Arrow, 1915 , see: Leucitus .

supernus Herman, 2001: 48 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for excelsus Bernhauer ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

excelsus Bernhauer, 1941c: 287 [= 1951: 277] ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality:

Süd-Peru: Ocaña, 3100 m; Oberh. Palco, 3240 m; Oberh. Totora, 4000 m).

— Herman, 2001: 48 ( Philonthus ; synonym of supernus ).

suspectus Erichson, 1840: 465 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Caracas Columbiae).

— Fauvel, 1891: 115 ( Philonthus ; Venezuela).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 356 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Uruguay).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay.

quadraticollis Sharp, 1885: 409 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Cordova , Jalapa;

Guatemala, San Geronimo; South America, Rio de Janeiro).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; synonym of suspectus ).

suspiciosus Cameron, 1932: 129 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Burma: Ruby Mines ;

Tenasserim).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

suspiritus Last, 1987: 28 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Irian Jaya: New Guinea: S. Highlands,

Dimifa, SE of Mt. Giluwe, 2200 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

sutteri Scheerpeltz, 1957c: 234 , 321 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sumba: Baing).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

suturalis Marsham, 1802 , see: discoideus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

suturalis Stephens, 1832 , see: discoideus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

suturalis Nordmann, 1837 , see: transbaicalia Hochhuth, 1851 .

suturamonus Tottenham, 1939 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: sanguinolentus Gravenhorst,

1802.

suturorubineous Pajni and Kohli, 1977: 517 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: India: Chandigarh,

Labour Colony).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

svanetiensis Coiffait, 1974 , see: frigidus Märkel and Kiesenwetter, 1848 .

swynnertoni Tottenham, 1953 , see: altivagans Fauvel, 1907 .

sylvicola Cameron, 1949a: 320 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Côte d’Ivoire: Mt. Tonkoui ,

900–1200 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ivory Coast.

synonymicus Roubal, 1915 , see: Bisnius .

syriacus Gridelli, 1924 , see: Rabigus .

syrovatkai Roubal, 1913 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: Bisnius .

tabius Tottenham, 1955: 176 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Cape Colony: Queenstown ).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

tachiniformis Say, 1830: 37 [= 1834: 450] ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Mexico).

— Erichson, 1840: 930 ( Philonthus ; characters; Mexico).

— Sharp, 1885: 425 ( Philonthus ; notes; Mexico).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

tarsalis Smetana, 1963d: 412 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; Type locality: Ost- Asien: UdSSR, Primorskij kraj, Küsten-Provinz, Naturschutzgebiet, “Kedrovaja pad”). — Coiffait, 1967a: 439 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; eastern Asia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 306 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; East Asia).

— Hayashi, 1994: 124 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; Japan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia, Japan.

taterae Scheerpeltz, 1951b: 27 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: South Africa: Vredefort ,

Orange Free State; Zuurbekom, Transvaal, Roodepoort district).

— Tottenham, 1962: 217, 220 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

taunggyiensis Scheerpeltz, 1965: 218 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: S. Shan-States, Burma, 1500 m, Taunggyi).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

tauricus Nordmann, 1837 , see: Quedius .

tectipennis Coiffait, 1967 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: velatipennis Solsky, 1870 .

tectus Last, 1968 , see: Hesperus .

temperei Coiffait, 1987 , see: politus Linné, 1758 .

temporalis Mulsant and Rey, 1853: 61 [= 1853a: 74] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Suisse).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 516 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1855: 23 ( Xantholinus ; notes).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 573, note ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Rye, 1864a: 55 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Britain).

— Fauvel, 1874: 218 [= 1874a: 444] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Germany; Switzerland; Tirol; Italy).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 379 [= 1877: 235] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 445 ( Philonthus ; characters; Alps; Jura; Rheinland).

— Reitter, 1909: 126 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Portevin, 1929: 359 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Wüsthoff, 1937a: 347 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Smetana, 1958: 168 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia). — Smetana, 1959: 148 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Lohse, 1964: 178 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 138 ( Philonthus ; Holland; Switzerland; France; Italy; Bosnia; Romania; Poland; Austria; Germany).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Coiffait, 1974: 228 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Tóth, 1984: 51 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Drugmand, 1987a: 311 ( Philonthus ; Belgium).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 63 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czechoslovakia?).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 29 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 137 ( Philonthus ; characters; West Palaearctic).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe.

punctiventris Kraatz, 1857d: 578 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Baiern).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 985 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

— Rye, 1870a: 82 ( Philonthus ; notes).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 445 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 168 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 228 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 137 ( Philonthus ; synonym of temporalis ).

temporalis Coiffait, 1977 , see: aeolus Herman, 2001 .

temporalisoides Drugmand, 1988, see: addendus Sharp, 1867 .

temporasinus Schubert, 1911 , see: morio Boheman, 1848 .

temporatus Last, 1968 , see: Hesperus .

tenebrosus Boheman, 1858: 28 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Buenos Ayres).

— Lynch, 1884: 149 ( Philonthus ; characters; Argentina).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1363 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

tenellicornis Scheerpeltz, 1978: 220 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Glaphyronthus ; Type locality: Turisca, Timor).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

tenellus Wollaston, 1864 , see: Neobisnius .

tenuemicans Scheerpeltz, 1965: 207 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: N.E. Burma, Kambaiti , 2000 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

tenuepunctatus Scheerpeltz, 1965: 220 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: N.E. Burma, Kambaiti , 2000 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

tenuicornis Mulsant and Rey, 1853: 58 [= 1853a: 71] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lyonnais , Bourgogne).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 319 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 331 cited carbonarius Gyllenhal as a valid species; Gyllenhal did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Gravenhorst]; characters; Sweden).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 516 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1855: 23 ( Xantholinus ; notes; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 574, note ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Rye, 1863: 82 (Philontus; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 339 cited punctiventris Janson as a synonym of carbonarius Gyllenhal ; Janson did not describe the species that was cited in Rye’s article. Janson reported the species from Britain based on one specimen; Rye reported Janson’s finding as punctiventris Kraatz ]; notes; characters; Britain).

— Fauvel, 1874: 217 [= 1874a: 443] ( Philonthus ; synonym of carbonarius ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 273 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius Gyllenhal ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 381 [= 1877: 237] ( Philonthus ; characters; larval characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 14 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius Gyllenhal ; Finland).

— Fowler, 1888: 263 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius Gyllenhal ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 445 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius Gyllenhal and with tenuicornis as synonym; characters; Europe).

— Reitter, 1909: 126 ( Philonthus ; cited as carbonarius Gyllenhal ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 331 ( Philonthus ; synonym of carbonarius Gyllenhal ; [Note: The carbonarius of Gyllenhal is an unavailable, misidentified species]).

— Johansen, 1914: 395 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Gyllenhal cited as author]; characters; Denmark).

— Cameron, 1932: 81 ( Philonthus ; synonym of carbonarius ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1335 ( Philonthus ; synonym of carbonarius ). — Tottenham, 1939d: 231 ( Philonthus ; cited with carbonarius Gyllenhal as a junior synonym; [Note: Gyllenhal did not describe carbonarius ]).

— Smetana, 1958: 166 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited with carbonarius Gyllenhal as the senior name and tenuicornis as a junior synonym; [Note: carbonarius was described by Gravenhorst; the carbonarius Gyllenhal referred to by Gyllenhal has been associated with tenuicornis ]; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Jarrige, 1971: 495 ( Philonthus ; Iran).

— Coiffait, 1974: 228 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Scandinavia; Britain).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 289 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Raichev, 1979: 82 ( Philonthus ; Bulgaria).

— Hinton, 1981: 661 ( Philonthus ; characters of egg).

— Frank, 1982: 43 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 165 ( Philonthus ; note).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 62 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Welch, 1993: 228 ( Philonthus ; ovariole number and ovary structure).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 29 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1995e: 123 ( Philonthus ; characters; introduced species; British Columbia).

— Luff, 1996: 30 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Isle of Man).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 130 ( Philonthus ; characters; West Palaearctic region as far east as Caucasus and Iran; introduced in Nearctic).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Iran, Canada.

tenuimarginatus Scheerpeltz, 1960c: 112 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Bolivien: Cochabamba, 2600 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia.

tenuissimus Tottenham, 1949 , see: Gabronthus .

tergomaculatus Lecoq, 1997: 282 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Madagascar Est , Ambodivoangy).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

terminalis LeConte, 1863 , see: Neobisnius .

terminipennis Tottenham, 1939d: 233 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for apicipennis ).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Nepal.

apicipennis Cameron, 1932: 117 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Dehra Dun. Siwaliks : Mussoorie. Haldwani).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1332 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 233 ( Philonthus ; synonym of terminipennis ).

— Coiffait, 1984e: 374 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; Nepal).

testaceipennis Erichson, 1840: 435 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico).

— Solsky, 1868a: 127 ( Philonthus ; Mexico).

— Sharp, 1885: 400 ( Philonthus ; characters; Mexico).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

testaceipennis Roubal, 1948 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: Bisnius .

testaceocinctus Bernhauer, 1915d: 140 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Deutsch-Ostafrika: Unjanjembe ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1364 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1962: 139, 215, 217, 218 ( Philonthus ; characters; Uganda).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, Uganda.

testudo Smetana, 1995e: 263 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Georgia: Tift Co.: Tifton. Also cited from Florida, Mississippi).