Phellinotus piptadeniae (Teixeira) Drechsler-Santos & Robledo, 2016

Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo, Robledo, Gerardo Lucio, Lima- Júnior, Nelson C., Malosso, Elaine, Reck, Mateus A., Gibertoni, Tatiana B., De Queiroz Cavalcanti, Maria A. & Rajchenberg, Mario, 2016, Phellinotus, a new neotropical genus in the Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales), Phytotaxa 261 (3), pp. 218-239 : 228-229

Phellinotus piptadeniae (Teixeira) Drechsler-Santos & Robledo comb. nov. ( Figs 2H–O , 3B, D, F , Table 2)

≡ Phellinus piptadeniae Teixeira, Bragantia 10: 118, 1950 (IAC, paratype!).

≡ Fomitiporella piptadeniae (Teixeira) Teixeira, Revista Brasileira de Botânica 15(2): 126, 1992.

Mycobank no:—MB805902

Description: —Basidioma annual to bi-annual or perennial, pileate, projecting up to 250 mm, 300 mm wide and 150 mm thick at base, applanate to triquetrous; hard; usually solitary, but also gregarious or many basidiomata widespread along the substrate; margin applanate, usually distinct from older parts of basidioma, pale brown to brown. Pileus variable in color, first cream to reddish yellow, becoming olive to black grayish, first azonate, afterwards with sulcate zones and finally cracked to rimose. Context 20‒60 mm thick, zonate, with a distinct black line separating it in two parts, pale, fulvous to redish brown, becoming black with KOH, a thin to slightly thick dark brown crust present above contex. Tubes distinctly stratified, reddish to dark brown, with context layers among the strata of tubes. Hymenophore poroid, pores round, 3‒6/mm, (100‒)130‒200(‒230) μm wide, reddish yellow to dark brown; dissepiment entire, (40‒)60‒160(‒200) μm. Hyphal system dimitic with skeletal hyphae restricted to trama of tube layer; contextual generative hyphae in different stages of development, pale yellow to reddish dark brown, thin to thick-walled, (4‒)5‒8(‒10) μm wide, always with wide lumen (2‒)2.5‒5(‒8) μm wide, first regularly septate, branched, becoming sclerified and some portions of thick-walled hyphae sparsely simple-septate; tramal hyphae formed by generative and skeletal hyphae; generative hyphae simple-septate, hyaline, pale yellow to fulvous, thin to thick-walled in different stages of development, (1‒)2‒2.5(‒3) μm wide; skeletal hyphae terminal, reddish dark brown, (230‒)280‒470(‒760) μm long, (3.5‒)5‒8(‒10) μm wide, lumen 1‒2(‒3) μm to solid, some with small aborted ramifications and geniculate portions at the base or apex, with one to four adventitious septa at the apex, which is narrow to obtuse. Basidia not found. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (4.5‒)5‒5.5(‒6) × 3.5‒4.5(‒5) μm (ave.= 5.1 × 3.9 μm), Q = 1.2‒1.4 (ave.Q = 1.3), adaxially flattened, smooth, thick-walled, yellowish, becoming chestnut brown in KOH, weakly cyanophilous, IKI-.

Habitat and distribution:— Phellinotus piptadeniae is a very common pathogen of living Piptadenia spp . ( Fabaceae ), also found on Eugenia L. (1753:470) ( Myrtaceae ) and on other genera of Fabaceae such as Libidibia (DC.) Schltdl. (1830: 192) , Mimosa L. (1753:516), Pithecellobium Mart. (1837:114) , and Senegalia Raf. (1838:119) ( Drechsler-Santos et al. 2010, 2013, Salvador-Montoya et al. 2015, as Phellinus piptadeniae ). Most specimens from Caatinga are annual or bi-annual. Occasionally, basidiomata are large and perennial with many tube layers, such as the paratype (IAC 4365!) from the SDTFs of Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina and São Paulo states ( Teixeira 1950, Salvador-Montoya et al. 2015).Additionally, this species is widely distributed in the Brazilian Caatinga dry woodlands of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe states and was recently recorded for lowland SDTF of northwestern Peru ( Salvador-Montoya et al. 2015).

Remarks:—This species is morphologically variable, but the slightly rimose pileus, fulvous to reddish brown context and a longitudinal dark line in the middle of the basidioma context are diagnostic ( Drechsler-Santos et al. 2010, Salvador-Montoya et al. 2015). Phellinotus piptadeniae presents slightly smaller basidiospores (ave.= 5.1 × 3.9 μm versus 5.8 × 4.7 μm) than those of P. neoaridus . Additionally, it is repeatedly found on living Piptadenia spp . ( Drechsler-Santos et al. 2010), not yet recorded on Caesalpinia spp .

Material examined:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: São José da Tapera, Fazenda do Sr. Rudá, on living Mimosa sp. , 9º32’45” S, 37º33’12” W ‒ 231m alt., 17 June 2008, Drechsler-Santos DS16AL (URM 80414). Bahia: Senhor do Bonfim, Serra do Santana, Fazenda Passaginha, Vasconcellos-Neto J.R.T. 195 (HUEFS 133884, O). Ceará: Reriutaba, Boqueirão, on living Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke (1930:126) , 4º01’30” S, 40º38’21” W ‒ 197m alt., 14 June 2007, Drechsler-Santos DS23CE (URM 80466, O). Paraíba: Sumé, Fazenda Almas, on living Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. (1875:415) , 7º28’21” S, 36º53’28” W ‒ 686m alt., 11 August 2008, Drechsler-Santos & Rajchenberg DS52PB (URM 80498). Pernambuco: Cabrobó, Fazenda Mosquito, on living Mimosa sp. , 21 September 2009, Robledo 1982 (CORD); Caruaru, Estação Experimental do IPA, on living Mimosa sp. , 8º13’50” S, 35º55’14” W ‒ 569m alt., 6 August 2006, Drechsler-Santos DS163PE (URM 80766, O); ibid, on living Senegalia sp. , 8º13’51” S, 35º55’13” W ‒ 558m alt., 10 December 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS128PE (URM 80361); ibid, on living Mimosa sp. , 8º13’53” S, 35º55’12” W ‒ 562m alt., 10 December 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS109PE (URM 80322); ibid, on living Senegalia sp. (CB01), 10 December 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS110PE (URM 80345); Parque Nacional do Catimbau, Barro Branco, on living Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. (1841:339‒340) , 8º30’0” S, 37º18’57” W ‒ 818m alt., 9 February 2007, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS158 (URM 80884); ibid, Breu, on living P. stipulacea , 8º30’29” S, 37º16’58” W ‒ 964m alt., 22 June 2007, Drechsler-Santos DS240 (URM 80854, O); ibid, Casa da Farinha, on living P. stipulacea , 8º33’38” S, 37º13’89” W‒ 839m alt., 31 October 2007, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS280 (URM 80602); ibid, Cerca de Pedra, on living P. moniliformis , 8º29’04” S, 37º19’24” W ‒ 723m alt., 9 February 2007, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS152 (URM 80694); ibid, Dor de Dente, on living P. stipulacea , 8º30’33” S, 37º16’59” W ‒ 958m alt., 23 July 2007, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS253 (URM 80737); ibid, Morro do Cachorro, on living Pithecollobium polycephallum Benth. (1844:219) , 8º34’28” S, 37º14’47” W ‒ 751m alt., 5 August 2006, Drechsler-Santos DS64 (URM 80667, O); ibid, Muquém, on living P. moniliformis , 8º29’42” S, 37º19’03” W ‒ 795m alt., 29 September 2006, Drechsler-Santos DS85 (URM 80713); ibid, on living P. stipulacea , 8º30’10” S, 37º17’76” W‒ 921m alt., 25 January 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS300 (URM 80595); ibid, Pedra Solteira, on living P. moniliformis , 8º29’42” S, 37º19’03” W ‒ 795m alt., 27 May 2006, Drechsler-Santos DS003 (URM 80825); ibid, on living P. stipulacea , 8º32’52” S, 37º14’38” W ‒ 922m alt., 15 April 2007, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS207 (URM 80697); ibid, Trilha da Batinga, on living P. stipulacea , 8º30’47” S, 37º16’57” W ‒ 957m alt., 28 September 2006, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS76 (URM 80730); ibid, Trilha das Torres, on living P. stipulacea , 8º34’20” S, 37º14’44” W ‒ 764m alt., 8 July 2006, Drechsler-Santos DS101 (URM 80662, O); ibid, Trilha do Pereira, on dead Eugenia rostrifolia D. Legrand (1957:2) , 8º30’37” S, 37º14’39” W ‒ 943m alt., 10 July 2006, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS133 (URM 80890); Petrolina, Embrapa Semi-árido, on living Mimosa arenosa (Willd.) Poir. (1810:66) , 9º04’22” S, 40º01’91” W‒ 386m alt., 17 April 2008, Drechsler-Santos DS6PETRO (URM 80436, HTSA, O); Serra Talhada, Estação Experimental do IPA, on living P. stipulacea , 7º53’27” S, 38º18’22” W ‒ 503m alt., 11 March 2008, Drechsler-Santos DS72PE (URM 80631); ibid, on living Mimosa sp. , 11 March 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS74PE (URM 80317); ibid, on living Piptadenia sp. , 7º54’01” S, 38º18’05” W ‒ 513m alt., 5 March 2009, Drechsler-Santos DS139PE (URM 80768, O); ibid, on living Mimosa sp. , 7º53’29” S, 38º18’17” W ‒ 490m alt., 9 July 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS97PE (URM 80360, O). Rio Grande do Norte: Estação Ecológica do Seridó-ESEC, 19 February 2007, Silva & al. Sn (URM 80883). Sergipe: Niterói, 9º45’20” S, 37º27’55” W ‒ 65m alt., 16 June 2008, Drechsler-Santos & al. DS40SE (URM 80567).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phellinotus species. P. neoaridus. (A) holotype on specific host (lenticels of Caesalpinia sp. in detail); (B) applanate to triquetrous basidioma with a distinct ochre-orange margin (URM80410); (C) ungulate with strongly rimose upper surface and brownish margin (URM80641) (Bars = 5 cm); (D): isotype context and tubes lacking tissue layer between the tubes, in detail (D*) the black line near the upper surface (Bars = 1 cm); (E–G) basidiospores, white arrows are indicating the adaxially flattened surface [(E) lactophenol, (F) KOH+, (G) CB±; Bars = 5 μm]; P. piptadeniae. (H) paratype (IAC4365); (I) context in detail showing the distinct black line in the paratype; (J) mature triquetrous, developing applanate basidiomata on Piptadenia spp. (URM 80768) (Bars = 5 cm); (L) black line and tissue layer between the tubes are showing in detail in L and L* (Bars = 1 cm); (M–O) basidiospores, white arrows are indicating the adaxially flattened surface [(M): lactophenol, (N) KOH+, (O) CB±; Bars = 10 μm]. Photos of basidiomata (A, B, C, D, H, I, J) by Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos except for ‘L’ which is by Gerardo Lucio Robledo; photos of spores (E, F, G, M, N, O) by Carlos Salvador- Montoya.

FIGURE 3. Microscopic elements of Phellinotus species in line drawings. (A, C, E) P. piptadeniae (IAC 4365). (A) hyphal system of context; (C) skeletal hyphae from trama of tube layer; (E) basidiospores. (B, D, F) P. neoaridus (URM 80362). (B) hyphal system of context; (D) skeletal hyphae from trama of tube layer; (F) basidiospores. Drawings by Gerardo Lucio Robledo.