Permophricodothyris grandis ( Chao, 1929 )

Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R. & Kaiho, Kunio, 2005, Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2), pp. 343-363 : 359

Permophricodothyris grandis ( Chao, 1929)

Figs. 7F, 15 .

Squamularia grandis n. sp.; Chao 1929: 97, pl. 11: 1–3.

Squamularia cf. grandis Chao ; Huang 1933: 36, pl. 5: 4–7, pl. 7: 3. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Wang et al. 1964: 557, pl. 106: 14–19. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Jin et al. 1974: 312, pl. 164: 17–19. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Feng and Jiang 1978: 296, pl. 105: 2, 3. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Tong 1978: 261, pl. 91: 2. Permophricodothyris grandis Chao ; Zhan 1979: 97–98, pl. 8: 1–2, 4–6. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Wang et al. 1982: 248, pl. 94: 10. Squamularia grandis Chao ; Xu 1987: 235, pl. 16: 4–9.

Squamularia grandis Chao ; Zeng et al. 1995: pl. 13: 1, 2. Permophricodothyris grandis (Chao) ; Shi et al. 2002: 378, figs. 3B, C, E, 4B, 5.1–5.13, 6.1–6.9.

Locality and horizon: Daijiagou section; 1 st and 5 th members of the Lungtan Formation; Chuanmu section; 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation.

Remarks.—This species has long been regarded as the most typical representative of Squamularia Gemmellaro, 1899 in South China (e.g., Liao 1987; Liang 1990; Xu and Grant 1994; Zeng et al. 1995), though the comparable specimens outside China have been assigned to Permophricodothyris (e.g., Pavlova 1965; Grant 1993). More recently, Shi et al. (2002) altered Chao’s species to Permophricodothyris and described a number of specimens from the 5 th member of the Daijiagou section. It is noteworthy that abundant fragments of the species are preserved in the basal Lungtan Formation at Daijiagou, while a great number of excellent internal molds are present in the 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation at Chuanmu. Of these, a ventral internal mold (NMV P309621) from Chuanmu is figured here to indicate the presence of Chao’s species in the Lungtan Formation. The muscle scars are well defined on the figured internal mold, they are heart−shaped and raised on a muscle platform; the adductor scars are narrow, elongate, situated medially, and lightly grooved; the diductor scars are broad, chevron in shape with curved sides, meeting anteriorly with one another; the muscle markings of diductor scars are strongly grooved, about 6–7 radial lobes on each area ( Fig. 15 ).

Figures

Fig. 15. Ventral interior of Permophricodothyris grandis (Huang, 1933) showing well−developed muscle scars (based on specimen NMV P309621).