Penares kermadecensis, Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6-FF8B-F959-FF7B-FF4AFB66F8AD |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Penares kermadecensis |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Penares kermadecensis sp. nov.
( Fig. 17–19 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 ; Table 6)
Material examined. Holotype — NIWA 76259, NIWA Stn TAN0413/137, Southern Kermadec Ridge, 37.331° S, 177.075° E, 375–414 m, 14 Nov 2004. Paratypes — NIWA 76261, NIWA Stn TAN0413/128, Southern Kermadec Ridge, 37.329° S, 177.073° E, 358–380 m, 14 Nov 2004.
Type locality. Southern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand.
Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Southern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand ( Figure 19 View FIGURE 19 ). Grows on hard substrate, 358–414 m.
Description. Holotype is a thinly encrusting sponge growing on coral rubble and gravel ( Figure 17A View FIGURE 17 ), while the paratype NIWA 76261 is a small, branching sponge ( Figure 17B View FIGURE 17 ). The holotype is 25 mm × 15 mm ( Figure 17A View FIGURE 17 ). Texture is very hard, barely compressible. Surface is wrinkled and sculptured, slightly scratchy to the touch. No oscules or pores are visible. Colour in ethanol is light beige to orange brown.
Skeleton. Cortical skeleton is thin (80–500 µm) and consists of densely packed, tangential microxeas ( Figure 17D & E View FIGURE 17 ). Choanosomal skeleton has a single layer of dichotriaenes present just below the cortex, arranged with their cladomes uppermost ( Figure 17C View FIGURE 17 ). Oxeas are abundant in the choanosome. In places, bundles of tangential oxeas are present near the surface ( Figure 17D View FIGURE 17 ). Microxeas are abundantly scattered throughout the choanosome Spicules ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ; Table 6). Megascleres —oxeas ( Figure 18A View FIGURE 18 ) are small, slender and almost straight to angulate with bluntly rounded or slightly pointed tips; 815 (562–1107) × 22 (13–33) µm (n = 40). Dichotriaenes ( Figure 18B View FIGURE 18 ) have an extremely short rhabdome and long stout clads with sharply pointed tips. Some clads are trifurcate ( Figure 18C View FIGURE 18 ); 197 (122–300) µm long × 854 (644–1085) µm wide (n = 30) Microscleres —microxeas ( Figure 18D View FIGURE 18 ) are short, stout and straight or curved with sharply pointed tips. Microxea size is quite variable; 114 (34–220) × 9 (4–17) µm (n = 80).
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Etymology. Named for the type locality and known distribution of this species, the Kermadec Ridge.
Remarks. Penares kermadecensis sp. nov. is the only New Zealand Penares species that lacks euasters. The spicule complement and dimensions of P. kermadecensis sp. nov. are very similar to those of P. schulzei , with the exception that P. schulzei possesses oxyasters. The most pronounced differences between the two species are mor-phology— Penares kermadecensis is a thinly encrusting or small, branched, orange brown sponge when preserved, whereas P. schulzei is purple when preserved, massive in form, and its choanosome is filled with boring gastropods and debris.
Two South Pacific species, P. palmatoclada and P. ochracea also lack euasters. However, P. palmatoclada has much larger oxeas (3000–4000 µm) than P. kermadecensis sp. nov. (815 (562–1107) µm), and P. ochracea possesses both microxeas and microrhabds, while P. kermadecensis sp. nov. only possesses microxeas.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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