Pectinivalvinae Scoble

Hoare, Robert J. B. & Nieukerken, Erik J. van, 2013, Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species, ZooKeys 278, pp. 1-64 : 14-17

Subfamily Pectinivalvinae Scoble

Description.

Scoble (1983) gave a detailed description of the Pectinivalvinae , but recently much more material of this subfamily (especially immature stages) has become available, and the concept of the Pectinivalvinae has been expanded by Hoare (2000a) to include the previously unrecognized genus Roscidotoga . For these reasons a complete redescription of the subfamily is provided here. A revised diagnosis of the subfamilies of Nepticulidae is provided by Hoare (2000a: table 1).

Adults. Head (Figs 19-30): Labial palpi 2- or 3-segmented; galeae short; maxillary palpi 5-segmented; antennae with sensillum vesiculocladum usually or always 5-branched (needs more detailed study in some species). Collar usually consisting of piliform scales. Forewing: underside sometimes with androconial scales in male; subdorsal retinaculum absent. Hindwing: upperside often with androconial scales in male. Wing venation (Figs 31-36): forewing without closed cell, Cu present, long; 1+2A unthickened, running obliquely from base of wing to meet dorsum before tornus; hindwing with trunk of Rs+M usually more or less deflected towards costa. Abdomen sometimes with specialized scales dorsally in male; S2a more or less pentagonal, usually with transverse rows of minute spines. Legs: fore-tibia of males sometimes thickened with specialized scales.

Male genitalia (Figs 39, 40, 42-72). Tegumen band-like, occasionally with lateral corners extended anteriorly into ‘shoulders’. Uncus either well-sclerotized and hood-like ( Pectinivalva ) or reduced ( Roscidotoga ). Gnathos (if present) with single central element. Valva usually with well-developed pectinifer. Aedeagus often with asymmetrical apical processes; striate thickening round base of ejaculatory duct (cathrema) weakly developed; vesica usually with numerous cornuti.

Female genitalia (Figs 73-103). S8 usually broadly squared off. Vestibulum often with lateral sclerites. Corpus bursae with single signum, or without signa.

Larva. Head (Figs 104-108): antennae 2- or 3-segmented (1-segmented in Pectinivalva quintiniae ); labial palpi 3-segmented; stipes with 2 setae; frontoclypeus approximately square or rectangular; anterior tentorial arms approximately 2 times as long as posterior. Chaetotaxy (Figs 115, 116): T1 with 13 pairs of setae; T2 with 10 or 11 pairs (3 setae ventral to SV1); T3 with 9 pairs (1 D seta and 2 L setae present); A1-8 with 6 pairs of setae; A9 with 3 pairs; A10 with 3 or 4 pairs. Anal rods apically pointed or forked.

Cocoon. Usually reddish brown; usually spun outside the mine.

Pupa. Head: Clypeus squarish; frons with a pair of conspicuous setae posteriorly; labial palpi distinctly longer than maxillae. Eclosion more or less dorsal, so that suture between eyecaps and frons remains largely intact ventrally. Abdominal segments 2-8 each with 3-4 rows of spines on dorsum, and a prominent pair of dorsal setae.

Biology.

Most known larvae of Pectinivalva are leaf-miners on Myrtales ( Myrtaceae ), one species is known from Paracryphiales ( Paracryphiaceae ); those of Roscidotoga are leaf-miners on Oxalidales ( Cunoniaceae (including Eucryphiaceae ) and Elaeocarpaceae ).

Distribution.

Australia, Borneo. Probably more widespread in Australian and Oriental regions than currently known.

Checklist of Pectinivalvinae

Roscidotoga Hoare, 2000a

Roscidotoga eucryphiae Hoare, 2000a

Roscidotoga callicomae Hoare, 2000a

Roscidotoga lamingtonia Van Nieukerken, Van den Berg & Hoare, 2011

sRoscidotoga apphiripes Hoare, 2000a

Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983

Subgenus Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) caenodora (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) chalcitis (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) commoni Scoble, 1983

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) endocapna (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) gilva (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) melanotis (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Pectinivalva) mystaconota Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Casanovula) Hoare, subgen. n.

Pectinivalva (Casanovula) brevipalpa Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Casanovula) minotaurus Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) Hoare, subgen. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) anazona (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) funeralis (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) libera (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) planetis (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) primigena (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) trepida (Meyrick, 1906)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) warburtonensis (Wilson, 1939)

Pectinivalva (Menurella) scotodes Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) xenadelpha Van Nieukerken & Hoare, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) quintiniae Hoare & Van Nieukerken, sp. n.

Pectinivalva (Menurella) tribulatrix Van Nieukerken & Hoare, sp. n.