Parena (Crossoglossa) cavipennis ( Bates, 1873 )

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 28-31

[1] Parena (Crossoglossa) cavipennis ( Bates, 1873)

Habitus: Fig. 15 . Male genitalia: Fig. 16 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11Y .

Bates, 1873: 316 (original: Crossoglossa ; type locality: Hiogo; lectotype in MNHN ); Jacobson, 1907: 403 ( Crossoglossa ); Andrewes, 1930: 257 ( China); Habu, 1942: 78 (misidentification of Parena laesipennis ); Jedlička, 1946: 8; Jedlička, 1952: 210; Jedlička, 1963: 440; Habu , 1967: 165; Habu, 1981: 68 (larva description); Habu, 1982: 117; Xie & Yu, 1993: 192 ( China: Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Taiwan); Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1023 ( Nepal); Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 ( South Korea); Park & Szél, 2004: 221 ( North Korea); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 88; Kirschenhofer, 2011: 66.

Synonym: Parena rufotestacea Jedlička, 1934: 17 (type locality: Tatsienlu; Holotype in NMPC ); Jedlička, 1946: 8 (Taiwan); Jedlička, 1952: 210; Jedlička, 1963: 440 ( China: Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian; Vietnam: Tonkin). Xie & Yu, 1993: 194 (misidentification of Parena laesipennis ); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89 (misidentification of Parena laesipennis ); Park et al., 2006: 102 (misidentification of Parena laesipennis ). syn. nov.

Type material examined. Crossoglossa cavipennis Bates : Lectotype ( MNHN, Fig. 15A ), designated herein: male, pin mounted, "TYPE" [red label], " Japan ", "Ex- Musaeo / H.W. BATES / 1892", " Crossoglossa / cavipennis / Bates ", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR ", "LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa cavipennis / Bates, 1873 / des. SHI H. L. 2011" [red label] . Paralectotypes: 1 female ( MNHN), " Hiogo ", "PARATYPE" [red label], "Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates, 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR ", "PARALECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa cavipennis / Bates, 1873 / des. SHI H. L. 2011" [red label] . 1 female ( NHML), "Type" [round label with red circle]; " HIOGO "; " Japan./ G. Lewis. / 1910-320"; " cavipennis / Bates " .

Parena rufotestacea Jedlička : Holotype ( NMPC, Fig. 15B ): female, board mounted, "TATSIENLU / Prov Setschuan / CHINA MEMID."; "Type" [red label]; " Parena / rufotestacea type, sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label], " = Parena / cavipennis / (Bates) / Det. SHI H.L., 2011" . Paratype ( NHML): 1 male, left elytra missing, " Yunnan / fou"; "Bought / Donckier"; "Cotype" [red label]; " Parena / rufotestacea / Cotype sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label]; " H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97" .

Notes on types and synonyms. Crossoglossa cavipennis Bates : This species was originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from "Hiogo", but more than one specimen was implied. In the collection of MNHN and NHML, a total of three specimens from Bates's collection are perfectly in accord with the original description. We herein designate the one deposited in MNHN bearing Bates's handwriting label ( Fig. 15A ) as the lectotype.

Parena rufotestacea Jedlička : The holotype (NMPC) and paratype (NHML) examined herein are perfectly in accord with the original description. They are all identical to P. cavipennis . P. laesipennis with dark color from southwest China and Southeast Asia was misidentified as P. rufotestacea by Xie & Yu (1993) at first and then applied in later literature ( Kirschenhofer, 2006; Park et al., 2006).

Non-type material examined. Korea: 2 ex (MTMB), "Korea, Kangwon Prov. Kumgang-san , 10.06.1991, Ronkay & Vojnits" . China: 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Shangfangshan , 400 m, 1961.VII.16, Wang Shuyong lgt." . 3 males, 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Shangfangshan , 400 m, Wang Shuyong lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Shangfangshan , 400 m, 1961.VII.17, Zhang Xuezhong lgt." . 2 males, 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Pinggu , 1960.VI.8 " . 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Badaling , 700 m, 1964.VI.24, Zhou Qin lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Badaling , 700 m, 1962.VI.30, Li Tiesheng lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Miaofengshan , 1964.VI.7, Yang Jikun lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Wofosi , 1956.VI.29 " . 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Xiangshan , 1956.VIII.18 " . 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, 1960.VI.11, Yang Jikun lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " Beijing, 1960.VI.30, Yang Jikun lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Peiping". 2 males, 4 females (IZAS), "Beijing, Haidian, Baiwangshan, 2009.VI.20, Shi Hongliang & Yang Ganyan lgt." < Figs 1F, 1G, 1H , 3A , 6A , 10A , 12A , 15C , 16A >. 3 ex (IZAS), "Tianjin, Jixian , Xiaying vill., 2008.7.19 " < Fig. 8E >. 1 ex (MNHN), "Tien-Tsin, coll. L. Fairmaire, 1906" [=Tianjin] . 1 female (HBUM), "Hebei, Zunhua forestry station, 1998.VII.22–25, Ren Qiuzhuang et al. lgt." . 1 male (HBUM), "Hebei, Yuxian, Xiaowutai, Jinhekou , 1998. VII.29, Liu Shiyu lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), "Hebei, Qinglong forestry station, 1998.7.23 –26, Ren Qiuzhuang et al. lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Shandong, Laoshan (Jiushui), 800 M" . 2 females (IZAS), "Henan, Shaolinsi , 850 m, 2002. VII.16, Zhang Lijie lgt." . 1 female (IZAS),"Henan, Jigongshan , 700 m, 2001.VII.14, Ge Siqin lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Henan, Neixiang, Getiaopa , 600 m, 1998.VII.12, Zhang Youwei lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Henan, Huixian, Baligou , 850 m, 2002.VII.13, Li Wenzhu lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Henan, Xixia, Taiping town , 800 m, 1998.VII.18, Zhang Youwei lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Henan, Shangcheng, Jingangtai , 2005.VII.23, Gao Chao & Wang Jiliang lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Henan, Dengfeng, Shaolinsi, 2002.VII.16, Yang Xiujuan lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), "Henan, Linzhou , Shibanyan , 2006.VII.22, Wang Fengyan & Huang Wenjing lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), "Henan, Jiyuan , Wangwushan , 2006.VII.30, Wang Fengyan & Huang Wenjing lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Henan, Xinyang city, Xin county, Liankangshan, Laomiao station , N31.6540 E114.7868, 227 m, 2020.VII.10 N1, light trap, Zhu Pingzhou lgt." . 2 females (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Zhouzhi, Louguantai; light trap; N34.05378, E108.29294, 680 m, 2008.VI.22–26, Jiang Jianguo lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Zhouzhi, Louguantai , 680 m, 2008.VI.25, Liu Wangang lgt." < Figs 2A , 14A, 14I >. 1 female (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Liuba, Miaotaizi , 1350 m, 1998.VII.21, Yao Jian lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Foping , 900 m, 1999.VI.27, He Tongli lgt." . 1 male (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Langao county , 2003.VII.4–5, Liu Yushuang, Yuan Caixia et al. lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Langao county, Minzhu town , 2003.VII.4, Liu Yushuang, Yuan Caixia et al. lgt." . 4 males, 3 females (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Ziyang , Maoba town, 2003.VII.8, Yuan Caixia & Liu Yushuang lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Ziyang, Maoba town , 2003.VII.7–8, Liu Yushuang, Yuan Caixia et al. lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " Xi'an, Qinling Wild Zoo , 2008.VIII.25, Song Qiongzhang lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Gansu, Kangxian, Yangba , 1000 m, 1999.VII.11, Yao Jian lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Gansu, Kangxian, Yangba , 1020 m, 1999. VII.10, Wang Hongjian lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Anhui, Huangshan, Yungusi , 1977.VII.19, Yang Jikun lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " Huangshan , 1936.VI.24 " . 1 female (HBUM), "Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping , 2007.VII.30–VIII.4, Ba Yubin, Lang Juntong & Wang Fengyan lgt." . 1 male (HBUM), "Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping , 2007. VII.17–21, Ba Yubin, Lang Juntong & Wang Fengyan lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), " Hangzhou , 1931.VI.29 " . 1 male (IZAS), " Mokanshan , 1931.V.31, O. Piel" . 1 female (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Changhua , 1978.VI, Chen Qihu lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Laodian , 1000 m, 2000.VII.27, Ge Siqin lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Anji, Longwangshan , 1995.VII.12, Wu Hong lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "" Kuling , 1934.IX.16 , O. Piel". 1 female (IZAS), " Kuling , 1934. IX.18, O. Piel" . 1 male (IZAS), "Hubei, Shenongjia, Yangri , 420 m, 1980.VII.7, Yu Peiyu lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Hubei, Shennongjia, Honghua , 1980.VII.22, Yu Peiyu lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Hubei, Shennongjia, Xinhua, light trap, N31°35’55’’, E110°53’24’’, 760 m, 2003.VIII.12, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Hubei, Zhuxi , Huiwan , N32.1222 E109.8058 366 m, Liu X lgt. 2017.7.15 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Hubei, Zhuxi , Quanxi , N32.0356 E109.6930 892 m, Liu X lgt. 2017.7.13 " . 1 female (IZAS), "Hubei, Hefeng , 770 m, 1989.VII.24, Xiao Ningnian lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe , 1670 m, 1993.VII.23, Sun Baowen lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe , 1100 m, 1993.VII.20, Yang Xingke lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe , 1350 m, 1993.VII.15, Sun Baowen lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Hunan, Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 460–600 m, 1988.VII.31, Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Hunan, Cili , 1988.IX.5 " . 1 female (IZAS), "Fujian, Shaowu , 1981.VIII.5 " . 1 male (IZAS), "Fujian, Chongan, Xingcun, Sangang , 720–850 m, 1960.VI.4, Jiang Shengqiao lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Sichuan, Tongjiang county , 1980.VIII.11, Shen Yongguang lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Sichuan, Emeishan, Qingyinge , 800–1000 m, 1957.IV.24, Zhu Fuxing lgt." . 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "Sichuan, Emeishan, Qingyinge , 800–1000 m, 1957.IV.24, Huang Keren lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Sichuan, Emeishan, Qingyinge , 800–1000 m, 1957. VI.29, Huang Keren lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Sichuan, Qingchenshan , 3100 m, 1979.VI.2, Shang Jinwen lgt." . 2 males (IZAS), "Sichuan, Muchuan, Wumaping , 1984.V.30, Zheng Xijin lgt." . 1 female (CRS), "China, N. Sichuan, Jiujaigow, 2500 m, 15.07.04" . 1 male (IZAS), "Sichuan, Wanxian, Wangerbao , 1200 m, 1994.V.29, Yang Xingke lgt." . 3 females (IZAS), "Sichuan, Fengdu , 200 m, 1994.VI.1, Zhang Youwei lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfoshan , 2003.VII.21–30, Yuan Caixia & Liu Yushuang lgt." . 4 males, 1 female (HBUM), "Chongqing, Chengkou county, Xiuqi twon, 2003.VII.13, Yuan Caixia & Liu Yushuang lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Chongqing, Chengkou county, Pingba twon, 2003.VII.10, Yuan Caixia & Liu Yushuang lgt." . 1 female (HBUM), "Chongqing, Chengkou county, Pingba town , 2003.VII.11, Yuan Caixia & Liu Yushuang lgt." . 1 male (HBUM), "Chongqing, Chengkou county, Pingba town, 2003.VII.10–13, Yuan Caixia & Liuyushuang lgt.". 1 ex (ZWWC), "Chongqing, Beibei , Nantianmen , 2006.VII.15, Zhang Weiwei lgt.". 1 ex (ZWWC), "Chongqing, Shizhu county , Mawu town , Hanshui , 2007.VIII.2, Zhang Weiwei lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Guizhou, Meitan, Chashutian , Xia Huai-en lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Guizhou, Meitan , 1984, Xia Huai-en lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Guizhou, Guiyang, 1979" . 1 female (IZAS), "Guizhou, Chishui, Jinsha vill., 500 m, 2000.IX.21, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), "Guizhou, Xishui, Dabaitang, 2000.IX.25–29, Ren Guodong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Guiyang, Huaxi, Pingqiao, 2009.VII, Wu Xinbei lgt.". 1 ex (MNHN),"Kouy-Tcheou, Kouy-yang, P.P. Cavalerie"[=Guiyang, Guizhou]. 1 ex (MNHN), "Kouy-Tcheou, Reg. De Pin-Fa, Pere Cavalerie, 1908" [=Guizhou]. 5 ex (MNHN), "Kouy-Tcheou, Gan Chouer, Hin Y fou et Tchen-fong Tcheou, P. Cavalerie, 1918" [=Zhenfeng, Guizhou] . 1 female (IZAS), "Guangxi, Baishou , 1942.VII.4 " . 1 male (HBUM), "Guangxi, Leye, Yachang forestry center, 2004.VII.24, Yu Yang & Gao Chao lgt." . 1 female (CAU), "Guangxi, Guilin, Longsheng , 2003.VII.7, Cui Jianxin lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " Kunming, Tiefeng’an, 1942. V.22 ". 1 ex (MNHN), "Yunnan-Sen, Yunnan". 1 ex (MNHN), "Yunnan". 1 ex (MNHN), "Chine, Yunnan, Recu de Lou-Nan , 1931" . 1 male, 1 female (CCCC), " Taipei, Wulai, Fushan , 2009.VI.1 N" < Fig. 16B >. 1 female (CCCC), " Taipei, Wulai , 1994.V.10 " < Fig. 11Y >.

Comparisons. P. cavipennis is similar to and sympatric with P. laesipennis , but can be readily distinguished from the latter species by: (1) elytral striae well incised, intervals slightly convex (in P. laesipennis elytral striae not incised, replaced by rows of fine punctures, intervals almost flat); (2) elytral sutural angles very faintly pointed, outer apical angles fully rounded (in P. laesipennis sutural angles sharply pointed, forming short spines, outer apical angles weakly angulate); (3) LL subequal to LW (in P. laesipennis LL more than 1.5 times LW). Besides above, for Japanese specimens, P. laesipennis is usually much larger than P. cavipennis ; and for Chinese specimens, P. laesipennis is usually much darker than P. cavipennis .

Despite the very different external features, P. cavipennis is similar to P. testacea in their male genitalia, in particular for the shape of the apical lamella. However, in P. cavipennis , the dorsal and ventral margins of the median lobe are parallel before apical orifice, and then abruptly narrowed to the apex. While in P. testacea , the dorsal and ventral margins are not parallel, but gradually attenuate from base to apex.

Description. Body length 8.8–10.5 mm. Dorsum yellowish brown; basal three antennomeres, and basal half of antennomere 4 yellow, remainder of antennae nearly black; venter yellowish brown. Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL = 1.58–1.66, much wider than head, PW/HW = 1.13–1.19; widest at anterior third, lateral explanations very wide. Elytra without microsculpture; striae shallow, but well incised, finely punctate; intervals slightly convex, very finely and sparsely punctate; disc depressed near middle of third to sixth intervals; apices subtruncate, outer apical angles completely rounded; sutural angles very faintly pointed, without distinct tooth. Median lobe of aedeagus with dorsal and ventral margins parallel before apical orifice, and then abruptly narrowed to apex; apical lamella slightly narrowed to apex, LL subequal to LW, apex rounded. Endophallus ( Fig. 16 ) very coarsely scaled on basal sheath, base of apical sheath subquadrate in dorsal view; squamate sac not divided, situated on basal fifth of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor dichotomous, inner branch with two long ensiform setae apically, outer branch with three ensiform setae apically, much shorter than those on the inner branch ( Fig. 11Y ).

Distribution ( Map 2 ). China (Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam, Nepal (?).

This species is widely sympatric with P. laesipennis in south China, but much more common in eastern provinces of China and less common in Taiwan and southwest China.

Kirschenhofer (1994: 1023) reported P. cavipennis from Nepal. However, we only examined specimens of P. laesipennis from Nepal and adjacent regions (N. India, S. Xizang), but P. cavipennis were not seen. Probably his record was based on the misidentification of P. laesipennis . P. cavipennis was erroneously reported from Indonesia without specific specimen examination ( Xie & Yu, 1993). Their record is far from all confirmed records of this species.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove.

MAP 2. Distributions for species in the Parena (Crossoglossa) cavipennis group.

FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm.

FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm.

FIGURE 10. Parameres of male genitalia for Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Shanghai. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Zhejiang. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. F P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Xizang. G P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. H P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. I P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 12. Female internal reproductive tracts of Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. C P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 14. Elytra apex of Parena (Crossoglossa) spp. A–H Elytra sutural angle (left), scale bar = 0.2mm. A P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. laesipennis (Bates), Vietnam. C P. levata Andrewes, Borneo. D P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong. E P. sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. F P. cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. G P. mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. H P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. I–L Elytra outer apical angle (left), scale bar = 0.5mm. I P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. J P. laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. K P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. L P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong.

FIGURE 15. Habitus of Parena (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). A Lectotype of Parena cavipennis (Bates). B Holotype of Parena rufotestacea Jedlička [=Parena cavipennis (Bates)]. C Female from Beijing. Scale bars = 2 mm

FIGURE 16. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views. A Beijing, B Taiwan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.