Paraxantia sinica ( Liu, 1993 )

Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, Zootaxa 2031, pp. 36-52 : 41-45

Paraxantia sinica ( Liu, 1993)

( Figs. 2 , 7 , 12 , 17 , 22, 28–31, 39–40, 44, 51, 56, 61)

Xantia sinica Liu, 1993 . In Huang: Animals of Longqi Mountain, China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. P. 47–48, figs. 13–15.

FIGURES 26–37. photograph of male stridulatory area of Paraxantia gen. nov. Figs. 26, 27, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 28, 29, 30, 31, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (Figs. 28, 29, paratype from Fujian; Figs. 30, 31, another paratype from Fujian); Figs. 32, 33, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 34, 35, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 36, 37, P. bicornis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, male stridulatory area on left tegmen; Figs. 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, male stridulatory area on right tegmen.

Examined material. 2 males (holotype and paratype no. 1344466), China: Fujian Province: Jiangle, Longqishan Mt., Lishan, 21.v. 1991, Coll. Shi Yongshan ( IZAS); 2 males, no. 1344467-1344468, China: Fujian: Chongan, Xincun, Sangang, 740 – 900m, 17.v.–20.v.1960, Coll. Zhang Yiran & Ma Chenlin ( IZAS); 1 male, no 1344460, China: Fujian Province: Shaowu, 6.viii.–15.viii.1946 ( IZAS).

Redescription: Male (holotype). Size distinctly large for typical phaneropterine insects, and distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis . Pronotal disk ( Figs. 6 , 12 ) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 4–7 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 11–12 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 26–28 anterior and 2–4 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; median tibiae also only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4–5 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; posterior tibiae with 25–29 anterior and 25–29 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area (Figs. 28, 30) with posterior margin slightly sharply angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin large, about 6.6–6.8 millimeters. Stridulatory vein ( Figs. 39, 40 , 44 ) long, with straight stridulatory file composed of about 65 widely arranged teeth, among which most large teeth are of equal size except about 5 basal and 6 apical teeth are gradually becoming smaller towards both ends. Right stridulatory area with distinct but irregular quadrangular mirror (Figs.31, 33).

Epiproct apically sharp, triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long slightly upcurved sharp spine ( Fig. 56 ). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 51). Unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with sheet-like upper arm, which slightly longer than conical denticulate lower one, notch between lower lateral arm roundly narrow angular ( Fig. 61 ).

Female unknown.

Color: Green, compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown.

Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 32.0–33.0; length of pronotum 8.9; length of tegmen 58.5–61.0; width of tegmen 21.0; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 6.6–6.8; length of hind wing 66.1; length of anterior femur 8.2; length of middle femur 10.9; length of posterior femur 25.0–25.6.

Discussion: Here we remove Xantia sinica Liu, 1993 out of Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl and put it into Paraxantia , mostly due to its different characteristics from the type species of Xantia , which we mentioned above in the introduction.

Distribution: China: Fujian: Wuyishan Mt.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. head Paraxantia gen. nov. in caudal view. Fig. 1, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 2, P. sin ica (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 3, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 4, P. p a r a s i n i c a sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 5, P. bicornis sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 6 – 10. head and pronotum of Paraxantia gen. nov. in dorsal view. Fig. 6, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 7, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 8, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 9, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 10, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 11 – 15. head and pronotum of Paraxantia gen. nov. in lateral view. Fig. 11, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 12, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 13, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 14, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 15, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 16 – 25. Photograph of head of Paraxantia gen. nov. Figs. 16, 21, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 17, 22, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Figs. 18, 23, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 19, 24, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 20, 25, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 16 – 20, head in caudical view; Figs. 21 – 25, head of Paraxantia sp. in dorsal view. (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 38 – 43. male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen of Paraxantia gen. nov. Fig. 38, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 39, 40, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (Fig. 39, paratype from Fujian; Fig. 40, another paratype from Fujian); Fig. 41, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 42, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 43, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURES 44 – 47. male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen of Paraxantia gen. nov. Fig. 44, P. s i n i c a (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 45, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 46, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 47, P. bicornis sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 55 – 59. male cerci of Paraxantia gen. nov. in dorsal view. Fig. 55, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 56, P. sinica (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 57, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 58, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 59, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)

FIGURES 60 – 64. male concealed sclerotized genitalia of Paraxantia gen. nov. in dorsal view. Fig. 60, P. tibetensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 61, P. s i n i ca (Liu) (paratype from Fujian); Fig. 62, P. hubeiensis sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 63, P. parasinica sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 64, P. b i c o r n i s sp. nov. (holotype). (scale bar = 1 mm)