Paravima goodnightorum Caporiacco, 1951

Garcia, Andres F. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2023, Looks are deceiving: a cladistic analysis, three new species, and a new diagnosis of Paravima Caporiacco, 1951 (Opiliones: Agoristenidae), Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 409-437 : 409

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85571
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scientific name	Paravima goodnightorum Caporiacco, 1951
status

Treatment

Paravima goodnightorum Caporiacco, 1951 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 18 View Figure 18 , 19C-F View Figure 19

Paravima goodnightorum Caporiacco, 1951: 11, figs 5a-b; González-Sponga, 1987: 475, figs 606-611; Kury, 2003: 31.

Paravima flumencaurimarensis = Paravima flumencaurimarensis González-Sponga 1987: 470, figs 600-605; Kury 2003: 31. syn. nov.

Diagnosis.

Paired tubercles on the mesotergal area III mammilliform, with blunt tip shorter than the base (in P. locumida the tip is acute and slightly higher than the base; in the remaining species, the mesotergal area III is unornamented or exhibits conical or domed tubercles).

Description.

See González-Sponga (1987). Here we offer a complementary description based on MNRJ 18301 and MIZA 0105921: Anterior and lateral margins of DS smooth, sometimes variegated. (Figs 2A, B View Figure 2 , 3A-D View Figure 3 ). Mesotergum ill delimited, divided into four areas: area I divided into two halves, areas II-IV undivided; areas I, II, and IV with a pair of granules, area III with a pair of paramedian mammilliform tubercles darker than the rest of the mesotergum and higher than the ocularium (Figs 1A-D View Figure 1 , 2B, D, E View Figure 2 , 3A-D View Figure 3 ). Posterior margin of DS substraight, smooth (sometimes with some granules). Free tergites I-III with granules (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Anterior margin of coxa I with two rows of median irregular tubercles (Figs 1E View Figure 1 , 2C View Figure 2 ). Cheliceral hand swollen. Legs increasing in thickness from leg I to leg IV; Fe IV three times DS length (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ); Pa IV with some granules (Fig. 3K View Figure 3 ); Ti IV thickened distally (Fig. 3K View Figure 3 ). Penis with small LP (height shorter than width), apex with anterolateral crescent-shaped corners (Fig. 3E-J View Figure 3 ). Hammer (malleus) with three pairs of branched MS-A (see Remarks); one pair of branched MS-B (Fig. 3A, G-J View Figure 3 ); two pairs of MS-D (Fig. 3E, F, H-J View Figure 3 ); one pair of MS-E2 large and branched, MS-E1 absent (Fig. 3E, G-J View Figure 3 ). Stylus elongated, sigmoidal, surpassing the lamina parva (Fig. 3E-J View Figure 3 ).

Distribution.

Known from Distrito Capital, Aragua, La Guaira and Miranda states, in the Venezuelan biogeographic province ( Morrone et al. 2022) (Fig. 18 View Figure 18 ).

Material examined.

Type material: Paravima goodnightorum : Syntype ♀, VENEZUELA, Distrito Federal, El Junquito | v.1949 | Marcuzzi leg. (MBUCV, lost) ; 2 ♂ syntypes, Rancho Grande | 31.xii.1949 | Monk leg. (MBUCV, lost) ; 1 ♂ neotype (designated by González-Sponga, 1987), El Junquito | [10.460146°, -67.074705°] | A.R. Delgado de Gonzalez , J.A. González Delgado, and M.A. González-Sponga leg. (MBUCV 1195, not examined).- Paravima flumencaurimarensis : 1 ♂ holotype, VENEZUELA, Miranda, Sucre, Urbanización La Urbina Norte, Caurimare river | [10.49355° -66.80486°] | 850 m | 3.vi.1979, M. von Dangel [Miguel von Dangel], J.A. González Delgado, and M.A. González-Sponga leg. (MCNC 963) .- Paratypes 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MCNC 964) ; 7 ♂ 9 ♀, same data as for preceding, 26.i.1985 (MAGS, not examined) . - Other material: VENEZUELA: 1 ♂ 5 ♀ 1 imm., La Guaira (not Aragua, as originally stated in the label), Colonia Tovar , [near Villa Bahareque], [10.4273°, -67.235°], xii. 2002, A. Pérez, A. Giupponi leg. (MNRJ 18301*) (New Record) ; 2 ♂, El Limón, 10.4774°, -67.2819°, forest along stream, 1235 m, 21.ii.2020, O. Villarreal, B.A. Huber leg. (MIZA 0105911) (New Record); 76 ex., a 4 km de la Colonia Tovar y en la desviación hacía la Hacienda El Limón, Aragua y Distrito Capital (now La Guaira ), 2200 m, 10.i.1981, 27.iii.1981 and 4.iv.1981, A.R. Delgado, M.A. González S. leg. (MAGS 237 (MIZA 0105931)) ; 1 ♂, same data as previous, dissected (MIZA 0105920) ; 11 ex., Picacho de Galipan , [10.5639°, -66.9112°], [1850 m a.s.l.], 23.ix.1982, M. von Dangel leg. (MAGS 545 (MIZA 0105929)) .- 2 ♀, Miranda, San Antonio de los Altos , [10.3885°, -66.9517°], 1250 m, 13.vii.1974, J.M. Ayala leg. (MAGS 5 (MIZA 0105928)) (New Record) ; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, cerro El Volcán, El Topito , 10.4144°, -66.8474°, 1300 m, 6.iv.2022, O. Villarreal, Q. Arias leg. (MIZA 0105904) (New Record) ; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, Jardines Topotepuy , bosque nublado, 10.4180°, -66.8530°, 1460 m, 12.xi.2019, O. Villarreal, J. Rodríguez leg. (MIZA 0105905) (New Record) ; 3 ♀ 2 ♂, Jardines Topotepuy , bosque nublado, 10.4187°, -66.8533°, 1470 m, 12.xi.2019, O. Villarreal, J. Rodríguez leg. (MNRJ 60618) (New Record) ; 6 ♀ 2 ♂, Cerro El Volcán, Jardines Topotepuy , 10.4182N, 66.8534W, 1440 m, 07.iv.2022, Villarreal O., Arias C. leg. (MIZA 0105871) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♀, Parque Vinicio Adames , [10.39643°, -66.89329°], 1000 m, 11.vii.1979, ARDG [Angela Rosa Delgado de González], JAGD [ José Antonio González Delgado] and MAGS [Manuel Ángel González Sponga] leg. (MAGS 230) (MIZA 0105930) ; 1 ♀, Distrito Federal, Parque Nacional El Ávila, Los Venados , 1500 m, 9.x.1989, E. González S., M. A. González-Sponga leg. (MAGS 1115 (MIZA 0105921)) ; 1 ♂, Río Curimare, Distrito Sucre, 1000 m, 3.vi.1979, M. von Dangel, J.A. González Delgado, M.A. González-Sponga leg.(MIZA 0105918) ; 6 ♂ 13 ♀, same data as previous (MAGS 208 (MIZA 0105919)) .

Remarks.

The female specimen MAGS 1115 (MIZA 0105921), identified by González-Sponga as P. flumencaurimarensis , seems to correspond to one of the female paratypes of P. flumencaurimarensis cited in type data above as MAGS, without number. The penis drawing ( González-Sponga 1987: 473, fig. 604) shows one pair of MS-D and two pairs of MS-A, but after studying males from four localities (including paratypes of P. flumencaurimarensis and P. goodnightorum ) (Fig. 3A-D, H-J View Figure 3 ), all exhibited two pairs of MS-D, and three pairs of MS-A. Likewise, we have found a subtle unnoticed variation in the color patterns of the dorsal shield (Fig. 3A-D View Figure 3 ) and in the shape of the mammilliform tubercles of the mesotergal area III (Fig. 3L-P View Figure 3 ). The right lateral SEM image (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ) of the penis shows three MS-A, but the dorsal view (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ) shows two pairs of MS-A on the left side. We consider the common in the genus is three pairs of MS-A, as seen in all other species of Paravima . The LP is slightly collapsed (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ), this collapse could be an artifact of the preparation of the genitals, which can be reflected into slight variations in the drawings (Fig. 3H-J View Figure 3 ).