Paratetrapedia duckei, (FRIESE, 1910)

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 400-402

PARATETRAPEDIA DUCKEI ( FRIESE, 1910)

( FIGS 20 , 29 , 55, 56, 74 , 114, 141 , 185, 186)

Tetrapedia duckei Friese, 1910: 62 ; lectotype male, designated by Aguiar (2007), Brazil: Pará, Ilha do Marajó (ZMB, examined).

Chalepogenus xanthaspis Cockerell, 1929: 442 ; holotype male, Guyana: Amatuk , Rio Potaro river (AMNH, examined).

Tetrapedia duckei nomen nudum; Ducke, 1901: 55; Schrottky, 1902: 537. Ducke, 1910b: 364. Friese, 1923: 3.

Paratetrapedia xanthaspis ; Michener, 1954: 116 (misidentification of P. chocoensis ).

Paratetrapedia xanthaspis Cockerell [sic]; Steiner, 1985: 1540 [misidentification based on geographical distribution; floral record: Spachea membranacea (Malpighiaceae) ].

Paratetrapedia duckei ; Moure, 1941: 518 (misidentification based on geographical distribution). Vogel, 1974: 207. Rebêlo et al., 2003: 273 [misidentification of Tropidopedia punctifrons ( Smith, 1854) ]. Aguiar, 2007: 622.

Paratetrapedia (Tropidopedia) duckei ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 413. Albuquerque & Mendonça, 1996: 49 (misidentification of Tropidopedia punctifrons ).

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) duckei ; Rasmussen & Ascher, 2008: 45.

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia duckei is most clearly distinguished by lamella of pronotal collar with lateral portions low and obtuse in dorsal view ( Fig. 20 ), conspicuously acute only on mid third, and male S3 not deeply concave in ‘U’ shape ( Fig. 29 ). The male has the same pattern of pubescence on terga and sterna found in P. flavipennis , with two small rows of erect setae on mid portion of S2, and S3 mostly glabrous with only a row of simple setae slightly interrupted in mid portion ( Figs 28, 29 ). This species is very similar structurally to P. flavipennis , differing only in the pattern of colour on mesoscutum, wings, and genal area, and smaller body size. Paratetrapedia duckei has the disc of mesoscutum dark brown and lateral portions orange yellow, and two thin yellow stripes on disc and lateral margins ( Figs 55, 56); genal area dark brown with thin yellow stripe. Paratetrapedia duckei exhibits considerable variation in colour pattern with dark forms in the western portion of its distribution and pale forms in the eastern portion.

Redescription: Male (redescription of holotype of Chalepogenus xanthaspis Cockerell ). Body length: 8.7; maximum head width: 2.6; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.7. Colour. Integument bicoloured (brown and yellow), mostly yellow; paraocular area with wide yellow stripe obtuse on upper portion; frons, upper paraocular area and vertex with dark brown integument; frons with yellow stripe on mid line (width about 0.5–1.25 ¥ F2 diameter); genal area dark brown with thin yellow stripe along ocular margin (width about 0.6 ¥ F2 diameter); scape yellow; pedicel and flagellomeres orange yellow. Mesoscutum with two thin yellow stripes on disc and lateral margins, slightly enlarged on mid portion ( Fig. 56); mesoscutum with disc reddish brown and lateral portions orange yellow; axilla brown; wing membrane yellow infumate with microtrichia yellow; fore wing dark brown on apical third because of dense brown microtrichia; veins and pterostigma orange yellow; hind basitarsus weakly dark brown; tibial spurs pale yellow. Terga orange yellow, with marginal zone dark brown. Pubescence. Mostly yellow, except marginal hair bands of T2–T4 and hind basitarsus with pubescence dark brown. Scutellum with long erect simple setae about 0.12–0.19 mm in length; metapostnotum with short plumose hairs, c. 0.12 mm in length. T4 with marginal hair band almost complete on whole margin, shortly interrupted on mid portion; T5–T6 with marginal band of plumose pale yellow hairs throughout its margin; S2 with two short rows of setae on mid portion; S3 with row of short simple setae, slightly interrupted on mid portion; S6 with two rows of stout plumose setae on margins laterally and short plumose hairs on margin of apex. Integument sculpture. Clypeus with sparse coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd), intermingled amongst sparse minute punctures (2 pd); supraclypeal area with disc mostly smooth and lateral portions with dense coarse punctures (0.5–1 pd); disc of frons mostly with sparse coarse punctures (<0.5–2 pd); antennal scrobe with fine dense punctures (0.5 pd). Mesoscutum with fine dense punctures (<0.5 pd) intermingled amongst sparse coarser punctures (2 pd); metapostnotum with dense minute punctures on lateral portions (1 pd), and coarser punctures on disc (0.5–1 pd); transition zone between metapostnotum and propodeum with smooth and shiny surface; mesepisternum mostly with sparse coarse punctures (2 pd). Structure. Pronotal collar with lamella obtuse and low on third lateral portions, and central third of lamella acute in dorsal view. Scutellum disc convex. Head about 1.15¥ broader than long (2.6: 2.3); ratio of lower interocular distance to upper interocular distance: 0.9 (1.2: 1.4); clypeus about 1.5¥ broader than long (1.16: 0.73); scape: length 0.72, maximum width 0.21; length of F1–F3: 0.7: 0.23: 0.16: 0.23; diameter of F2: 0.26.

Variation: Besides the variation in body colour mentioned above, specimens from the western portion of the distribution ( Brazil: Rondônia, Mato Grosso; Peru) have pubescence of hind leg mostly dark brown and yellow stripe on genal area interrupted on mid third, whereas most specimens from the northern and eastern portions ( Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, Manaus , Pará ; Guyana, French Guiana) have pubescence of hind leg orange yellow and yellow stripe on genal area entire along eye margin. In addition, some females from Amapá and Pará have microsculpture of minute punctures on T1 , and one specimen from Rondônia has this microsculpture on T2 – T3 .

Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; French Guiana; Guyana; Peru; Suriname ( Fig. 74 ).

Type material: Tetrapedia duckei Friese ; lectotype female (ZMB): ‘I. Marajó\ R. Anajás\ 10.6.1900 \ Ducke’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ duckei \ 1900 Friese det.’.

Chalepogenus xanthaspis Cockerell , holotype male (AMNH), ‘Amatuk\ Brit. Guiana \ May 24.1929\ J. Ogilvie’ ‘ Chalepogenus \ xanthaspis \ Ckll Type’ ‘Ac. 33337’ ‘ Lectotype Chalepogenus ♂ xanthaspis Cockerell 1929 ’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

PARATETRAPEDIA FLAVIPENNIS ( SMITH, 1879)

( FIGS 54, 74 , 115, 140 , 181, 182 )

Tetrapedia flavipennis Smith, 1879: 129 ; holotype female, Brazil: Amazonas , Tefé (BMNH, examined).

Tetrapedia flavipennis ; Dalla Torre, 1896: 299. Friese, 1899: 300. Cockerell, 1909: 399.

Chalepogenus flavipennis ; Cockerell, 1929: 443.

Paratetrapedia flavipennis ; Moure, 1941: 518. Moure, 1944a: 74. Moure, 1996: 929. Aguiar, 2007: 623.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) flavipennis ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 416. Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia flavipennis differs from the remaining species in the group mainly by male S3 not deeply concave in ‘U’ shape ( Fig. 29 ), and lamella of pronotal collar with lateral portions more obtuse and lower than in the remaining species ( Fig. 20 ). Paratetrapedia flavipennis is structurally identical to P. duckei , but differs mainly by mesoscutum and genal area completely orange yellow and larger body size (> 9.0 mm in length).

Redescription: Holotype (female). Body length: 9.8; maximum head width: 3.0; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.7. Colour. Integument mostly orange yellow. Paraocular area with wide yellow stripe with upper portion obtuse; mandibles, labrum, and clypeus yellow; frons, upper paraocular area, and vertex reddish brown; frons with thin yellow stripe on mid line; scape yellow, pedicel and flagellomeres orange yellow; genal area completely orange yellow. Mesoscutum completely orange yellow, with two thin yellow stripes weakly faint on disc. Wings with membrane yellow infumate; apical portion of fore wing membrane dark because of dark brown microtrichia; veins and pterostigma orange yellow. Tibial spurs pale white. Margins of terga weakly dark brown. Pubescence. Mostly orange yellow. Scutellum with long simple erect setae, about 0.12–0.26 mm in length; metanotum with short plumose hairs, about 0.10 mm in length; metapostnotum with dense short plumose hairs, c. 0.08 mm in length. T4–T6 with marginal band of short simple hairs throughout margin. Row of setae on sternal margins sinuated in ‘V’ shape on mid portion (as in Fig. 32 ). Integument sculpture. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd); disc of frons with dense coarse punctures on mid portion (<0.5–2 pd). Mesoscutum with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparse coarser punctures (1–3 pd); lateral portions of metapostnotum with dense fine punctures (0.5–1 pd), with few coarser punctures on disc. Mesepisternum laterally with sparse coarse punctures (2 pd), omaular area with denser punctures (0.5–1 pd). Structure. Lamella of pronotal collar obtuse throughout its length. Scutellum disc almost flat. Head about 1.2¥ broader than long (3.0: 2.5); ratio of lower to upper interocular distance: 0.87 (1.4: 1.6); clypeus about 1.6¥ broader than long (1.27: 0.77); scape: length, 0.8, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3: 0.26, 0.17, 0.17; F2 diameter: 0.2.

Variation: The holotype of P. flavipennis has fore wing membrane yellow infumate with one thin band of dark brown microtrichia on posterior margin; width of band of microtrichia about 1.0 ¥ F2 diameter. Only one specimen from Tefé (Amazonas) has the same pattern of microtrichia on fore wing of the holotype. The remaining specimens examined have a broader band of microtrichia dark brown on apical portion of fore wing (c. 3 ¥ F2 diameter) .

Distribution: Brazil: Amazonas; Peru ( Fig. 74 ).

Type material: Tetrapedia flavipennis Smith ; holotype female (BMNH), ‘Type\ H.T.’ ‘B.M. Type\ Hym.\ 17.B.884\ Tetrapedia \ flavipennis \ (Type) Sm.’ ‘58\ h\\ Ega’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

Figures

Figure 74. Geographical distribution of Paratetrapedia flavipennis and Paratetrapedia duckei.

Figures 18–23. Figs 18–21. Lateral portion of pronotal collar, dorsal view; 18: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; female; 19: Paratetrapedia lineata, female; 20: Paratetrapedia duckei, male; 21: Paratetrapedia testacea, male; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Figs 22–23. Lateral portion of metapostnotum, female; 22: P. lineata; 23: P. flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Figures 24–29. Metasoma, ventral view, male; 24: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 25: Paratetrapedia testacea; 26: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.; 27: Paratetrapedia lineata; 28: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; 29: Paratetrapedia duckei; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 138–146. Sternum 8 (S8), male; 138: Paratetrapedia camargoi sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco); 139: Paratetrapedia chocoensis sp. nov. (Panama, Barro Colorado); 140: Paratetrapedia flavipennis (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 141: Paratetrapedia duckei (French Guiana); 142: Paratetrapedia rufa sp. nov. (Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de La Sierra); 143: Paratetrapedia albopilosa sp. nov. (Brazil, Maranhão, São Luís); 144: Paratetrapedia andina sp. nov. (Bolivia, Yungas, Puerto Villa); 145: Paratetrapedia atlantica sp. nov. (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra); 146: Paratetrapedia albilabris (Costa Rica, Montezuma); scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 171–184. Male genital capsule, ventral and dorsal views; 171–172: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 173–174: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 175–176: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 177–178: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 179–180: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 181–182: Paratetrapedia flavipennis (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 183–184: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: lbg, lamellate inner lobe of gonapophyses.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.