Paramyloplus Norman, 1929:828

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 417-432

Paramyloplus Norman, 1929:828 . Type species: Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman, 1929 .

Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Proposed as a subgenus by Norman (1929). Considered a valid genus by Kolmann et al., 2020.

Paramyloplus taphorni (Andrade, López-Fernández, Liverpool, 2019)

Myloplus taphorni Andrade, López-Fernández , Liverpool , 2019:2, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Guyana, Mazaruni River at mouth of Kurupung River, 6°12.846’N; 60°09.394’W. Holotype: CSBD F 3611 .

Distribution: 310 (Andrade et al., 2019).

Remarks: Allocated in Paramyloplus by Kolmann et al., 2020:11.

Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman, 1929

Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman, 1929:828 , Pl. 1. Type locality: Maparú Rapids , Approuague River, French Guiana. Syntypes: BMNH 1926.3 . 2.531 (1) and BMNH 1926.3 .2.532 (1).

Myleus (Paramyloplus) ternetzi goslinei Géry, 1972a:171 , Pl. 4 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: Surinam ( Suriname, Tapanahony et? Sipaliwini Rivieren); Guyane française (bassins du Maroni et de la Mana). Holotype: RMNH 26467 . See Jégu (2003:186) for synonymy with Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman, 1929 . See Andrade et al. (2016b:154) and Andrade et al. (2016c) for discussion about taxonomic status of species.

Distribution: 311, 315*, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; M. Andrade, M. Jégu, pers. obs.).

Remarks: See description, alometry and distribution in French Guiana in Géry (1972a:171). Andrade et al. (2016b:154) discussed generic placement of species. Assignment to Paramyloplus based on Kolman et al., 2020:11.

PIARACTUS Eigenmann, 1903

Piaractus Eigenmann, 1903:148 . Type species: Myletes brachypomus Cuvier, 1817 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Reganina Fowler, 1907:475 . Type species: Myletes bidens Spix, Agassiz, 1829 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818)

Myletes brachypomus Cuvier, 1818:452 , Pl. 22 (fig. 1). Type locality: Brasil [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A-8627. [ Illustrated in Escobar et al., 2019:9, fig. 4].

Myletes paco Humboldt , in Humboldt, Valenciennes, 1821:175, Pl. 47 (fig. 2). Type locality: Amazone ou Haut-Maragnon. No types known. See Machado-Allison (1982:47) for synonymy with Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) .

Myletes bidens Agassiz , in Spix, Agassiz, 1829:75, Pl. 32. Type locality: Brasiliae aequinoctialis flaviis. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-789. [Designated by Géry (1986:98)]. Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988:79); author as Spix, Agassiz in Jégu , 2003.

Wateina fowleri Amaral Campos, 1946:219 , fig. 2. Type locality: Rio Tapajós. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 3572 . Genus should have been spelled Waiteina . See Machado-Allison (1982:48) for discussion on taxonomic status.

Distribution: 313, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324 (Ota et al., 2013, Escobar et al., 2019).

Remarks: See Escobar et al. (2019) for species redescription and Ota et al. (2013:29) for information about introduction outside of its native range.

Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

Myletes (Myleus) mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887:387 . Type locality: Rio Parana , Uruguay. No types known.

Myletes edulis Castelnau, 1855:68 . Type locality: rio Paraguay. Holotype: [No types known]. Castelnau (1855:68) described this species under Myletes bidens Agassiz, 1829 , because the author believed this morphotype from rio Paraguay was different from the rio Amazonas morphotype.

Myletes mitrei Berg, 1895:149 . Type locality: Río Paraná ( San Pedro). [ Argentina]. Syntypes: BMNH 1928.1 .25.6 (1) and BMNH 1928.1 .25.7 (1) ; MACN 4911 (1), 5690 (1). See Bristki et al. (1999:62) for discussion of species taxonomic status .

Colosoma canterai Devincenzi , in Devincenzi , Teague, 1942:74, figs. 1–6. Type locality: Río Uruguay. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: 332, 342, 343, 344, 345 (Jégu, 2003; Ota et al., 2018.).

Remarks: See Ota et al. (2018:53) for brief description. Recovered as phylogenetically nested within P. brachypomus in Escobar et al. (2015) and Machado et al. (2018), but was considered a valid species by Escobar et al. (2019).

Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar, Ota, Machado-Allison, Farias, Hrbek, 2019

Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar, Ota, Machado-Allison, Farias, Hrbek, 2019:5 , fig. 1. Type locality: Laguna La raya, caño Falcón, nearby Camaguan, Guárico, 8°07’N, 67°37’W. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: ANSP 163570 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 310 (Escobar et al., 2019).

PROSOMYLEUS Géry, 1972

Prosomyleus Géry, 1972a:182 . Type species: Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier, 1817 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally described as a subgenus of Myleus .

Remarks: Considered a valid monotypic genus sister to clade containing other Myleinae taxa (except Acnodon ) by Kolmann et al., 2020. More comprehensive studies are required to understand its composition and relationships with remaining serrasalmid genera.

Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818)

Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier, 1818:451 , Pl. 22 (fig. 3). Type locality: Brésil. [No types known].

Tetragonopterus latus, Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:241. Type locality: Guiana. [ Guyana]. [No types known]. Treated as species inquirenda, in subfamily Serrasalminae by Jégu 2003. See Zarske (2012b) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Myletes latus Müller, Troschel, 1844:97 . Type locality: Guiana. [ Guyana]. Syntypes ZMB 3643 (1) ZMB 3644 (1) [Listed by Zarske (2012b:324, fig. 90a, b)]. Also appeared as a new species in Müller, Troschel (1845:24). Considered a Homonym and junior synonym of Tetragonopterus latus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841 by Zarske (2012b). Also see Jégu, 2003).

Distribution: 308, 311, 314, 315, 316, 321, 322, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Mol et al., 2007).

Remarks: See detailed description, biology, and distribution in French Guiana in Planquette et al. (1996:368), and teeth arrangement illustration in Andrade et al. (2016b:158, fig. 3b). Multiple lineages recovered in the species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in Machado et al. (2018). A broad taxonomic review is necessary to understand intra- and interspecific variation, and consequently the limits of its geographic distribution.

PYGOCENTRUS Müller, Troschel, 1844

Pygocentrus Müller, Troschel, 1844:94 . Type species: Serrasalmus piraya Cuvier, 1819 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann (1910: 442). Gender: Masculine.

Gastropristis Eigenmann, 1915:238 . Type species: Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) ternetzi Steindachner, 1908 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Rooseveltiella Eigenmann, 1915:240 . Type species: Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: preoccupied by Rooseveltiella Fox, 1914 in Siphonaptera. Replaced by Taddyella Ihering, 1928.

Taddyella Ihering, 1928:45. Type species: Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Replacement for Rooseveltiella Eigenmann, 1915 , preoccupied by Rooseveltiella Fox, 1914 .

Remarks: See species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in Mateussi et al. (2018).

Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt, 1821)

Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt , in Humboldt, Valenciennes, 1821:216, [173], Pl. 47 (fig. 1). Type locality: Orénoque. [ Venezuela]. No types known.

Serrasalmus caribe Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:279 . Type locality: Orénoque. [ Venezuela]. No types known. According to Fink (1993:669) the species was redescribed by Valenciennes, in Cuvier, Valenciennes (1850) as S. caribe , apparently to correct the error on the text of Humboldt, Valenciennes (1821) in which the specific epithet was suppressed.

Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) notatus Lütken, 1875a:238 [49]. Type locality: Museet i Caraccas. [ Venezuela]. Syntype: ZMUC 517 (1). [See Fink (1993:681, fig. 22) for syntype image]. See Fink (1993:684) for synonym discussion.

Pygocentrus stigmaterythraeus Fowler, 1911a:424 , fig. 3. Type locality: La Pedrita, on the Cano Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37868 . [See Fink (1993:681, fig 23) for holotype image]. See Machado-Allison, Fink (1991:122) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Distribution: 307, 308, 309 (Jégu, 2003; Vari et al., 2009; Mateussi et al., 2019).

Remarks: See Fink (1993:681) for detailed redescription and comments on specific epithet and Mateussi et al. (2019) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858

Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858b:166 [6]. Type locality: not given. [Kner (1860:38) later mentioned type locality as “Matogrosso und Cujaba”]. Syntypes: NMW 10585 (1), NMW 10586 (1), NMW 16167 (1, dry). [NMW 10585, 99 mm SL; NMW 10585, 102 mm SL; NMW 16167, 165 mm SL. See Fink (1993:678, fig. 14, 15) for syntypes images].

Pygocentrus altus Gill, 1870:93 . Type locality: Marañon, or Upper Amazon , and Napo Rivers. [type locality from title of work, but some species described by Gill (1870) were based on specimens from the Pacific versant of the Andes; see comments for Tetragonopterus ortonii herein] Holotype: USNM 21432 . [See Fink (1993:679, fig. 19) for holotype image]. See Fink (1993:670) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) ternetzi Steindachner, 1908b:359 . Type locality: Rio Paraguay bei Descalvados. [ Brazil]. Holotype: NMW. [According to Fink (1993:680) the holotype is lost. Norman (1929:790) suggested the type specimen had a bite on the anal-fin origin, and therefore it presented only 12 rays, and its origin was behind the midbody; anomalous conditions used to diagnose the species]. See Fink (1993:680) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Distribution: 310, 315, 316, 321, 323, 324, 318, 319, 332, 343, 345, (Jégu, 2003; Vari et al., 2009; Ota et al., 2013; Mateussi et al. (2019).).

Remarks: Described as new species by Kner (1860:38). See Fink (1993:672) for detailed redescription. Mateussi et al. (2019) recovered phylogeographicallystructured lineages within the species, using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819)

Serrasalmus piraya Cuvier, 1819:368 , Pl. 28 (fig. 4). Type locality: Brésil. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A.8630. [stuffed specimen].

Serrasalmo piranha Agassiz , in Spix, Agassiz, 1829:71, Pl. 28. Type locality: Flumine Sancti Francisci , inque vicinis lacubus, piscinis, rivulis. [ Brazil]. No types known. Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988:79)), followed by Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmo ferox Swainson, 1838:254 . Type locality: not given. No types known. Considered a junior synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier) by Jégu (2003:189) based on text under Serrasalmo piranha Agassiz, 1829 , pl.28.

Distribution: 327 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; Hubert et al., 2007; Mateussi et al. (2019).).

Remarks: See Fink (1993:671) for detailed redescription, and Mateussi et al. (2019) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

PYGOPRISTIS Müller, Troschel, 1844

Pygopristis Müller, Troschel, 1844:95 . Type species: Pygopristis fumarius Müller, Troschel, 1844 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann (1910:441). Gender: Feminine.

Remarks: Recovered as sister of Catoprion (Kolmann et al., 2020, Mateussi et al., 2020b).

Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819)

Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier, 1819:371 . Type locality: not given. [No Type locality known]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. [No types known].

Serrasalmus punctatus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:223, Pl. 17. Type locality: Guiana. [ Guyana]. No types known. See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:13) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Pygopristis fumarius Müller, Troschel, 1844:95 . Type locality: Guiana. Syntypes: ZMB 3622 (2), 6252 (2). [Appeared with more details in Müller, Troschel (1845:35, Pl. 9, fig. 2). See Zarske (2012b:335, fig. 98b, c) for detailed description and X-ray image of syntype]. See Machado-Allison (2002:43) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Distribution: 307, 308, 310, 311, 316, 318, 321*, 322, 323, 324 (Jégu, 2003; Montag et al., 2008; Rio Yata, tributary of Rio Mamoré, Madeira River Basin, Bolivia (M. Jégu, pers. comm. based on W. Staeck’s photos of specimens and dentition).

Remarks: See a detailed description in Machado-Allison, Fink (1996), and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

SERRASALMUS Lacepède, 1803

Serrasalmus Lacepède, 1803:283 . Type species: Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Serrasalmo Duméril, 1805:146 , 342. Type species: Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766 . Type by subsequent designation by Fowler (1950: 279). Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Perhaps not intended as a new name (Jégu, 2003:190)

Pristobrycon Eigenmann, 1915:245 . Type species: Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) calmoni Steindachner, 1908 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: considered a junior synonym of Serrasalmus by Kolmann et al. (2020:10).

Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu, Santos, 2000

Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu, Santos, 2000:191 , figs. 4B, 5B, 7B, 8A. Type locality: Quarenta Ilhas, fleuve Pitinga, bassin de l’Uatumã, Amazonas, Brésil. [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 14434 . [Specimen in poor condition of preservation (R. Ota, pers. obs.)].

Distribution: 314, 315*, 316, 322*, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; Montag et al., 2008; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez, 1965

Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez, 1965b:1 , fig. (p. 3). Type locality: El Polvero, Río San José , Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65639.

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 314 (Jégu, Santos (1987); Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Jégu, Santos (1987:405) for a detailed description and Fink, Machado-Allison (2001:10) for comparison with S. compressus .

Serrasalmus aureus Agassiz, 1829

Serrasalmo aureus Agassiz , in Spix, Agassiz, 1829:72, Pl. 29. Type locality: Brasiliae aequinoctialis flaviis lacubusque. [ Brazil]. No types known. [No types known according to Kottelat (1988)].

Serrasalmo gymnogenys Günther, 1864:371 . Type locality: British Guiana; and River Capin , Brazil . Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1849.11.8: 33 (1), BMNH 1971.5.10: 59 (1). [ BMNH 1849.11.3: 33 from Rio Capim, Brazil and BMNH 1971.5.10: 59 from Guyana (former British Guiana)]. See Jégu (2003:188) for synonymy with Serrasalmus aureus Agassiz, 1829 .

Distribution: 311, 316 (Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988:79); author as Spix, Agassiz in Jégu (2003). Assignment to Serrasalmus based on Kolmann et al., 2020:11. See Mateussi et al. (2020b) for a discussion on phylogenetic relationships.

Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875

Serrasalmo (s. str.) Brandtii Rhdt Lütken, 1875c:137 [11]. Type locality: Lagoa Santa. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 57008 (2); SNMS 2043 (2); USNM 44964 (1), ZMUC 268 (1), ZMUC 269 (1), ZMUC 273 (1), ZMUC 276 a (1), ZMUC 279 (1), ZMUC 280 (1), ZMUC 290 (1), ZMUC 295 (1), ZMUC 297 (1), ZMUC 278 (1, skel); ZMB 9195 (2). [ NMW 57008 , 52.2 and 85.2 mm SL. See Zarske (2012b:337, fig. 100b, c) for syntype detailed description and X-ray image].

Distribution: 327 (Jégu, 2003; Machado et al. (2018)).

Remarks: Also described in Lütken (1875b:237). See Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner, 1908

Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) calmoni Steindachner, 1908b:361 . Type locality: Rio Pará. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) NMW (apparently lost). [Syntype (s) NMW apparently lost according to Fink (1993:671)].

Pygocentrus bilineatus Eigenmann, 1909a:47 . Type locality: Aruka River , British Guiana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 58075 . See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:20–23) for holotype images (fig. 12A), and discussion of species taxonomic status.

Serrasalmus coccogenis Fowler, 1911a:428 , fig. 4. Type locality: La Pedrita, on the Cano Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37870 . See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:20–23) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Pygopristis gibbosus Starks, 1913:17 , Pl. 3. Type locality: Market at Pará. Holotype: CAS-SU 22226 .

Distribution: 308, 309, 310, 311, 316, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Montag et al., 2009; Vari et al., 2009).

Remarks: See Jégu, Santos (1988:243) for detailed redescription as Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner, 1908 and Machado-Allison (2002:49) for the generic allocation in Pristobrycon . Assignment to Serrasalmus based on Kolmann et al., 2020:10. See Mateussi et al. (2020b) for a discussion on phylogenetic relationships.

Serrasalmus careospinus (Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992)

Pristobrycon careospinus Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992:69 , fig. 20. Type locality: Venezuela, El Loro lagoon, Atabapo River , 1 km from San Fernando de Atabapo. Holotype: MBUCV-V-8145.

Distribution: 308, 314 (Jégu, 2003; Vari et al., 2009).

Remarks: Assignment to Serrasalmus based on Kolmann et al., 2020:11. See Mateussi et al. (2020) for a discussion on phylogenetic relationships.

Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão, Santos, 1991

Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão, Santos, 1991:102 , figs. 2 (a–b). Type locality: Bolivie: Province du Béni : Laguna Mocovi, affluent Mamoré. [ Bolivia]. Holotype: MNHN 1986-0615 . [See Fink, Machado-Allison (2001:15, fig. 14) for paratypes images].

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 321 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu et al., 2013; Ota et al., 2013).

Remarks: See Fink, Machado-Allison (2001:10) for comparison with S. altuvei ; Ota et al. (2013:31) for a brief diagnosis; and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman, 1929

Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman, 1929:804 , fig. 16. Type locality: Rockstone , British Guiana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1911.10 .31.496.

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu et al., 2013; Ota et al., 2013; Giarrizzo et al., 2015).

Remarks: See Jégu, Santos (1988:253) for detailed description; and Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:84) for paratype illustration (fig. 59).

Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858

Serrasalmo elongatus Kner, 1858b:167 [7]. Type locality: not given. [Kner (1860:45) later mentioned the type locality as “ Rio Guaporé, Matogrosso”]. Possible syntypes: NMW 18903 (1), NMW 18904 (1), NMW 57016 (1), NMW 16343 (1 dry), NMW 16345 (1 dry), NMW 16240 (1 dry). [Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:69, fig. 46) illustrated a syntype, but did not mention the number of the lot].

Serrasalmus pingke Fernández-Yépez, 1951 :[1], figure on 3rd unnumbered p. Type locality: Río Apure, La Defensa, suroeste de San Fernando de Apure, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 1021 [not 1903]. See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:67) for discussion on species taxonomic status; and type illustration (fig. 44).

Distribution: 306, 307, 308, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 321, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ; Ota et al., 2013).

Remarks: Kner (1860:45) described the species as new. See Ota et al. (2013:33) for a brief diagnosis, and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus geryi Jégu, Santos, 1988

Serrasalmus geryi Jégu, Santos, 1988:248 , Pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type locality: Araguacema , rio Araguaia. Holotype: INPA 999 .

Distribution: 324, 344* (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; J. Zuanon, pers. comm.).

Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau, 1855

Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau, 1855:71 , Pl. 38 (fig. 1). Type locality: Araguay [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A.8648. [stuffed specimen].

Distribution: 324 (Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: See Jégu, Santos (1988:253) for detailed description and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992

Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992:58 , figs. 2, 12–14. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Negro , Anavilhanas. Holotype: MZUSP 42363 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 315, 316, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:75) for a brief description; and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus hastatus Fink, Machado-Allison, 2001

Serrasalmus hastatus Fink, Machado-Allison, 2001:4 , figs. 2–8. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Branco , Marara, beach. Holotype: MZUSP 66893 .

Distribution: 314 (Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: See Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus hollandi (Eigenmann, 1915)

Serrasalmo hollandi Eigenmann, 1915:251 , Pl. 48. Type locality: Maciél , Rio Guaporé. Holotype: FMNH 56978 .

Distribution: 318, 319, 320*, 321 (Jégu, 2003; Ota et al., 2013; Jégu et al., 2013).

Remarks: See Ota et al. (2013:33) for a brief diagnosis.

Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes, 1850

Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:279 . Type locality: Amazone. [Amazonas, Brazil is an erroneous locality and according to Castelnau (1855:71), type locality is Araguay ( Araguaia riv., Tocantins basin)]. Holotype: MNHN A.9735. [Holotype figured by Castelnau (1855:pl. 37, fig. 2) and by Géry (1964a:605, fig. 3)].

Serrasalmo iridopsis Cope, 1872b:268 , Pl. 9 (fig. 2). Type locality: Ambyiacu. [ Río Ampyiacu , Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 7913 . [Fowler (1907:471); Böhlke(1984:49)]. According to Géry (1977:283), the species is questionably a junior synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis ( Valenciennes, 1850) .

Distribution: 323, 324 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007).

Remarks: See Géry (1964a:604) for detalied redescription.

Serrasalmus irritans Peters, 1877

Serrasalmo irritans Peters, 1877a:472 . Type locality: von Fernando de Apure [ Venezuela]. Holotype: ZMB 10045 . [See Zarske (2012b:338, fig. 101a, b) for holotype detailed description and X-ray image].

Serrasalmus fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1965a :[1], figure. Type locality: El Polvero, Río San José , Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65637 . See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996:78) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Distribution: 307, 308, 309 (Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See description and distribution in Machado-Allison, Fink (1995, 1996).

Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858

Serrasalmo maculatus Kner, 1858b:166 [6]. Type locality: not given. [ Kner (1860:41) later mentioned the type locality as “ Matogrosso, Rio Guapore ” ( Brazil)]. Lectotype: NMW 17995 . [Designated and ilustrated by Jégu, Santos (2001:122, 127, figs. 1b, 4)].

Serrasalmo aesopus Cope, 1872b:269 . Type locality: From the Marañon between the mouth of the Rio Negro, Brazil, and the Huallaga, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 7914 . [Fowler (1907:469); Böhlke(1984:42)]. See Jégu (2003:191) for discussion on species taxonomic status.

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 321, 323, 324, 332, 333, 343, 344, 345, 347 (Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ; Ota et al., 2013).

Remarks: Kner (1860:41) described the species as new. See Jégu, Santos (2001:129) for species redescription and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Bignotto et al. (2010) suggested it is a species complex.

Serrasalmus maculipinnis (Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992)

Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink, Machado-Allison, 1992:66 , fig. 19. Type locality: Venezuela, Caño Doyotomoni , tributary of the Pamoni River, 4 km south of the confluence with the Casiquiare River. Holotype: MBUCV-V-16421.

Distribution: 308 (Jégu, 2003; Vari et al., 2009).

Remarks: Kolmann et al. (2020:10), did not analyze Pristobrycon maculipinnis , but synonymized the genus Pristobrycon with Serrasalmus . See Mateussi et al. (2020b) for a discussion on phylogenetic relationships.

Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez, Ramírez, 1967)

Pygocentrus manueli Fernández-Yépez, Ramírez, 1967:11 , fig. 4. Type locality: Río Paraguaza , Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 57247 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321, 322 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007).

Remarks: See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996) for a brief diagnosis and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837

Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 :no p., Pl. 10 (fig. 1). Type locality: not given. [Valenciennes, in Cuvier, Valenciennes (1850:277) later mentioned the type locality as “Parana , dans la province de Corrientes ”]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9734 (3).

Distribution: 318, 319, 343, 344, 345 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; Pouilly et al., 2010).

Remarks: Valenciennes (1850:277) described the species as new, using plate 10: fig 1 of d’Orbigny. Although only one specimen was figured on plate 10, based on the information of the original description, it is not possible to identify the holotype among the three specimens catalogued under MNHN A-9734. See Ota et al. (2018:53) for a brief description; and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez, 1965

Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez, 1965a:1 , fig. on p. 2. Type locality: El Polvero, Río San José , Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65622.

Distribution: 306, 307, 308, 309 (Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996) for a brief diagnosis.

Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez, 1969

Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez, 1969 :unnumbered p. 3. Type locality: Río Uracoa , 9°10’N, 62°27’W, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Neotype: MBUCV-V-35389. [Neotype designated by Machado-Allison et al. (2009:122, figs. 1–4)].

Distribution: 307, 308, 309 (Jégu, 2003; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Machado-Allison et al. (2009:122) for species redescription.

Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas, Rodenas, 1993

Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas, Rodenas, 1993:48 , figs. 4–7. Type locality: Río Querecual , tributario Río Neverí, Querecual, Anzoátegui. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: MBUCV-V-15439.

Distribution: 304, 309 (Jégu, 2003; Lasso et al., 2004).

Remarks: See Machado-Allison, Fink (1996) for a brief diagnosis.

Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert, Renno, 2010

Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert, Renno, 2010:49 , 52. Type locality: Bolivia, Madeira , Rio Itenez, Bella vista, 13°31.1’S, 061°33.2’W. Holotype: MNHN 2005-2216 . [167.2 mm LS].

Distribution: 318, 319, 321 (Ota et al., 2013).

Remarks: See Ota et al. (2013:37) for a brief diagnosis.

Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766:514 . Type locality: Surinam. [Locality of neotype: Suriname Rivier près de Brokopondo, Suriname ( Géry , 1972a:229)]. Neotype: RMNH 26192 . [Neotype designated and figured by Géry (1972a:229, plate 12, fig. 1), 155 mm SL].

Serrasalmus niger Jardine , in Schomburgk , 1841:225, Pl. 18. Type locality: Rivers in Guiana. [ Guyana]. No types known. [See Zarske (2012b:339) for a discussion on type status of ZMB 3631 , and the confirmation it is not a type specimen]. See Fink (1993:670) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Serrasalmo immaculatus Cope, 1878:692 . Type locality: Near Pebas, Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21503 . [Designated by Fowler (1907:471, fig. 54). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:48)]. Genus misspelled Serrasalimo in main heading. See Jégu (2003:192) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Serrasalmo (Serrasalmo) paraense Steindachner, 1908b:362 . Type locality: Rio Pará. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 10587 (1) and NMW 570667 . According to Jégu (2003:192) is questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) .

Serrasalmo humeralis var. gracilior Eigenmann, 1915:257 , fig. 9. Type locality: Maciél , Rio Guaporé. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: FMNH 56977 (3). See Norman (1929:800) for discussion of species taxonomic status.

Serrasalmus boekeri Ahl, 1931b:406 , figure unumbered p. 408. Type locality: Amazonas. Holotype: ZMB (not found). [Holotype is lost according to Zarske (2012b:333, 336)]. Considered a synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) by Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmus (Taddyella) normani Géry, 1964a:614 , figs. 4, 5a. Type locality: Suriname, Paramaribo area. Holotype: ZMH H1601 . [See Géry (1964a:611, fig. 4) for holotype illustration]. Synonymy proposed by Géry (1972a:228, 233).

Distribution: 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007; Vari, Ferraris, 2009 ).

Remarks: See Jégu, Santos (1988:253) for detailed redescription. The occurrence in Argentina is considered a mistake (M. Jégu, pers. obs.). See Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry, 1964

Serrasalmus (Serrasalmus) sanchezi Géry, 1964b:27 , fig. 22. Type locality: Caño Yarina , en bourdure du Rio Picaya , afluent du Canal de Puinahua (bras du bas Rio Ucayali). [ Peru]. Holotype: ZFMK 1216 .

Distribution: 316 (Jégu, 2003).

Serrasalmus scapularis Günther, 1864

Serrasalmo scapularis Günther, 1864:368 . Type locality: Essequibo River. [ Guyana]. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1 .21.34 (1), BMNH 1864.1 .21.35 (1), BMNH 1864.1 .21.36 (1), BMNH 1971.5 . 10.58 (1). [Norman (1929: 793) restricted the syntypes to lots BMNH 1864.1 .21.34 (1), BMNH 1864.1 .21.35 (1), BMNH 1864.1 .21.36 (1)] .

Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) striolatus Steindachner, 1908b:360 . Type locality: Rio Pará. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 10583 (1) and NMW 10584 (1). [Wrongly considered the senior synonym of S. scapularis by Géry (1976:53) and Jégu (2003:188)].

Pristobrycon baratai Amaral Campos, 1946:218 , fig. 1. Type locality: Rio Tapajós , Santarém. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 3630 . Considered by Géry (1976:53) a junior synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908) .

Pygopristis antoni Fernández-Yépez, 1965b:1 , fig. 1. Type locality: Río San José , Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65635 - A. Considered by Géry (1976:53) a junior synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908) .

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 315, 316, 322, 323 (Jégu, 2003; Vari et al., 2009; Giarrizzo et al., 2015).

Remarks: Géry (1976:53) and Jégu (2003:188) considered Serrasalmo scapularis Günther, 1864 a junior synonym of Serrasalmus striolatus Steindachner, 1908 . However, Serrasalmo scapularis is an older name and it has priority over Serrasalmus striolatus . Therefore, we suggest Serrasalmus scapularis Günther, 1864 as valid. Kolmann et al., 2020:11 considered both species to be unrelated to Serrasalmus and to warrant a new genus. Serrasalmus scapularis is herein assigned to Serrasalmus until a formal generic description is proposed to allocate the species and its intra- and interspecific limits with S. striolatus are evaluated.

Serrasalmus serrulatus ( Valenciennes, 1850)

Pygopristis serrulatus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:300 . Type locality: Amazone. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A.9858. [See Géry (1964a:601, fig. 2) for holotype illustration].

Distribution: 310, 311, 314, 316 (Jégu, 2003; Jégu, Ingenito, 2007).

Remarks: See Géry (1964a:600) for detailed redescription and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858

Serrasalmo spilopleura Kner, 1858b:166 . Type locality: not given. [Kner (1860:44) later mentioned the type locality as “ Matogrosso, Rio Guaporé , Bogota ”]. Lectotype: NMW 57085 . [Designated and figured by Jégu, Santos (2001:122,

124, figs. 1a, 3)].

Distribution: 316, 318, 319, 321 (Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: Kner (1860:44) described the species as new. See Jégu, Santos (2001:119) for detailed redescription and a discussion on species status and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Species inquirendae ( Serrasalmus )

Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:296 . Type locality: Rio Apure, Rio Guarico, et le bas Orénoque. [ Venezuela]. No types known.

Remarks: Listed as a nomen dubium by Valenciennes (in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850 ), and species incerta by Géry (1976:48). No additional comments in taxonomic review of Pygocentrus byFink (1993).

Serrasalmo emarginatus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:231, Pl. 19. Type locality: not given. No types known Jégu (2003).

Remarks: Species inquirenda according to Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmo nigricans Agassiz , in Spix , Agassiz , 1829:72, Pl. 30. Type locality: Brasiliae aequatorialis flaviis. [ Brazil]. No types known. [Author of species name is Agassiz according to Kottelat (1988:79) followed by Jégu (2003). According to Fink (1993:670), there is no evidence that the specimen examined by Müller, Troschel (1844:95) (currently ZMB 3630 ) was the type of Serrasalmo nigricans Agassiz, Fink (1993:670) also reported slightly different counts from those reported in the original description and some counts given by Agassiz do not match with Spix’s drawing].

Remarks: Analysis of the original description (Agassiz in Spix, Agassiz, 1829:72, Pl. 30) indicates the species corresponds to a Serrasalmus species, and not to Pygocentrus as proposed by Müller, Troschel (1844:95). However, there is not enough information to elucidate its taxonomic status.

Serrasalmo nigricauda Burmeister, 1861:536 . Type locality: Del Río Paraná , cerca de Rosario. [ Argentina]. No types known.

Remarks: Mirande, Koerber (2015b:16) mentioned this species has been forgotten and its identity is doubtful because no types are known and the original description does not allow for a clear identification (see Koerber, Litz, 2008).

Serrasalmo scotopterus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:233. Type locality: Rio Branco. No types known.

Remarks: Species inquirenda according to Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmo stagnatilis Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:222. Type locality: Upper Essequibo. [ Guyana]. No types known.

Remarks: Species inquirenda according to Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmo undulatus Jardine , in Schomburgk, 1841:232. Type locality: River Padauiri. [correct name is rio Padauari, tributary to rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil]. No types known.

Remarks: Species inquirenda according to Jégu (2003).

Serrasalmus auriventris Burmeister, 1861:536 . Type locality: Río Paraná , bei der Quinta. [“Quinta” refers to the small farm Burmeister possessed at west of the city of Paraná right at the bank of the river Paraná (Burmeister, 1861:432–433) , Argentina]. No types known.

Remarks: Mirande, Koerber (2015b:16) mentioned this species has been forgotten and its identity is doubtful because no types are known and the original description does not allow a clear identification (see Koerber, Litz, 2008).

TOMETES Valenciennes, 1850

Tometes Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:225 . Type species: Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850 . Type by subsequent designation by Jordan (1919: 242). Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Recovered as paraphyletic in recent molecular phylogenies (Kolmann et al., 2020; Mateussi et al., 2020b). Morphological diagnosis based on teeth arrangement is homoplastic and more comprehensive studies are required to understand its composition and relationship with remaining serrasalmid genera.

Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu, Giarrizzo, 2016

Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu, Giarrizzo, 2016a:479 , figs. 3b, 4b, 12–14. Type locality: Cachoeira do Jericoá , Vitória do Xingu , Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, 3°21’52.3”S, 51°44’02.7”W. Holotype: MPEG 31014 .

Distribution: 322, 324 (Andrade et al., 2016a).

Remarks: See Andrade et al. (2017) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo, Jégu, 2013

Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo, Jégu, 2013:298 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Para´, Trombetas basin, rio Erepecuru, upstream of the Cachoeira do Chuvisco, 00°59’59”S, 56°04’42”W. Holotype: MPEG 23447 .

Distribution: 315 (Andrade et al., 2013).

Remarks: See Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu, Giarrizzo, 2016

Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu, Giarrizzo, 2016a:469 , figs. 1, 2 (A–B), 3 (A), 4 (A), 5, 7–9. Type locality: Cachoeira do Espelho , Rio Xingu , Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°38’49.9”S, 52°22’54.5”W. Holotype: MPEG 31000 .

Distribution: 322 (Andrade et al., 2016a).

Remarks: See Andrade et al. (2017) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith, Belmont-Jégu, 2002

Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith, Belmont-Jégu, 2002:26 , figs. 2–5, 7–12. Type locality: Rapides dans un bief du canal principal, en amont du village Antecume Pata (03°18’06.4” Nord et 54°04’54.1” Ouest), riv. Litany, fl. Maroni. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 2001-2384 .

Distribution: 311 (Andrade et al., 2016a; Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: See Andrade et al. (2013:304) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes makue Jégu, Santos, Belmont-Jégu, 2002

Tometes makue Jégu, Santos, Belmont-Jégu, 2002:254 , figs. 2, 4 (A–B), 5 (A–C), 6–12, 13 (A), 14–16. Type locality: Brésil: Amazonas: Ile d’ A cara, en aval de São Gabriel da Cachoeira , rio Negro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 7344 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Andrade et al., 2016a; Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: See Andrade et al. (2013:304) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias, Giarrizzo, 2017

Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias, Giarrizzo, 2017:4 , figs. 1, 2a–b, 3, 4. Type locality: Itacaiúnas River , nearby Paulo Fontelles Road, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 5°52’38.2”S, 50°29’27.8”W. Holotype: MPEG 33922 .

Distribution: 324 (Andrade et al., 2016).

Remarks: See Andrade et al. (2017) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850

Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:226 . Type locality: Cayenne. [ French Guiana]. Lectotype: MNHN A.8650. [Designated and figured by Jégu et al. (2002:102, 116, fig. 18). Types with wrong SL in Jégu et al. (2002), see Andrade et al. (2017) for dentition illustration and correct information on SL of lectotype. Stuffed specimens].

Tometes unilobatus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:228 . Type locality: Cayenne. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN A.8651. [Stuffed specimen. See Jégu, Santos (2002:53, fig. 12b) for holotype image]. See Jégu, Santos (2002:53) for detailed description of type specimen and for comparison with Myleus setiger .

Distribution: 311, 315*, 323 (Andrade et al., 2016a; Jégu, 2003).

Remarks: Jégu et al. (2002) considered Tometes unilobatus a junior synonym of Tometes trilobatus , thus acting as first revisers in establishing priority. See Jégu et al. (2002:102) for species redescription; Andrade et al. (2013) for identification key and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

UTIARITICHTHYS Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937

Utiaritichthys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937a:58 . Type species: Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Recovered as paraphyletic in the recent molecular phylogeny of Mateussi et al. (2020b). Morphological diagnosis based on elongate body. More comprehensive studies are required to understand its validity, composition and relationship with remaining serrasalmid genera.

Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira, Castro, 2014

Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira, Castro, 2014:398 , figs 1–2. Type locality: Mato Grosso: rio Tapajós drainage, rio Juruena, nearby the município de Sapezal, 12°51’29”S, 58°55’23”W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 8184 .

Distribution: 320 (Pereira, Castro, 2014).

Remarks: See discussion in Andrade et al. (2016b) for differentiation from Myloplus species.

Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, Tito de Morais, Santos, 1992

Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, Tito de Morais, Santos, 1992:114 , figs. 7A–B. Type locality: Bassin du Madeira, rio Aripuanã , 3 km en amont de la chute Dardanellos, MT. [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 3638 .

Distribution: 321 (Jégu, 2003; Pereira, Castro, 2014).

Remarks: See Pereira, Castro 2014 for identification key; and Machado et al. (2018) for species delimitation using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937

Utiaritichthys Sennae Bragai Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937a:58 . Type locality: Upstream of Salto Utiarity , Affluent of Rio Papagaio, Mato Grosso, Brazil. [Lectotype from: Brésil, Mato Grosso, Bassin du Tapajós, affluent du rio Papagaio, en amont de Salto Utiarity (58°15’ Ouest, 13° Sud) (Jégu et al., 1992:107)]. Lectotype: MNRJ 12154 . [Designated by Miranda-Ribeiro (1953:397) and recataloged in Jégu et al. (1992:112)].

Distribution: 320 (Jégu, 2003; Pereira, Castro, 2014).

Remarks: See Pereira, Castro, 2014 for identification key.

Species inquirendae ( Serrasalmidae )

Charax serratus Gronovius , in Gray, 1854:155. Type locality: Habitat Surinami. [ Suriname]. No types known.

Salmo 30-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923:388. Type locality: Uruguay. No types known .

Remarks: Status of species discussed by Mateussi et al. (2018:298).