Paramacrobiotus filipi, Stec & Dudziak & Michalczyk, 2020

Stec, Daniel, Dudziak, Magdalena & Michalczyk, Łukasz, 2020, Fig. 4 in Fig. 22 in Paralbunea dayriti, Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 59 (23), pp. 1-25 : 7-13

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.6620/ZS.2020.59-23
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78450-FFE2-D573-8A12-50C7C0F77942
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Paramacrobiotus filipi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Paramacrobiotus filipi View in CoL sp. nov. Dudziak, Stec &

Michalczyk ( Figs. 9–13 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig , Tables 4–5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EED1679C-D91B-4D9A-B4CB-21E6B50180C9

Material examined: 28 animals and 15 eggs. Specimens mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium (24 animals + 10 eggs), fixed on SEM stubs (0+5), and processed for DNA sequencing (4+0).

Type locality: 44°02'N, 114°49'E; 100 m asl: Malaysia: Sarawak, Borneo, Gunung Mulu; epiphyllous moss on the tree leaf in the primary tropical forest; coll. 27 July 2016 by Piotr Gąsiorek.

Type depositories: Holotype (slide MY.098.01 with 4 paratypes) and 19 paratypes (slides: MY.098.*, where the asterisk can be substituted by any of the following numbers 02, 04–05) and 15 eggs (slides: MY.098.*: 03, 06; SEM stub: 18.13) are deposited at the Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.

Etymology: We take great pleasure in dedicating this new species to Filip Dudziak, son of the second author.

Description: Animals (measurements and statistics in Table 4): Before mounting in Hoyer’s medium, body almost transparent in juveniles and white in adults, eyes absent; after fixation on microscope slides body transparent ( Fig. 9A View Fig ). Body cuticle covered with fine granulation clearly visible on the dorsal side of the caudal body region ( Fig. 9B View Fig ). On legs I–III, a patch of fine granulation is placed on the external surface of the legs, near the claws ( Fig. 9C View Fig ), whereas granulation on legs IV extends from the claws onto the entire dorsolateral surface of the legs, being denser towards the claws ( Fig. 9E View Fig ). A pulvinus is present on the internal surface of legs I–III ( Fig. 9D View Fig ).

Claws slender, of the hufelandi type. Primary branches with distinct accessory points, a long common tract, and with an evident stalk connecting the claw to the lunula ( Fig. 10A–B View Fig ). Lunulae on all legs smooth ( Fig. 10A–B View Fig ). Bars under claws absent.

Mouth antero-ventral, bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Macrobiotus type ( Fig. 11A View Fig ). The oral cavity armature well-developed and composed of three bands of teeth ( Fig. 11B–E View Fig ). The first band of teeth comprises numerous small granules arranged in a several rows situated anteriorly in the oral cavity, just behind the bases of the peribuccal lamellae ( Fig. 11B–E View Fig ). The second band of teeth is situated between the ring fold and the third band of teeth, and is composed of ridges parallel to the main axis of the buccal tube ( Fig. 11B– E View Fig ). The teeth of the third band are located within the posterior portion of the oral cavity, between the second band of teeth and the buccal tube opening ( Fig. 11B– E View Fig ). The third band of teeth is divided into the dorsal and the ventral portion. Under PCM, both dorsal and ventral teeth are visible as two lateral and one median transverse ridges ( Fig. 11B–E View Fig ). The ventro-median tooth is divided into two roundish teeth of which one is sometimes larger ( Fig. 11C, E View Fig ). Pharyngeal bulb spherical, with triangular apophyses, three rod-shaped macroplacoids and a microplacoid clearly distant (more than its length) from the third macroplacoid ( Fig. 11A, F–G View Fig ). The macroplacoid length sequence is 2 <1 <3. The first macroplacoid is anteriorly narrowed and the third has a subterminal constriction ( Fig. 11F–G View Fig ).

Eggs (measurements and statistics in Table 5): Laid freely, white, spherical with conical processes with the elongated terminal portion terminated with a small concave disc with an irregular edge ( Figs. 12A–F View Fig , 13A– F View Fig ). The labyrinthine layer between the process walls is visible under PCM as a reticular pattern with slightly sinuous margins ( Fig. 12A–B View Fig ). Eight to ten areoles are present around each process ( Figs. 12A–B View Fig , 13A–B View Fig ). The surface of the areoles is sculptured and porous ( Figs. 12A–B View Fig , 13A–D View Fig ). Pores large and visible both under PCM and SEM ( Figs. 12A–B View Fig , 13A–D View Fig , respectively). The ridges separating each areole are narrower than the areole diameter ( Figs. 12A–B View Fig , 13A–D View Fig ).

Reproduction: The new species is probably parthenogenetic since no spermathecae or testis filled with spermatozoa were found in specimens freshly mounted in Hoyer’s medium.

DNA sequences: We obtained sequences for three out of the four DNA markers which we had tried to sequences. We did not get the ITS-2 sequences for the species as the reads were always of bad quality. Out of these three successfully sequenced markers 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA was represented by a single haplotype, whereas COI was represented by two haplotypes: The 18S rRNA sequence (GenBank: MT 261913), 1017 bp long; The 28S rRNA sequence (GenBank: MT 261904), 780 bp long; The COI haplotype 1 sequence (GenBank: MT 260372), 658 bp long; COI haplotype 2 sequence (GenBank: MT 260373), 658 bp long.

Remarks: Paramacrobiotus filipi sp. nov. is only the fourth species reported from Malaysia and the fourth specifically from Borneo ( Pilato et al. 2004; Gąsiorek 2018; Gąsiorek et al. 2020; Gąsiorek and Michalczyk 2020).