Pachyptera aromatica (Barb. Rodr.) L.G. Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 456. 2014

Francisco, Jessica Nayara Carvalho & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2018, Taxonomic revision of Pachyptera (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 92, pp. 89-131 : 98-99

1. Pachyptera aromatica (Barb. Rodr.) L.G. Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 456. 2014 Fig. 5

Pachyptera aromatica (Barb. Rodr.) L.G. Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99(3): 456. 2014. Leucocalantha aromatica Barb. Rodr., Vellosia. ed. 2. 1: 47, tab. 7. 1891. Pachyptera aromatica (Barb. Rodr.) L.G. Lohmann, Cat. Pl. Fung. Brasil 1: 770. 2010, nom. nud. Type: Brazil. Amazonas: in capoeiras prope Manáos, in Rio Negro, July, fl., B. Rodrigues 633. Lectotype (designated here): tab. 7, in Vellosia. 1891, excluding the pollen image.

Description.

Liana; stems solid (hollow), cylindrical (tetragonal when ≥ 6 cm2 diameter), vinaceous, with greyish striations, without lenticels; prophylls of axillary buds 3-seriated (a single series visible to the naked eye in some specimens), triangular and minute. Leaves with blades discolorous, chartaceous to coriaceous, elliptic, obovate or ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric (symmetric), apex acuminate or caudate, base cuneate, obtuse or rounded, lateral blades 5.3-19.8 × 2.0-8.0 cm, apical blades 9.0-19 × 3.8-9.0 cm; petioles cylindrical, (0.3-)1.0-6.0 cm long; petiolules often pulvinated, lateral petiolules 0.5-6.0 cm long, apical petiolules 3.0-8.5 cm long. Inflorescence a lax raceme, 6-24 cm long; pedicel 0.5-1.8 cm long; bracts 0.4-2.1 mm long; bracteoles cymbiform or lanceolate, 0.7-0.8 mm. Calyx green, tubular, sub-bilabiate, 5-denticulate (truncate), 1.0-1.8 × 0.3-0.6 cm. Corolla white, hypocrateriform, 6.3-12.2 cm long, 0.4-1.0 cm of diameter at the tube mouth; lobes elliptic or obovate, 1.9-4.0 × 1.1-1.9 cm. Androecium with the longer stamens 14.0-23.1 mm long, the shorter stamens 11.0-19.7 mm long, glabrous; anthers glabrous, included, with thecae straight, 3.8-6.2 × 0.3-0.6 mm; pollen 4-colpate, psilate-foveolate-microreticulate. Gynoecium ca. 5.4 cm long; ovary 2.7-4.8 × 1.0-1.2 mm, cylindrical, not-sulcate, smooth, moderately to densely pubescent, with simple and dentritic trichomes, sparsely lepidote, with glandular peltate trichomes, without patelliform glandular trichomes; stigma ovate, 2.3 × 1.6 mm; nectar disc 0.3-1.4 × 1.3-2.1 mm. Capsule linear, flattened, 33.1-95.0 × 1.0-2.0 cm, each valve with an inconspicuous longitudinal midline; seeds oblong, 4.0-5.5 × 1.0-1.6 cm, thin, not-corky, chartaceous, striated, secondary sculpture smooth, winged, with membranaceous (chartaceous) and hyaline wings.

Distribution.

Pachyptera aromatica grows in wet forest vegetation in the Brazilian Amazon ( Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia). Fig. 6 .

Phenology.

This species flowers from June to January. Fruits were collected in January, March and July through November.

Nomenclatural note.

Like Lohmann and Taylor (2014), it was not possible to locate the holotype of P. aromatica during multiple visits to the RB, where the holotype was thought to be deposited. It was also not possible to locate any isotypes of any of the collections visited, indicating that the types of P. aromatica were likely lost, just like several other type materials collected by Barbora Rodrigues in the Amazon ( Mori and Ferreira 1987). As such, we here designate the illustration used in the original description of this species as the lectotype.

Taxonomic comments.

P. aromatica is characterised by cylindrical (tetragonal when ≥ 6 cm2 diameter) and vinaceous stems with greyish striations, interpetiolar extrafloral nectaries, triangular and minute prophylls of the axillary buds 3-seriated and white and hypocrateriform corollas (Figs 2 A–D , 5A ). This species was originally described within a monotypic genus due to its unusual morphology ( Barbosa Rodrigues 1891), but was later transferred into Pachyptera based on a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic data ( Lohmann and Taylor 2014). Pachyptera aromatica is sister to the remaining species of the genus (Fig. 1 ; Francisco and Lohmann 2017, Francisco and Lohmann submitted). The phylogenetic placement of P. aromatica corroborates its placement within Pachyptera and helps to explain the unusal morphology of this taxon. Selection exerted by differ pollinators may help to explain the floral differences amongst P. aromatica and its close relatives. Pachyptera aromatica also has a series of other unusual features in the genus such as the poorly developed, triangular and minute prophylls of the axillary buds (vs. well developed, flattened and ensiform prophylls of all other species of Pachyptera ), glabrous region of stamen and staminode insertion (vs. villous region of stamen and staminode insertion of all other species of Pachyptera ), glabrous anthers with straight thecae (vs. villous anthers with curved thecae of all other species of Pachyptera ) and white hypocrateriform corollas (vs. white to red infundibuliform or tubular-campanulate corollas of all other species of Pachyptera ) (Fig. 5 A–B, E–F ).

Specimens examined.

BRAZIL. Amapá: Macapá, Margem de campo, 31 Oct 1980, fl., B. Rabele 1003 (MG). Amazonas: Humaitá, near river Livramento, 6 Oct 1934, fr., B.A. Krukoff 6845 (NY, K); Humaitá, Basin of Rio Madeira, on Rio Livramento, 1 Jan 1982, fl., B.A. Krukoff 12511 (INPA); Iranduba, Estrada entre Novo Airão e Manacapurú, 2°54'46.6"S, 60°57'58.8"W, fl., L.H. Fonseca 327 (SPF); Itacoatiara, Rio Solimões, West of Itacoatiara, brazilnut plantattion, EPILOC360, 3°00'S 58°45'W, 100 m, 15 Jan 1990, fr., A.H. Gentry 69107 (MO); Manaus, Mar 1907, fr., M. Labroy 1906 (P); Ibid., 30 July 1929, fl., A. Sucre s.n. (R, RB); Ibid., 30 July 1929, fl., fr., A. Ducke s.n. (MO); Ibid., 31 July 1929, fl., A. Ducke 22698a (P, R); Ibid., 8 Aug 1931, fr., A. Ducke s.n. (R); Ibid., 8 Nov 1931, fr., A. Ducke 22698b (P); Manaus, BR-17, Km 3, 26 Aug 1955, fl., L.F. Coelho INPA1731 (INPA); Ibid., BR-17, km 3, 30 Aug 1955, fl., F.C. Mello s.n. (INPA); Ibid., ca. 80 km N de Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário da SUFRAMA, Rodovia BR 174, km 64, despois 21 km leste na ZF3, Fazenda Porto Alegre, 1 Jan 1962, st., M.H. Nee s.n. (INPA); Ibid., Campos Sales, margem do Igarapé do Buião, 28 Sept 1954, fl., J.C. Almeida INPA137 (INPA); Ibid., Estrada BR-17, 30 Aug 1955, fl., C.M. Francisco s.n. (MG), Luís s.n. (MG); Ibid., Estrada da Forquilha, Margem do igarapé da cachoeira Alta, 22 Aug 1955, fl., J.C. Chagas INPA1701 (INPA); Ibid., Estrada do Aleixo, km 11 past INPA, 2 Dec 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 13022 (INPA, MO); Ibid., Estrada do igarapé do Tabatinga, 17 Sept 1963, fl., W.A. Rodrigues 5476 (INPA); Ibid., Estrada do Passarinho, 6 Aug 1962, fl., W.A. Rodrigues 4578 (INPA, SPF); Ibid., Ground of INPA at Manaus, 5 Apr 1974, st., A.H. Gentry 11201 (MO), A.H. Gentry 11207 (MO); Ibid., Igarapé do Buião, 15 Oct 1962, st., W.A. Rodrigues 4693 (MO, US); Ibid., Igarapé do Franco, 29 Aug 1957, fl., J.C. Almeida INPA5722 (INPA); Ibid., Loco Cachaeira Grande, 4 July 1943, fl., A. Ducke 239 (NY, K); Ibid., Margem da estrada do Paredão, 3 Aug 1955, fl., J.C. Almeida INPA1540 (INPA); Ibid., Margem do Igarapé do Buião, 19 Aug 1955, fl., J.C. Almeida INPA1687 (INPA); Ibid., Mauazinho, Industrial development, 2°18'57.6"S, 60°04'58.8"W, 50-60 m, 4 Aug 1987, fl., S. Tsugaru B-690 (NY); Ibid., Outskirts of Manaus, road to INPA, boat landing, behind airport, 26 Nov 1974, fr., A.H. Gentry 12862 (INPA, MO, R); Ibid., s.d. fl., Ule U. 4217 (HB, MO); Ibid., Sede do Inpa, Aleixo, depostio do Oficina, 10 July 1972, fl., M. Silva 1024 (INPA, MO); Ibid., Wedge of Rio Negro, a few km N of Manaus, 26 Nov 1974, st., A.H. Gentry 12888 (INPA, MO); Ibid., Rio Negro, Aug 1900, fl., U. Ule 5217 (K); Ibid., Rio Preto da Eva, 2-5 km N of Manaus-Itacoatiara Road at km 79 near Río Preto da Eva, 24 Nov 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 12832 (MO); Ibid., Road toward Río Negro, 10 km N from Manaus on Estrada Aleixo, 21 Nov 1974, st., A.H. Gentry 12778 (MO, R); Ibid., Rodovia BR-174 Manaus-Presidente Figueiredo, sentido norte., 02°47'53.97"S, 60°02'13.12"W, 87 m, 23 Sept 2016, fl., E. Kataoka 349 (SPF); Ibid. (BR-174), próximo a entrada da Reserva de Campinarana do INPA., 2°35'23.76"S, 60°02'2.26"W, 88 m, 23 Sept 2016, fr., A. Frazão 313 (SPF); Ibid., Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 15 July 1995, fl., M.J.G. Hopkins 1570 (SPF); Ibid., 15 July 1995, fl., M.J.G. Hopkins 1574 (NYBG); Ibid., 2 Sept 1962, st., A.P. Duarte 7048 (RB); Ibid., Estrada da entrada, 15 Feb 1995, st., M.J.G. Hopkins 1543 (INPA, SPF); Ibid., Nova Prainha, SB-20-ZA, Ponto 02, 10 Sept 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA61048 (INPA); Ibid. . área interna da Reserva Ducke, planta na trilha LO2 entre 1050 e 1100 metros, no interior do gride PPBIO, 15 Oct 2012, st., A. Nogueira 190 (SPF); Ibid., Planta fichada: 2966-24, 15 July 1995, fl., L.G. Lohmann 28 (INPA, SPF); Ibid., próxima a sede da reserva, na área de platô, 02°55'49.0"S, 59°58'23.2"W, 100 m, 5 May 2015, st., C.S. Gerolamo 9 (SPF); Ibid., km 26 on Manaus-Itacoatiara road, 2°18'S, 59°54'W, 80 m, 19 Jan 1990, fl., A.H. Gentry 69308 (MO); Ibid., 23 Nov 1974, st., A.H. Gentry 12815 (INPA, MO); Ibid., Km 16, 3 Dec 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 13056 (MO); Ibid, km 55, 24 Oct 1963, fr., E. Oliveira 2790 (IAN); Ibid., km 26, 30 Sept 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA61920 (INPA); Ibid., 1 Jan 1976, st., J.A. Souza s.n. (INPA); Ibid., 15 July 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA71829 (INPA); Ibid., 21 July 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA71832 (INPA); Ibid., 25 May 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA71839 (INPA); Ibid., 3 Aug 1976, st., J.A. Souza INPA71828 (INPA); Ibid., 6 Aug 1976, J.A. Souza INPA71827 (INPA); Novo Airão, Estação Ecológica Anavilhanas, 2°32'08.0"S, 60°50'49.0"W, 9 Oct 2006, fl., L.G. Lohmann 794 (SPF). Rondônia: Porto Velho, 11 Sept 1963, fl., B. Maguire 56679 (MO); Ibid., Guaporé, 1 June 1952, fl., G.A. Black 52-14674 (IAN); Ibid., Rio Madeira, Aug 1936, fl., A. Ducke 35624 (MO, RB, US); Ibid., Aug 1936, fl., A. Sucre s.n. (RB); Rio Cuieras, 2 km below mouth of Rio Brancinho, 11 Sept 1973, fl., G.T. Prance 17773 (INPA, MO, NY). Ibid., Sub-base do Projeto RADAM, aeroporto internacional local, 3 Sept 1975, fl., C.D.A. Mota 18 (INPA); Ibid., Sub-base do Projeto RADAM, aeroporto internacional local, 3 Sept 1975, fr., C.D.A. Mota 26 (INPA); s.loc., 1 Jan 1972, fr., B. Maguire s.n. (INPA).

Figures

Figure 1. Schematic diagram summarising phylogenetic relationships within Pachyptera, with morphological characters mapped on the diagram. Names of the terminal taxa indicate the taxon in which these species were previously included. The taxonomic updates proposed here are also indicated. Relationships depicted follow Francisco and Lohmann (submitted).

Figure 2. Sample of morphological features of Pachyptera. A-D Pachyptera aromatica: A Inflorescence B Frontal view of flowers C Detail of inflorescence and flowers, showing calyx partition D Interpetiolar region of stem with extra floral nectaries (EFNs) and prophylls of the axillary buds 3 - seriated, triangular and minute E-F P. erythraea: E Inflorescence F Frontal view of flowers G-L P. incarnata: G Stem with tendril surrounding a tree H Interpetiolar region of stem with EFNs and prophylls of the axillary buds flattened, ensiform and seriated I Inflorescence J Frontal view of flower K Pink patelliform glands on flower lobes L Detail of calyx M-Q P. kerere: M Stem cross-section with four phloem wedges N Inflorescence O Frontal view of flower P White patelliform glands on flower lobes Q Detail of calyx.

Figure 5. Pachyptera aromatica: A Flowering branch B Interpetiolar region with extra-floral nectaries (EFNs) and prophylls of the axillary buds 3 - seriated, triangular and minute C Trifid tentril D Open calyx (external view) E Open flower showing the androecium F Upper portion of stamen showing glabrous filament, glabrous anther and acute connective G Gynoecium H Detail of ovary surface showing pubescent indument (L. H. Fonseca 327, SPF) I Fruit linear and flattened J Seeds wings (T. B. Croat 11085, MO).

Figure 6. Distribution of Pachyptera aromatica.