Proceratophrys dibernardoi, Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Vaz-Silva, Wilian & Campos, Leandro Ambrósio, 2013

Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Vaz-Silva, Wilian & Campos, Leandro Ambrósio, 2013, Three new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro 1920 from Brazilian Cerrado (Anura, Odontophrynidae), Zootaxa 3750 (4), pp. 321-347 : 340-344

Proceratophrys dibernardoi sp. nov.

( Figures 17–18 )

Proceratophrys sp.—Vaz-Silva et al. 2007.

Holotype. CHUNB 28131, adult male, collected at the Municipality of Mineiros (17o37’09”S, 52o30’59”W; 715m a.s.l; WGS84 datum), State of Goiás, Brazil, on 0 1 April 2002, by P.H. Valdujo.

Paratypes. CHUNB 28132 (male), 28133–28134 (females), collected with the holotype; CHUNB 50305 (male), collected at the Municipality of Rio Verde (17°48’29”S; 51°22’26”; 855 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), State of Goiás, no date, by D.A. Velho; CHUNB 65844 (male), collected at the Municipality of Alto Araguaia (17°02’30”S; 53°07’17”W; 520 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), State of Mato Grosso, on 23 March 2000, by A.F.B. Araújo and R.A. Brandão; CHUNB 69222 (female), collected at the Municipality of Aporé (18º39’48”S; 51º52’17”W; 600 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), State of Goiás, on 16 April 2003, by W. Vaz-Silva and P.V.C. Mathias; CHUNB 69220 (female), collected at the Municipality of Alto Taquari (17°41’51”S; 53°27’45”W; 725 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), State of Mato Grosso, no date, by P.H. Valdujo; CHUNB 69219, 69221 (males), collected at the Parque Estadual da Serra Azul (approx. 15°51’24”S; 52°15’20”W, 520 m a.s.l.), Municipality of Barra do Garça, State of Mato Grosso, no date, by P.H. Valdujo.

Diagnosis. A Proceratophrys species belonging to the P. cristiceps group. The species is characterized by: (1) small to medium size (28.4–34.6 mm SVL in males; 39.7–43.6 mm SVL in females, Table 1 ); (2) anterior and posterior tubercles on external margin of upper eyelids conical, slightly fused; (3) medial eyelid tubercle covering 4/5 of eyelid margin, with small points; (4) snout rounded from above, vertical in profile; (4) ocular-dorsal ridge of warts poorly defined, discontinuous close to sacral region; (6) ocular-dorsal ridge of warts touching the eyelid in its posterior end (7) tympanic region indistinct; (8) dorsal background grayish, small scattered ocelli on dorsal surface; a marked “X” like pattern formed by two light gray stripes that borders the inner edge of the ocular-dorsal ridge; (9) presence of spots on anterior and posterior regions of eyes; (10) dorsal granules round, regular in size; (11) eyelid formula L 0–2, 4/5, 1–2; R 0–2, 4/5, 1–2; (11) forearm tubercles formula L I(4–9), II(0–4); R I(4–7), II(0–5).

Comparison with other species. Proceratophrys dibernardoi sp. nov. shows anterior and posterior tubercles on upper eyelid border not fused and round to conical, with small points (fused and showing with small points in P. goyana , P. strussmannae , P. carranca , P. branti , and P. concavitympanum ; pointed but not fused in P. cururu ; slightly fused, without appendage in P. huntingtoni , P. vielliardi , and P. moratoi ; conical and pointed in P. bagnoi ); medial eyelid tubercle without ocular appendages (with short ocular appendages in P. goyana , P. cururu , P. strussmannae , P. caramaschii , P. cristiceps , P. a r i d u s, and P. concavitympanum ; long and without appendage in P. huntingtoni , P. vielliardi , P. moratoi , and P. branti ; with an elongated and pointed appendage in P. bagnoi ; with several cusps in P. minuta ); by presenting an interrupted ocular-dorsal ridge of warts (continuous in P. goyana , P. strussmannae , and P. bagnoi ; absent in P. moratoi and P. vielliardi ); by showing vertical snout profile (obtuse in P. aridus , P. caramaschii , P. carranca , P. cristiceps , P. cururu , P. moratoi , P. vielliardi , and P. huntingtoni ); head round in dorsal view (triangular in dorsal view in P. aridus ); males SVL 28.8–34.6 mm (males SVL from 39.5–56.3 mm in P. cristiceps , P. caramaschii , P. concavitympanum , and P. strussmannae ); females SVL 39.7–43.6 mm (female SVL 43.7–65 mm in P. bagnoi , P. caramaschii , P. concavitympanum , and P. strussmannae ); dorsum with small rounded spots (absent in P. aridus , P. cristiceps , P. minuta , P. goyana , and P. concavitympanum ); presence of irregular white stripes on the internal edge of the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts, forming a “X” shaped pattern (present in P. moratoi ; incomplete in P. branti and P. carranca ); dorsal rows of tubercles interrupted in sacral region (continuous to the coccyx in most individuals of P. caramaschii , P. aridus , P. minuta , P. bagnoi , and P. goyana ); absence of light interocular stripe (present in P. branti and P. carranca ) and of a white spot on the anterior and posterior margins of eyes (present in P. branti , P. carranca , and P. c u r u r u); ocular-dorsal ridge touching the eyelid on its posterior margin (ODR touching eyelid on its posterior third in most species; touching the medial portion of eyelid in P. bagnoi ).

Description of holotype. Body small, robust ( Figures 17 , 18 A, 18 B). Head 1.6 times wider than high, 1.1 times wider than longer; head length 0.45 times body length, head width 0.48 times total length; snout short, round in dorsal and ventral views ( Figures 18 A, 18 B), vertical in profile ( Figure 18 C); nostrils directed dorsolaterally; nostrils aperture circular; internarial distance smaller than eye to nostril distance (54%), and 0.13 times the head width; eyes large, located anterolaterally ( Figure 18 C), eye diameter 0.27 times head length; upper eyelids well developed covering eyes in dorsal view; tubercles of the eyelid external margin not protuberant; eyelid formula L 1, 4/5, 1; R 0, 4/5, 2; loreal region gently sloping, showing two protuberant tubercles; canthus rostralis distinct; canthal crest present, evident, from eye to nostril; interocular region concave; granules on the interocular ridge region not organized on a row; vomerine teeth in two small patches, transverse, well-separated, located behind the choanae; choanae widely separated; tongue large, cordiform; tympanum hidden, tympanic region indistinct; a clear spot between upper eyelids; skin on dorsum granular, warty, ornamented with tubercle ridges of variable arrangement and size; dorsal surface of arms and legs presenting tubercles with minute keratinous spines; distinct longitudinal ocular-dorsal ridge of warts, discontinuous on the sacral region. One row of tubercles on forearms.

Forearm tubercles formula L I(6), R I(7). Skin on venter granulated with small, homogeneous tubercles. Fingers without webbing ( Figure 18 D); tips of fingers not dilated or darkened; relative lengths of fingers IV>II>V>III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; palmar tubercles small, distinct; spiculae present between palmar tubercles; inner carpal tubercle oval, unique; outer carpal tubercles elongated, similar in size, separated by a deep groove. Toes slightly webbed ( Figure 18 E), tips not expanded, dorsally with small granules with keratinous spines; webbing formula I 1 – 1 II 2 – 1 1/2 III 2 – 1 ½ IV 1 – 2 V; subarticular tubercles small, distinct, rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle enlarged, elliptical, projecting, with length 0.16 times foot length; outer metatarsal tubercle very small, rounded; discrete row of tubercles extending from inner metatarsal tubercle to half of the tarsus.

Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 28.8, HW 12.7, HH 7.8, HL 11.2, ED 3.3, END 3.4, IOD 5.7, FAL 6.0, HAL 8.5, THL 11.4, SHL 11.0, TAL 4.5, FOL 12.1.

Color in life. Dorsal coloration ranging from tan to gray. Dark gray spots on dorsum. Plantar and palmar tubercles white. Ventral region strawy, without spots.

Color in preservative. Dorsal background light gray, with brownish or dark gray blotches.

Variation. Variation in measurements is presented in Table 1 . The specimens of the type series are variable in the dorsal pattern coloration ( Figure 19 ). The specimen CHUNB 28132 shows small spots on dorsum. The flanks show large tubercles in females and small tubercles in males. Little variation was observed in the dorsal pattern with “X” shape. About half of the available specimens presented the ocular-dorsal ridge interrupted at the presacral constriction.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in the genitive case in honor of Dr. Marcos Di Bernardo (in memoriam), for his friendship and extensive contributions for the knowledge of the Brazilian herpetofauna.

Natural History. Proceratophrys dibernardoi was always found in open areas covered by Cerrado and “ veredas ” (sensu Ribeiro and Walter 1998), with small streams, where probably the tadpoles develop.

Geographical distribution. Proceratophrys dibernardoi is known in the municipalities of Mineiros, Jataí, Rio Verde, and Aporé in southwestern State of Goiás, and in the municipalities of Alto Taquari, Alto Araguaia, and Barra do Garças, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil ( Figure 12 ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Dorsal view of individuals from series type of Proceratophrys bagnoi. Females on upper row and males on inferior row.

FIGURE 17. Unvouchered male of Proceratophrys dibernardoi sp. nov. from the Municipality of Aporé, State of Goiás, Brazil. Photo: Sheila Andrade.

FIGURE 18. Holotype of Proceratophrys dibernardoi sp. nov. (CHUNB 28131) from Municipality of Mineiros, State of Goiás, Brazil. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) head profile; D) palmar view; E) plantar view. Bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 19. Dorsal view of individuals from series type of Proceratophrys dibernardoi. Females on upper row and males on inferior row.