Proceratophrys bagnoi, Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Vaz-Silva, Wilian & Campos, Leandro Ambrósio, 2013

Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Vaz-Silva, Wilian & Campos, Leandro Ambrósio, 2013, Three new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro 1920 from Brazilian Cerrado (Anura, Odontophrynidae), Zootaxa 3750 (4), pp. 321-347 : 330-335

Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov.

( Figs. 9–11 )

Proceratophrys cf. cristiceps —Oda et al. 2009.

Holotype. CHUNB 35803, adult male, collected at the UHE Serra da Mesa power plant (13°49’47.5”S; 48°19’17”W; 550 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), Municipality of Minaçu, State of Goiás, Brazil, on 20 November 1999, by R.A. Brandão.

Paratypes. CHUNB 35801, 35804 (adult females), 35802 (adult male), collected with the holotype; CHUNB 69223 (adult male), 69224, 69225 (adult females), collected at “ Mata do Alex”, Serra da Mesa region (13°45’03.5”S; 48°18’08”W, 845m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), Municipality of Minaçu, State of Goiás, Brazil, in September 1998, by A.F.B. Araújo.

Diagnosis. A Proceratophrys species belonging to the P. cristiceps group. Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. is characterized by: (1) small to medium size (31.4–47.2 mm SVL in males; 43.7–58.9 mm SVL in females; Table 1 ); (2) a pointed eyelid tubercle, forming an small flesh point ( Figure 9 ); (3) snout rounded from above, vertical in profile; (4) continuous ocular-dorsal ridge of warts; (5) tympanic region slightly concave; (6) presence of dark gray spots on the outer margin of the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts, forming a characteristic pattern; (7) ocular-dorsal row from the medial portion of the eyelid; (8) absence of spicule on the palmar surface; (9) eyelid tubercles formulae L 0-2, 3/5 -4/5, 1-6; R 1-3, 2/5-4/5, 2-4; (10) forearm tubercles formulae L I(4-9), II (3-6); R I (5-8), II (3-6).

Comparison with other species. Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. differs from other species in the P. cristiceps group by having conical and pointed, not fused, anterior and posterior tubercles on the border of the upper eyelid (anterior and posterior tubercles rounded and not pointed in P. cristiceps , P. minuta , P. moratoi , P. strussmannae , and P. vielliardi ; pointed but not fused in P. cururu ; fused with short points in P. goyana ; slightly fused but without appendages in P. huntingtoni ); by having an elongated, fused tubercle at medial portion, showing a conspicuous flesh extremity (not present in P. carranca , P. cururu , P. huntingtoni , P. moratoi , P. rotundipalpebra , and P. vielliardi ; present but smaller in P. caramaschii , P. cristiceps , P. goyana , and P. aridus ); by continuous longitudinal ridge of warts from the medial portion of the eyelid to the coccyx (interrupted in the supra-sacral region or in the pre-sacral constriction in P. carranca , P. cristiceps , P. cururu , P. huntingtoni , P. concavitympanum , and P. rotundipalpebra ; absent in P. moratoi and P. vielliardi ); by the vertical snout in profile (obtuse in P. aridus , P. caramaschii , P. carranca , P. cristiceps , P. cururu , P. huntingtoni , P. moratoi , P. vielliardi , and P. strussmannae ); by having SVL ranging from 31.4–47.2 mm in males and from 43.7–58.9 mm in females (SVL in males of P. moratoi , P. minuta , and P. redacta ranging from 19.2–30 mm; females SVL ranging from 25.9–34.9 mm), and by having the snout round in dorsal view (snout triangular in dorsal view in P. aridus ). Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. occurs sintopically with the morphologically similar P. goyana at Serra da Mesa and Niquelândia, but can be distinguished by having palpebral formula (L 0–3, 4/5, 1–4; R 0–3, 4/5, 1– 4 in P. goyana ), by the absence of spicule on the palmar surface (spicule present on P. goyana ), by having the ODR touching the eyelid margin on its medial portion (touching in the posterior third in P. goyana ), and by prolonged medial eyelid extremity.

Description of holotype. Adult male; general aspect robust ( Figures 10 , 11 A, and 11 B); head 1.7 times wider than high, 1.3 times wider than long; snout round in dorsal view, vertical in profile ( Figure 11 C); nares simple, elongated, dorsal, small; upper eyelid tubercles short along all eyelid margin, with one or more pointed; medial tubercle with developed, sharply and flesh pointed, occupying about 3/5 of the eyelid border ( Figure 9 ); eyelid tubercles formula L 2, 3/5, 6; R 3, 3/5, 2; longitudinal ocular-dorsal ridge of warts complete, without gaps or interruptions; canthal crest present, evident, from the eyelid border to the anterior margin of nares, without granules; interocular region concave, without granules, except for few ones anterior to the interocular ridge of warts; canthus rostralis evident, slightly concave; tympanic region slightly concave; inferior border of eyes without granules; maxillae margin poorly barred, virtually unbarred in ventral view ( Fig. 11 B); tongue cordiform covered by small round papillae, with two discrete grooves close to the basis; choanae round, evident; two vomerine teeth patches, close to choanae; vocal slit just behind the tongue basis, and covered by a thin membrane; ostium of Eustaquian tube elliptic, placed on the palate sides, posteriorly to the eye globes, close to the oral corners; forelimbs short, robust; fingers free, without vestiges of web; relative fingers size IV>II>III>V ( Fig. 11 D); subarticular tubercles on phalange 2 in fingers IV and V; fingers tips not blackened, with discrete fringe; palmar surface with conical tubercles not spiculated; absence of spicules in the space between palmar tubercles; inner metacarpal tubercle large, round; outer metacarpal tubercles elongated, widely fused at median portion; two series of tubercles on forearms; conical tip of the forearm tubercles without spicules; forearm tubercles formula L I 6, II 4; R I 5, II 3; hindlimbs small; foot web formula I 1 – 1 II 2 1/2 – 1 III 2 – 2 1/2 IV 2 – 2 V; interdigital web paler than plantar surface; relative toes size IV>III>V>II>I ( Fig. 11 E); subarticular and plantar tubercles without spicules; spicule present in the space between plantar tubercles; subarticular tubercles present at the base of all toes; subarticular tubercles in phalange 2 of toes III, IV, and V; subarticular tubercles in phalange 3 of toe IV; toes tips cream light, with discrete fringe; inner metatarsal tubercle developed, keratinized, similar to a shovel; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; ocular-dorsal ridge of warts complete, presenting constrictions close to the presacral and urostyle regions, forming a spear-like drawn posteriorly oriented; dorsal region delimited by the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts tan; rest of the body with ochre background; warts of the ocular-dorsal ridge very close and more elongated than other granules on the body; tubercles at dorsal surface densely covered by diminute spicules; some large conical tubercles on the lateral side of the body, forming discrete rows antero-posteriorly oriented; flanks and dorsal surface of limbs covered by small, irregular spiculated granules; ventral region covered by small, regular spiculated granules; small dark gray spots on ventral region, darker on belly than on gular region, forming a vermiculate pattern; right foot deformed; an evident row of granules from the base of toe I to the median portion of the shank; presence of one large tubercle on the oral corner, lighter than others; very large hands.

Measurements of holotype (mm). SVL 41.2; HW 20.2; HH 12.1; HL 15.2; ED 5.2; EMD 4.3; IOD 8.5; FAL 10.3; HAL 13.6; THL 19.3; SHL 16.8; TAL 7.4; FOL 20.5.

Color in life. Dorsal background gray, with some brownish regions in flanks; dorsal area delimited by the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts light brown, without spots or blotches; dark gray spots beginning on the outer margin of the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts. Venter light cream, with grayish vermiculations.

Color in preservative. Dorsal background light brown; dorsal spots and bars on limbs brown; dorsal area delimited by the ocular-dorsal ridge of warts cream; venter light cream with faded vermiculations.

Variation. Females are larger than males ( Table 1 ); some individuals have the region delimited by the oculardorsal ridge of warts grayish, but only one female presented blotches. The tympanic region is concave in all individuals observed. About 80% of all individuals have small gaps at the medial portion of the IOR. Most of individuals (70%) show pale and isolated blotches at the venter, the ventral surface is immaculate in 10% of the specimens, and 20% present pale and anastomosed small spots. The ODR is continuous in all individuals analyzed. Most individuals were collected using pitfall traps and some individuals died in the traps. Due to this, some individuals in the type series became darkened and some characteristics were not so evident at a first glance.

Etymology. The specific name is a homage to Marcelo Araújo Bagno , an amazing ornithologist and great friend untimely deceased in a boat accident in the Caiapó River, State of Goiás, during a field work, on 11 January 2001.

Natural history notes. Males were found calling in campo sujo and campo limpo physiognomies (sensu Ribeiro and Walter 1998), close to gallery forests. One individual was found calling in a rivulet placed on a valley forest. Most individuals were captured in pitfall traps, including an amplectant pair. The traps were placed close to a stream, where probably occurs the egg laying and larval development, suggesting that couples are formed in open areas, moving posteriorly to streams. This species seems to be uncommon, since only one specimen was found in a sample of 829 individuals by Oda et al. (2009) and in a sample of 388 individuals by Brandão and Araujo (2008).

Geographic distribution. Proceratophrys bagnoi is known from the municipalities of Minaçu and Niquelândia (Oda et al. 2009), State of Goiás, Brazil ( Figure 13 ).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Detail of the eyelid ornamentation of Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov., showing warts belonging to the dorsal-ocular ridge of warts and tubercles of the upper eyelid. Note the development of the medial eyelid appendage.

FIGURE 10. Unvouchered adult male of Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. from Serra da Mesa, Municipality of Minaçu, State of Goiás, Brazil. Photo: Antonio Sebben.

FIGURE 11. Holotype of Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. (CHUNB 35803) from Serra da Mesa, State of Goiás, Brazil. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) head profile; D) palmar view; E) plantar view. Bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 13. A) Distribution of Proceratophrys goyana (circle) and Proceratophrys branti sp. nov. (square), showing their type localities (dot center circle and dot center square, respectively); B) Distribution of Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov. (square) and Proceratophrys dibernardoi sp. nov. (circle), showing their type localities (dot center square and dot center circle, respectively). The area selected in the inset map corresponds to the magnified region in each map. Abbreviations for Brazilian states are Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO), Maranhão (MA), Minas Gerais (MG), Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Piauí (PI), Tocantins (TO), and Distrito Federal (DF).