Oxyopes sertatus Koch, 1878

Lo, Ying-Yuan, Cheng, Ren-Chung & Lin, Chung-Ping, 2021, Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of Oxyopes (Araneae: Oxyopidae) of Taiwan, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4927 (1), pp. 58-86 : 73-75

Oxyopes sertatus Koch, 1878

Figs 7 , 12

Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch, 1878b: 779 (holotype: Immature female from Japan, possibly deposited in the Natural History Mu-seum, London [ Sherriffs 1955: 304], not examined); B̂senberg & Strand 1906: 327, pl. 8, fig. 117, pl. 15, fig. 435; Lee 1964: 63, fig. 23(a–c); Hu 1984: 271, fig. 287; Xie & Kim 1996: 36, figs 15–16; Ono & Ban 2009: 249, figs 1–5; Yin et al. 2012: 917, fig. 464.

Argiope aequior Chamberlin 1924: 16 , pl. 4, fig. 33.

Diagnosis. Oxyopes sertatus is similar to O. sertatoides Xie & Kim, 1996 in genital morphology. However, it can be distinguished from the latter species by the following characters: (1) the dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp is longitudinal and ridge-shaped, without a triangular black outgrowth (with a triangular outgrowth in O. sertatoides ); (2) the copulatory duct is question mark-shaped, without distally transversal twist (curved and with distally transversal twist in O. sertatoides ).

Material examined. CHINA: 1 female (TESRI Ar 2764), 29 May 2018, Hua Zeng leg. , Hainan Island. TAI-WAN : 1 female (TESRI Ar 0890) and 2 males (TESRI Ar 0891–0892), 27 Jun. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Dakeng, Taichung City (24°10′26.3′′N, 120°46′54.9′′E, 430 m elevation) ; 6 females (TESRI Ar 1523–1528) and 3 males (TESRI Ar 1520–1522), 09 Apr. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Wushikeng Experimental Station, Taichung City (24°16′27.5′′N, 120°56′53.8′′E, 990 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 1336), 27 Jun. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Tai-pei Zoo, Taipei City (24°59′36.6′′N, 121°34′51.9′′E, 70 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI YMS049–YMS050) and 1 male (TESRI YMS038), 30 Jun. 2017, Li-Jing Huang leg., Pamier Park, Taipei City (25°07′20.4′′N, 121°35′37.0′′E; 350 m elevation) ; 2 males (TESRI Ar 1287–1288), 30 Mar. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Jinlun Forest Road, Taitung County (22°31′57.7′′N, 120°56′33.0′′E; 70 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 1293/1295) and 2 males (TESRI Ar 1291–1292), 31 May 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Juzishan , Taitung County (23°06′23.1′′N, 121°21′36.4′′E, 135 m elevation) ; 4 females (TESRI Ar 1358/1361–1363) and 2 males (TESRI Ar 1359–1360), 20 Jul. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo Leg. , Shikong Historical Trail , Yilan County (24°52′56.5′′N, 121°50′37.8′′E; 20 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 2442), 08 Jun. 2017, Chung-Sheng Huang leg. , Paoma Historical Trail , Yilan County (24°50′26.7′′N, 121°46′20.4′′E, 250 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 1325–1326) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 1324), 15 May 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Daduhua , Hualian County (23°33′16.1′′N, 121°24′11.1′′E; 210 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 1906–1907) and 2 males (TESRI Ar 1904–1905), 31 Aug. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Tongmen Bridge , Hualian County (23°57′52.6′′N, 121°29′56.8′′E, 170 m elevation) ; 2 males (TESRI Ar 1689–1690), 30 Mar. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 2 females (TESRI Ar 2270/2305), 27 Mar. 2017, Chung-Sheng Huang leg. , Jiufenershan , Nantou County (23°57′37.9′′N, 120°50′59.2′′E; 730 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0911), 10 Apr. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Taomikeng , Nantou County (23°56′33.0′′N, 120°56′01.2′′E, 465 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI CX015), 11 May 2018, Ying-Yuan Lo leg., Zhongliao , Nantou County (23°51′59.3′′N, 120°46′59.3′′E, 200 m elevation) ; 3 females (TESRI Ar 1531–1533) and 2 males (TESRI Ar 1529–1530), 17 Apr. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 1 male (TESRI Ar 1774), 29 Apr. 2016, Hui-Ling Chen leg. , Jiji , Nantou County (23°49′38.9′′N, 120°48′04.0′′E; 250 m eleva- tion) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 1692), 27 Jan. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. (matured in 08 Mar. 2016) , Fenghuanggu Bird and Ecological Park , Nantou County (23°43′45.7′′N, 120°47′30.2′′E, 790 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0440), 01 Jun. 2013, Jia-Wen Ke leg. , Lianhuachi , Nantou County (23°55′06.4′′N, 120°53′04.3′′E, 685 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 0516), 24 Apr. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Shitoushan , Miaoli County (24°38′03.1′′N, 121°01′02.4′′E, 190 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 0486/0527), 25 Apr. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Mingfeng Historical Trail , Miaoli County (24°32′38.8′′N, 120°55′09.4′′E, 215 m elevation) ; 6 females (TESRI Ar 0344–0347, 0521–0522) and 3 males (TESRI Ar 0339–0341), 18 Apr. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Sanmin, Taoyuan City (24°50′16.9′′N, 121°20′35.6′′E, 335 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0326), 17 Apr. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Bade Pond Ecology Park, Taoyuan City (24°56′34.1′′N, 121°18′41.4′′E, 130 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI C02121–C02122) and 3 males (TESRI C02123/C02140/C02150, CS061), 10–14 Jun. 2016, Guo-Yuan Wu leg. , Shoushan National Nature Park, Kaohsiung City , (22°39′19.1′′N, 120°16′09.0′′E, 75 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 0321), 03 Sep. 2013, Jia-Wen Ke leg. , Niaosong Wetland Park, Kaohsiung City (22°39′07.8′′N, 120°21′04.0′′E, 15 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0790) and 7 males (TESRI Ar 0763–0764/0777–0778/0803–0805), 22–23 Apr. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 1 female (TESRI Ar 0894), 25 Jun. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Qipan Village , Yunlin County (23°40′49.9′′N, 120°36′49.4′′E; 140 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 2749), 30 Aug. 2016, Han-Po Chang leg. , Niugangleng Hiking Trail, New Taipei City (25°07′56.6′′N, 121°24′58.5′′E, 335 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI A05050) and 1 male (TESRI A05009 ), 29 Aug. 2015, Da-Ching Chang leg. , Changxing Road, New Taipei City (24°56′23.4′′N, 121°33′15.1′′E, 130 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0473), 01 Aug. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Daqidong Trail , Hsinchu County (24°41′56.3′′N, 121°08′24.5′′E, 445 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI B02010–B02011) and 1 male (TESRI B02006), 12 Aug. 2015, De-Lun Wu leg. , Lantan Trail, Chiayi City (23°28′36.9′′N, 120°29′42.8′′E, 100 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI B03002), 21 Aug. 2015, Chen-Yao Lin leg. , Chukou Nature Center , Jiayi County (23°27′11.3′′N, 120°33′34.4′′E; 193 m elevation) .

Description. Female (Ar0440). Total length 8.6; carapace length 3.4, width 2.6; abdomen length 5.2, width 2.8. Carapace yellowish-green, pear-shaped, with two brown central lines from PME extending to posterior margin, pair of broader, dark, mottled bands on submargin. Fovea longitudinal. Clypeus high, with two black stripes from AME margin to front of each chelicera. Eye diameters and inter-distances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.24, PME 0.22, PLE 0.22, eye sizes ALE> PME = PLE> AME; MOA-L 1.08, MOA-AW 0.42, MOA-PW 0.74; AME-I 0.22, PME-I 0.34, AML-I 0.08, PML-I 0.36; clypeus height 0.75. Chelicerae downward with two promarginal teeth, first larger than second, one retromarginal tooth. Endite and labium longer than wide. Sternum yellowish with several hairs. Abdomen fusiform, with distinct ivory, broad, longitudinal central band. Cardiac mark on central band with brown margin. Lateral region black-brown with three slant, ivory stripes connecting with central band. In ventral view, broad dark longitudinal band extending from epigastric furrow to spinnerets. Legs clothed with many conspicuous long spines, with deep black stripe on ventral femur I–III. Proximal margin of coxae black. Two claws. Pedipalps bear apical claw. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 3.5 (1.0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.2), leg I 13.3 (3.7, 1.1, 3.5, 3.6, 1.4), leg II 12.3 (3.5, 1.1, 3.2, 3.3, 1.2), leg III 10.3 (3.1, 1.0, 2.4, 2.9, 0.9), leg IV 12.0 (3.5, 1.0, 2.8, 3.6, 1.1). Leg formula: I> II ≒ IV> III. Epigyne sclerotized on posterior edge with incrassate lateral side. Pair of spermatheca noticeable through exoskeleton in ventral view. Copulatory ducts thick, curved, question mark-shaped with rounded spermathecae on apical side. Fertilization ducts slender with hooked extremity.

Male (TESRI CS061). Body shape and coloration similar to that of female, but markings more variegated and abdomen thinner. Total length 5.8; carapace length 2.8, width 2.2; abdomen length 3.0, width 1.3. Eye diameters and inter-distances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.22, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18, eye sizes ALE> PME = PLE> AME; MOA-L 0.84, MOA-AW 0.34, MOA-PW 0.56; AME-I 0.16, PME-I 0.24, AML-I 0.06, PML-I 0.26; clypeus height 0.50. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 3.4 (1.0, 0.4, 0.5, 1.5), leg I 12.4 (3.1, 0.9, 3.2, 3.6, 1.6), leg II 11.4 (3.0, 0.9, 3.0, 3.3, 1.2), leg III 9.1 (2.5, 0.8, 2.1, 2.8, 0.9), leg IV 10.8 (2.9, 0.9, 2.5, 3.5, 1.0). Leg formula: I> II> IV> III. Palp tibia with two retrolateral, separate apophyses: dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis longitudinal, ridge shaped with several transversal notches; ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis protrudes ventrally with triangular terminal pointing lateral-anteriorly.

Size Variation. Three female and four male specimens were measured to quantify the morphological variation. Values are mean ± SD of females (with males in parentheses). Total length 7.8 ± 0.8 (6.5 ± 0.5); cephalothorax length 3.3 ± 0.1 (3.1 ± 0.2), width 2.4 ± 0.2 (2.5 ± 0.3); abdomen length 4.4 ± 0.7 (3.4 ± 0.3), width 2.4 ± 0.4 (1.6 ± 0.2). Diameters of AME 0.12 ± 0.00 (0.11 ± 0.01), ALE 0.25 ± 0.01 (0.23 ± 0.01), PME 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.19 ± 0.01), PLE 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.19 ± 0.01). MOA-L 1.03 ± 0.04 (0.90 ± 0.04), MOA-AW 0.41 ± 0.01 (0.38 ± 0.03), MOA-PW 0.71 ± 0.03 (0.61 ± 0.04); AME-I 0.19 ± 0.03 (0.18 ± 0.01), PME-I 0.31 ± 0.03 (0.26 ± 0.02), AML-I 0.08 ± 0.00 (0.07 ± 0.01), PML-I 0.34 ± 0.03 (0.31 ± 0.03). Clypeus height 0.71 ± 0.04 (0.60 ± 0.08). Pedipalp 3.3 ± 0.2 (3.6 ± 0.2), leg I 12.9 ± 0.4 (13.6 ± 1.6), leg II 11.9 ± 0.3 (12.3 ± 1.3), leg III 9.9 ± 0.4 (10.1 ± 1.1), leg IV 11.7 ± 0.3 (11.5 ± 1.0).

Distribution. Japan, Korea, China ( Hu 1984; Ono & Ban 2009; Kim & Lee 2017), and Taiwan.

Remark. Oxyopes sertatus was first described based on an immature female ( Koch 1878b), then the male and female were described by B̂senberg & Strand (1906) from Japan. However, the illustrations and descriptions from both were not sufficient for proper species identification, and we did not examine the type specimen because of the uncertainty regarding its depository institution. In spite of these restrictions, the following studies are helpful to con-firm that specimens from Taiwan belong to O. sertatus ( Chamberlin 1924; Yaginuma 1960; Lee 1964; Paik 1969; Hu 1980). O. sertatus was first recorded from Taiwan by Saito (1933). Later, Lee (1964) provided a more detailed description and presented an illustration of the genitals. It mainly inhabits herbaceous vegetation, bush fallows, and grasslands by the edges of forests or open fields. In Taiwan, this species can be found in parks, paddy fields, tea farms, and orchards.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch, 1878. (a–b) Epigyne (TESRI Ar0440): (a) ventral; (b) dorsal. (c–e) Palp (TESRI CS- 061): (c) prolateral; (d) ventral; (e) retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Habitus of Oxyopes macilentus L. Koch, 1878, O sertatus L. Koch, 1878, and O. striagatus Song, 1991. (a) O. macilentus, female; (b) O. macilentus, male; (c) O. sertatus, female; (d) O. sertatus, male; and (e) O. striagatus, female.