Orthotylus kakan, Forero, 2009

Forero, Dimitri, 2009, Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini), American Museum Novitates 3642, pp. 1-50 : 36-38

Orthotylus kakan , sp. nov.

Figures 2 , 14C, G , 15C, G, K , 16C , 18

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the right, lateral, anterior process of the genital capsule smaller than the posterior process (fig. 15K, arrows); apex of left paramere with a broad, anteriorly directed process (fig. 14G); dorsal process of left paramere in medial view with margin strongly concave, with caudal portion at least two times as long as anterior portion (fig. 15G); right paramere with a wide, subapical projection directed medially (fig. 14G); vesica with anterior portion of basalmost rami of right spicule flattened and denticulate at margin, posterior portion flattened anteroposteriorly, expanded and denticulate on apical half (fig. 14C); apex of right spicule rounded, with a posteriorly directed ramus inserted dorsally (fig. 14C); left spicule with longer apical ramus slightly expanded apically and denticulate (fig. 14C); medial margins of first gonapophyses of anterior wall of females weakly sclerotized (fig. 16C); area dorsal to first gonapophyses with a strongly sclerotized medial area (fig. 16C).

Orthotylus kakan is easily distinguished from the other most similar species ( O. chilensis , O. chullan , and O. kikin ) (fig. 2) by the structure of the vesica (fig. 14C) and by the elongate caudal portion of the dorsal process of the left paramere (fig. 15G). Orthotylus kakan is the only species of the four closely related ones (see above) in which the posterior ramus of the basalmost rami is flattened and denticulate apically (fig. 14C). In all of the other species, this ramus is nearly cylindrical and simple (fig. 14A, B, D). The dorsal process of the left paramere is unique among the closely related species in having the posterior portion strongly elevated with respect to the anterior portion (fig. 15G). In O. chilensis and O. kikin the two portions are about the same size (fig. 15E, F), and in O. chullan the margin is straight with the anterior portion bearing a large, denticulate tubercle (fig. 15H). The right paramere of O. kakan (fig. 14G) is similar to that of O. chullan (fig. 14H), but in O. kakan the medially directed, dorsal anterior process, is a simple, spinelike tubercle (fig. 14G, apical view), whereas in O. chullan is globose and tuberculate (fig. 14H, apical view). The genital capsule of O. kakan (fig. 15K) is very similar to that of O. chullan (fig. 15L) in having an enlarged posterior right process, but in O. kakan the anterior process is less pronounced than the posterior process (fig. 15K, arrows), whereas in O. chullan the anterior process is slightly more enlarged than the posterior process (fig. 15L, arrows). Females of O. kakan can be easily distinguished from O. chilensis , O. chullan , and O. kikin , by the slightly sclerotized medial margins of the first gonapophyses and by the heavy medial sclerotization dorsal to the gonapophyses (fig. 16C). In O. chilensis and O. kikin , this dorsal area is uniformly sclerotized (fig. 16A, B), and in O. chullan it is weakly sclerotized (fig. 16D).

DESCRIPTION: MALE: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.92–3.46. COLORATION: Overall coloration dark brown, nearly black, very similar to O. chullan (see above) (fig. 2), except as follows. Head: Mandibular and maxillary plates dark brown; labrum brown; labial segments I–II pale brown, III–IV dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum sometimes with a short, faint, medial longitudinal whitish line; scutellum sometimes with apex faintly whitish. Hemelytron: Cuneus brown, sometimes reddish brown medially. Legs: Coxae dark brown, whitish apically; trochanters whitish; femora pale brown, with brown irregular areas; tibiae pale brown; tarsi dark brown. Abdomen: Dark brown, nearly black. Genitalia: Genital capsule dark brown; proctiger and parameres brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Similar to O. chullan (see above). STRUCTURE: Similar to O. chullan (see above), except as follows. Genitalia: Genital capsule similar to O. chullan (see above), but right anterolateral process smaller than right posterior process (fig. 15K, arrows); cuplike sclerite as in O. chullan (see above); parameres as in O. chullan (fig. 14G), but left paramere with margin of dorsal process in medial view strongly concave, distal portion of dorsal process at least twice as long as proximal portion (fig. 15G); transverse dorsal margin of left paramere not elevate (fig. 14G); apex of left paramere with anteriorly directed process wide (fig. 14G); right paramere with medially directed, anterodorsal process as a spine-like tubercle (fig. 14G); phallotheca as in fig. 15C; vesica with two spicules (fig. 14C); right spicule with basal expanded area quadrangular, connected with conjunctiva, basalmost rami with anterior ramus flattened laterally, denticulate apically, posterior ramus flattened anteroposteriorly, expanded and strongly denticulate on apical half (fig. 14C); apex of right spicule rounded, apical ramus inserted dorsally, directed posteriorly, slightly curved dorsally (fig. 14C); left spicule slightly expanded basally, strongly curved at midpoint, slightly expanded before bifurcation of rami, longer ramus flattened, slightly expanded and strongly denticulate apically (fig. 14C).

FEMALE: Similar in structure and coloration to male; total length 3.05–3.50. COLORATION: As in male (fig. 2), except the following. Head: Paired whitish markings on vertex extending anteriorly on frons, reaching ventral surface of eyes. Thorax: Pronotum usually with longitudinal whitish line, interrupted between calli, sometimes line faded; scutellum usually with longitudinal whitish line, sometimes faded. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: As in male, except the following. Genitalia: Similar to O. chullan (see above), but lobes of medial margins of first gonapophyses not well sclerotized, except ventral left lobe (fig. 16C); area dorsal to medial margins of first gonapophysis with a heavily sclerotized medial portion (fig. 16C).

DISTRIBUTION: Orthotylus kakan is found in the ‘‘Norte Chico’’ region in the northern part of Chile between the rivers Copiapó and Aconcagua, including the regions of Atacama (III) and Coquimbo (IV), roughly between 27 ° and 32 ° S (fig. 18). Orthotylus kakan shares this area of distribution with O. tafoensis .

HOSTS: Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY: The name refers to the extinct Kakán language spoken by the Diaguita people, who inhabited Chile in the semiarid northern region.

DISCUSSION: Specimens of O. kakan have a uniform vesical structure (fig. 14C), whereas the shape of the parameres can be slightly variable, in particular the medial process of the right paramere (fig. 14G), as it occurs also in O. chilensis , O. chullan , and O. kikin (fig. 14E, F, H).

HOLOTYPE ( MALE): CHILE: [Coquimbo – Region IV]: Elqui [Province]: Vicuña , [30.03194 ° S 70.70806 ° W], 17 Oct 1991, L. E. Peña , Holotype Orthotylus kakan n.sp. D. Forero det., 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00185554 ) ( USNM) .

PARATYPES: CHILE: Atacama – Region III : Chañaral: Los Loros , Aceit., 27.83333 ° S 70.1 ° W, 01 Nov 1980, L. E. Peña, 3♀

( AMNH _PBI 00185421– AMNH _PBI 00185423) ( USNM). Coquimbo – Region IV: Choapa Province: Auco , Illapel , 31.48333 ° S 71.1 ° W, 01 Sep 1984, G. Carrasco, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00185403 – AMNH _ PBI 00185405 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00185412 ) ( USNM) . Elqui Province: El Pangue , 30.2 ° S 70.65 ° W, 1900 m, 02 Nov 1980, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00185413 , AMNH _ PBI 00185414 ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00185417 – AMNH _ PBI 00185420 ) ( USNM) . Vicuña , 30.03194 ° S 70.70806 ° W, 17 Oct 1991, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00185545 , AMNH _ PBI 00185548 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00185582 , AMNH _ PBI 00185594 ) ( AMNH) ; 173 ( AMNH _ PBI 00185544 , AMNH _ PBI 00185546 – AMNH _ PBI 00185547 , AMNH _ PBI 00185549 – AMNH _ PBI 00185553 , AMNH _ PBI 00185555 – AMNH _ PBI 00185563 ), 30♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00185564 – AMNH _ PBI 00185581 , AMNH _ PBI 00185583 – AMNH _ PBI 00185593 , AMNH _ PBI 00185595 ) ( USNM) .

Figures

Fig. 2. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, O. tafoensis, and Saileria bella. Specimens of O. kikin (A–C, arrows) show variation on embolium coloration from brown to white.

Fig. 14. Orthotylus spp. Male genitalia. A–D. Vesica. A. The small arrow indicates variation at apex of right spicule; the large arrow points to the anterior portion of basal rami; B. outline drawing shows variation at apex of left spicule. E–H. Right and left parameres, in lateral and apical, and dorsal views respectively. E, F. Variation among right parameres. H. Arrow shows elevated dorsal ridge.

Fig. 15. Orthotylus spp. Male genitalia. A–D. Phallotheca; arrow in D points to dorsal process on right margin. E–H. Dorsal process of left paramere, medial view. I–L. Genital capsule, lateral right view; arrow indicate processes on aperture margin.

Fig. 16. Orthotylus spp. A–D. Female genitalia: anterior wall showing asymmetrical medial margins of first gonapophyses and various degrees of sclerotization, anterior view.

Fig. 18. Distribution map of Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, and O. tafoensis.