Omaliella polonica, Dvořák & Pecharová & Krzemiński & Prokop, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.4202/app.00614.2019 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D1E040D-FFD2-FFC1-4439-B7BDFE21FBBB |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Omaliella polonica |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Omaliella polonica sp. nov.
Fig. 1 View Fig .
ZooBank LCID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0E08357-DADB-42EA-9E91-A75C0A4DE748
Etymology: From Latin Polonia, Poland.
Holotype: MP ISEA I− F/ MP/8 /1676/17 (imprint of forewing).
Type locality: Leszczyny-Czerwionka nearby Knurów, Rybnik, and Gliwice in Upper Silesia; found on the slag heaps that dates back to 19th century ( Gradziński et al. 1982).
Type horizon: Carboniferous, Pensylvannian, Duckmantian (Westphalian B), Coal-bearing Mudstone Series, Orzesze Beds ( Gradziński et al. 1982).
Diagnosis.—Based on fore-wing venation: width of costal area about midwing similar to subcostal area, ScP ending on anterior wing margin two thirds along wing length; RP partially connected with MA1 ending only with a terminal twig, anterior branch of RP distally fused with simple RA; CuA+CuPa extensively developed and posteriorly pectinate with 11 primary branches, basal branch distinctly undulated, CuPb simple.
Measurements.—Wing length 64.5 mm, maximum width 22.3 mm (about the level of division MA and MP).
CuA+CuPa
Description.—Based on fore-wing venation. Nearly complete wing broadest approximately in the middle with originally hyaline membrane and numerous transverse or slightly oblique cross veins; ScA unknown because the basal anterior part of wing is not preserved; proximal part of ScP incomplete due to preservation; ScP reaches anterior wing margin in two thirds along the length of the wing, without discernible anterior branches; space between ScP and costal margin of wing quite narrow, about the same width as space between ScP and RA in the middle of the wing; R strongly convex, division of RA and RP 22 mm from wing base, RA simple, running parallel with ScP, terminally fused with anterior branch of RP very close to anterior wing margin; RP slightly concave and almost simple, partially connected to MA for 1.9 mm, ending with short terminal twig; stem of M shortly behind the wing base connected to CuA for 11.9 mm, stem of M concave divided into MA and MP in about midwing; MA deeply separated into MA1 and MA2 shortly behind the division with MP; MA1 shortly connected to RP; MA1 and MA2 both pectinate ending with 4 main posterior branches; third branch of MA1 secondarily pectinate anteriorly ending with three short branches; MP ending with three main posterior branches, first and third branch with secondary twigs; division of CuA and CuP very close to wing base, CuA+CuPa pectinate with 8 main posterior branches; area between CuPa and CuPb with irregular network of veinlets; CuPb and A1 both simple and closely parallel to one another.
Remarks.—The present fossil can be assigned to the genus Omaliella based on the following combination of diagnostic forewing characters: RP long before it fuses with MA1, RP fused with MA1, CuA+CuPa posteriorly pectinate ending with about main 11 terminal branches. However, the type species of the genus Omaliella is based on the poorly preserved fossil of O. ramosa Béthoux and Nel, 2005 , which does not have even the main apomorphies of the Archaeorthoptera. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the assignment of Omaliella polonica sp. nov. and convincingly support the placement of Omaliella in the Archaeorthoptera.
We can assign Omaliella polonica sp. nov. to Archaeorthoptera sensu Béthoux and Nel, 2002 on the basis of the following apomorphies: basal division of CuP into CuPa and CuPb, fusion of M and CuA and fusion of distal part of CuA with CuPa. We can exclude its placement in clade Cnemidolestodea due to absence of anteriorly pectinate CuA+CuPa and the presence of a well-developed MP independent of CuA+CuPa (Béthoux 2005). Based on the non-differentiated vein CuPa (branches CuPaα and CuPaβ) the attribution to the clade Panorthoptera is also excluded Béthoux and Nel 2002). We can also exclude the placement among lobeattid insects because of the more distal bifurcation of R with respect to the end of AA1 on posterior wing margin and quite wide space between RA and RP ( Béthoux 2008). The apparently non-developed AP area also prompt us to exclude the assignment of O. polonica sp. nov. to Protophasmida neither (Béthoux 2003). Hence, O. polonica sp. nov. cannot be placed in any of the above mentioned higher clades of Archaeorthoptera.
Currently, there is no phylogenetic analysis of Archaeorthoptera that we could simply follow and therefore we avoid creating a new high level taxon. The placement of O. polonica sp. nov. is based on shared characters that could be indicative of the relationships of the closest taxa. Another problem is fragmentary preservation of some previously described taxa of Omaliella , which make it impossible to compare all the potentially important characters. Generally, we focused on the middle part of the forewing, which is usually well preserved in all the mentioned genera. So, we will compare and discuss these all significant characters of these relevant genera.
In the venation of O. polonica sp. nov. there is a prominent connection between RP and MA1 shared by for instance Geraridae (stem group of Panorthoptera ) ( Béthoux and Nel 2003) and some species of lobeattids (Béthoux 2005, 2008; Béthoux et al. 2012). It also resembles the situation in Gerarus Scudder, 1885 , especially Gerarus fisheri (Brongniart, 1885) (MNHN-LP-R.51139), as in both RP and MA1 are partially fused (instead of the much commoner well separated MA), RP, MA, and MP have fewer branches and the region of CuA+CuPa is quite well developed. But Gerarus fisheri displays marked differences in venation as RA branched, connection between RP and MA is present only in some specimens, branching pattern of CuA+CuPa differs and furthermore CuPb with branches. Short fusion of RP and MA1 is also shared with Miamia Dana, 1864 , of which the species M. maimai Béthoux, Gu, Yue, and Ren, 2012 , is assigned to the lobeattids (Béthoux et al. 2012). But in this species there is only a weakly developed CuA+CuPa region and the pattern in the area CuA+M also differs.
Some other lobeattids have fussion of RP and MA instead of RA and MA1. Sinopteron with Sinopteron huangheense Prokop and Ren, 2007 has a posteriorly branched CuA+CuPa vein, and veins RP and MA are shortly connected by a short cross vein ( Prokop and Ren 2007). Chenxiella with Chenxiella liuae shares also posteriorly branched CuA+CuPa vein, but MA is shortly connected to RP ( Liu et al. 2009). However, the latter genus differs from O. polonica sp. nov. by a more basal division of RA and RP and richly branched RP. Longzhua with Longzhua loculata Gu, Béthoux, and Ren, 2011 has a short fusion of RP and MA and well developed CuA+CuPa region ( Gu et al. 2011). On the other hand, R is branched more basally, RP is again richly branched and the forewing is distinctly smaller than that of Omaliella polonica sp. nov.
However, Omaliella polonica sp. nov. shares most traits with the following unassigned genera: Omalia Van Beneden and Coemans, 1867 , Coselia Bolton, 1922, Paleomastax, and Omalliela . The main common difference is the connection of RP with MA instead MA1. Another difference in Omalia macroptera (RBINS a7687) is the non-regular branching pattern of CuA+CuPa. Omalia sp. (specimen MGL 4217) has a CuA+CuPa with a regular pattern of 5–6 main posterior branches. In this specimen we can also see a regular network of veinlets between CuA+CuPa and CuPb, which differs from that in O. polonica sp. nov. in which the irregular network of veinlets and most basal posterior branch of CuA+CuPa undulate. They are unfortunately not preserved in this specimen.
Due to incomplete preservation of the type specimens of Coselia and Paleomastax we do not know if MA is connected to RP. However, the general pattern of wing venation corresponds to that of Omalia and Omaliella polonica sp. nov. The preserved part of the wing of Coselia palmiformes (NHM I.15893) has a different branching pattern of CuA+CuPa and regular network of veinlets between CuA+CuPa. Palaeomastax carbonis Handlirsch, 1904 (RBINS a7700) has a similar pattern of regular posteriorly branching of veins CuA+CuPa, but the number of branches is unknown due to poor preservation.
The venation of Omalliela polonica sp. nov. shares numerous characteristics in the venation with the type species Omalliela ramosa Béthoux and Nel, 2005 known from Westphalian B of Pas-de-Calais Basin in France ( Béthoux and Nel 2005). The vein RP is connected with MA1, area CuA+CuPa broadly developed and posteriorly pectinate with 10 main branches, unlike 11 branches found in O. polonica sp. nov., and simple CuPb. Unfortunately, we do not have any information on the branching patterns of R and M, but MP seems to be only weakly branched, as in O. polonica . Unfortunately, the basal part of forewing in O. ramosa is unknown. But the general course of the main veins in the type species strongly resembles that in O. polonica sp. nov., with the exception of the wider costal area, more basal connection of RP and MA1 and slightly different branching pattern of CuA+CuPa. On the basis of shared characters in their venations and general correspondence, we assign our new species to the genus Omalliela as O. polonica .
Stratigraphic and geographic range.—S Poland: Upper Silesia, Leszczyny-Czerwionka nearby Knurów; Pensylvannian, Duckmantian (Westphalian B).
| MP |
Mohonk Preserve, Inc. |
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