Nolletia gariepina (de Candolle 1836: 324) Mattfeld (1921: 395)

Herman, Paul P. J., 2013, Cypsela morphology in the genus Nolletia (Asteraceae, Astereae) and a revision of the genus, Phytotaxa 122 (1), pp. 1-44 : 10-11

2. Nolletia gariepina (de Candolle 1836: 324) Mattfeld (1921: 395) ; Merxmüller (1967: 120); Gibbs Russell et al. (1984: 125; 1987: 216); Herman (1993: 714; 2003: 261; 2006: 232); Craven (1999: 162); Klopper et al. (2006: 142). Basionym: Nidorella ? gariepina DC. ; Harvey (1865: 91).— Felicia gariepina (DC.) L.Bolus (1914: 72) , nom. illeg.—

Nolletia ligulata Steetz (1864: 404) , nom. illeg. Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: near the Gariep [Orange

River], at Verleptpram, on stony and rocky height, (QDS: 2817AA Vioolsdrift), September 1830, Drège 2803

( holotype G-DC microfiche!, isotypes HBG e!, K e!, MO e!, P!, S e!) .

Scattered to densely leafy, compact dwarf or small shrub up to 0.6 m high. Older branches woody, often reddish, green and herbaceous upwards; sparsely to densely spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular. Leaves alternate, sessile, usually narrowly obovate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, rarely linear-obovate, (3–)4– 15(–22) × (0.8–)1.0–2.5(–3.0) mm (the longer, the broader); apex bluntly acute to obtuse; margin entire; sparsely to densely spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular. Capitula heterogamous, disciform, 8–10 mm in diameter, solitary at ends of branches, pedunculate. Peduncle sparsely to densely spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular. Involucre campanulate. Involucral bracts imbricate, in 3 or 4 rows, green, sometimes tinged purplish, often with yellow or orange oil sacs along midline, persistent and recurved in old inflorescences; outer row narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate to narrowly obovate, 2.0–2.5 × 0.3–1.0 mm, apex acute to acuminate, often with tuft of hairs, margin sometimes membranous, fimbriate, spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular; second row narrowly oblong to narrowly obovate, 2.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm, apex acute to acuminate, often with tuft of hairs, margin sometimes membranous, fimbriate, spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular; third row narrowly obovate, 3–4 × 0.5–0.6 mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin narrowly membranous, fimbriate, spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular in upper third; inner row narrowly obovate, 3–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acuminate, margin membranous, fimbriate, sparsely spreading pubescent and stipitate-glandular in upper third. Receptacle epaleate, foveolate. Outer female florets 25–35, in 1 row, fertile, shortly radiate ( Fig. 3H ); tubular below, tube 1–2 mm long, with glandular hairs; limb shortly 3-lobed, lobes 0.5–1.0 mm long, shorter than or as long as style branches; corolla yellow, sometimes purplish in upper part. Style 2.0– 2.5 mm long, bifurcate; style branches linear-elliptic, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bluntly acute to obtuse; stigmatic areas marginal, confluent at apex; some female florets with style branches similar to those of bisexual florets. Cypsela and pappus as in disc florets. Disc florets 32–62, regular, bisexual, fertile; tubular below, tube 2.5–3.0 mm long, with glandular hairs; 5-lobed, lobes 0.5 mm long, often with dark resinous margins; corolla yellow, sometimes with purplish tinge. Anthers 1.5–2.0 mm long; with narrowly ovate apical appendages; base slightly calcarate, ecaudate; filament collar with thickened cell walls. Style 2.0– 3.5 mm long, bifurcate; style branches 0.5–1.0 mm long, with deltoid-penicillate, apical appendages; stigmatic areas marginal. Cypsela dark brown with whitish, thickened margin, obovoid, laterally flattened, 1.5–2.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm ( Figs. 1A , 2A ); appressed pubescent consisting of twin hairs, equal to subequal in length, apices of twin hairs acute ( Fig. 2C ), rarely slightly broadened; epicarpic cells oblong, arranged in parallel rows. Pappus of caducous, barbellate bristles, 2–3 mm long. Flowering time: throughout the year.

Distribution and habitat: — Namibia and Northern Cape ( Fig. 5 ), usually growing in sand amongst boulders or on rocky slopes. The red list status of this species in South Africa is LC (Least Concern) ( Raimondo et al. 2009).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cypselae of Nolletia species as seen under the stereomicroscope: (A) N. gariepina (Warren 78, PRE); (B) N. tenuifolia (Giess 10863, PRE); (C) N. ciliaris (Jacot Guillarmod 377, PRE); (D) N. jeanettae (Bester 8534, PRE); (E) N. welmaniae (Winter 7649, PRE); (F) N. rarifolia (Van Hoepen 1825, PRE); (G) N. ruderalis (Compton 27385, PRE); (H) N. vanhoepeniae (Koekemoer 3899, PRE); (I) N. zambesica (Maguire 1693, PRE); (J) N. chrysocomoides (Merxmüller & Giess 3579, PRE); (K) N. annetjieae (Van Rooyen 3714, PRE). Photographs by P.P.J. Herman.

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of cypsela features in Nolletia: (A) obovoid cypsela of N. gariepina (Dinter 3577, PRE); (B) oblong epicarpic cells arranged in regular rows and twin hairs on the cypsela of N. tenuifolia (Dinter 7889, PRE); (C) oblong epicarpic cells arranged in regular rows and twin hairs with acute apices on the cypsela of N. gariepina (Zietsman & Zietsman 794, PRE); (D) oblong epicarpic cells arranged in regular rows and twin hairs with broadened apices in cypsela of N. annemarieae (Moss & Jacobsen K180, PRE); (E) obovoid cypsela in the dried state of N. chrysocomoides showing the ‘pocked’ surface (Germishuizen 7763, PRE); (F) circular epicarpic cells each with a twin hair on the cypsela of N. vanhoepeniae in the dried state (De Beer B5, PRE); (G) circular epicarpic cells each with a twin hair, in N. vanhoepeniae in the rehydrated state (De Beer B5, PRE); (H) paired circular to elliptic epicarpic cells with one twin hair between each pair, scattered over the cypsela surface in N. annetjieae in the dried state (Leistner 1581, PRE). Photographs by P.P.J. Herman.

FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of cypsela surfaces of: (A) N. jeanettae illustrating the oblong epicarpic cells arranged in parallel rows after rehydration (Bester 8494, PRE); and (B) N. ruderalis (Vander Schijff 2041, PRE), higher magnification; (C) N. chrysocomoides showing the circular epicarpic cells after rehydration (Wiss 2553, PRE); (D) N. zambesica (Merxmüller 1966, PRE) showing the twin hairs arising from the apical part of the circular epicarpic cells after rehydration; (E) N. annetjieae after rehydration showing the paired circular to elliptic epicarpic cells scattered over the surface, each pair with one twin hair between them (Koekemoer 3901, PRE); (F) N. annetjieae showing the twin hairs arising from two (paired) circular epicarpic cells (Van Rooyen 3714, PRE). Scanning electron micrographs illustrating the different outer female florets of Nolletia species: (G) filiform female floret in N. ciliaris (Koekemoer 1062, PRE); (H) short ray in the outer female floret of N. gariepina (Jensen 208, PRE). Photographs by P.P.J. Herman.

FIGURE 5. Known geographical distribution of N. annemarieae (̝) and N. gariepina (●).