Neomarica mauroi A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral, 2017
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.299.2.4 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0878D-FFFB-FF9F-0989-FDB40C009CB4 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Neomarica mauroi A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Neomarica mauroi A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 A–E View FIGURE 1 , 2 A–G View FIGURE 2 )
Similar to Neomarica latifolia , differing by the leaves often reduced to sheaths, with an inconspicuous blade; predominantly violet flowers; erect to suberect outer tepals; and central stigmatic crest ca. 3.5 mm long.
Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: mun. Mangaratiba, Hotel Club Méditerranée, Reserva Rio das Pedras, na trilha que vai para a Toca da Aranha, 22º59’28”S, 44º06’10”W, ca. 90 m, 7 January 2002, M. Peixoto 44064 (holotype UEC!).
Herb, perennial, 40–60 cm tall. Rhizome 2–3 × 0.8–1.2 cm, vertical, occasionally curved, underground. Leaves and flowering stems (peduncle + first bract) congested at the apex of the rhizome. Leaves light to dark green, shiny, erect, often reduced to sheaths (7.5–12.5 × 0.4–1.4 cm), with an inconspicuous blade (0.3–0.5 cm long), or rarely similar to flowering stems (26–64 × 2–3.8 cm), ensiform to ensiform-lanceolate, with slightly prominent and evident midrib. Flowering stems 35–40 cm long; peduncle erect, winged, 16–24 × 1.1–1.8 cm, with conspicuous midrib. First bract recurved, 14–22 × 2–3.5 cm, with slightly prominent and evident midrib, without rhipidia. Second bract at the apex of a first rachis internode, 1.3–2 × 0.6–0.8 cm, erect to suberect, navicular, keeled, subtending the only rhipidium of the flowering stem; first rachis internode 0.1–1 × 0.2–0.3 cm. Third bract absent. Rhipidia 1 per flowering stem, 2.5–3 × 0.8–1.4 cm, apparently sessile, with two opposed invaginated leathery spathes enclosing the flower buds, the membranous bracteoles and the pedicels of mature flowers. Flowers 4–5 cm in diameter, abaxially yellow and adaxially predominantly violet; outer tepals 3–3.3 × 1.2–1.6 cm, erect to suberect, elliptic to suboblong, violet, with the basal portion pale-yellow, covered by reddish-brown, sublinear, transversal stripes; inner tepals 2.4–2.6 × 0.7–0.8 cm, erect, nearly sigmoid, with the basal portion radiate, the middle portion erect and the apical portion revolute, basal and mid thirds with white center, turning pale-yellow towards the margin, covered by reddish-brown, sublinear, diagonal stripes, base of the revolute apex with two parallel, deep-yellow, elongated streaks, fading towards the apex, apical third whitish at the base turning violet towards the apex, and base covered by violet stripes, diagonal (following the veins), turning reddish-brown towards the margin; reproductive column 12–13 mm long; stamens 7.5–8 mm long; filaments pale-yellow, 2.5–3 mm long; anthers violet to yellowish-violet, 4.5–5 mm long; styles pale-yellow; stigmatic crests white, margin entire; lateral crests erect, 3–3.5 mm long, navicular, apex acute; central crest erect to subpatent, 3–3.5 mm long, navicular, apex acute; ovary green, ca. 8 mm long, trigonous in cross-section, not sulcate, surface smooth. Fruits not seen.
Etymology:—The epithet of this new species honors Mr. Mauro Peixoto, an important collector of Iridaceae from Brazil.
Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Neomarica mauroi is only known from the Rio das Pedras Reserve, municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). The species grows on stony ground in the understory of ombrophilous forests. Individuals of N. mauroi bloomed in a greenhouse from September to November (fruits not seen). Cultivation of this species did not present any difficulty, since it flowered every year, showing little phenotypic plasticity.
Conservation status:— Neomarica mauroi type locality is a small private touristic reserve owned by the Club Mediterranée do Brasil (Mynssen & Windisch 2004). Besides the anthropic pressure imposed by the tourism, part of the reserve was used for banana plantations, and it is still possible to find banana trees in the area (Mynssen & Windisch 2004). Although several field trips were realized searching for Neomarica , no other population of this species was found. Considering the restricted distribution of N. mauroi (EOO <20 km 2; AOO <10 km 2) and the anthropic pressure affecting the locality, this species should be considered as Critically Endangered [CR B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)] according to the IUCN (2016) criteria. During the analysis of herbarium collections, two other Neomarica vouchers, similar to N. mauroi , were found [Rossi et al. 2197 (SPSF!) and Bianchini et al. 1405 (SPSF!)]. Although similar to N. mauroi , it would be necessary to analyze the flowers (which in both samples were destroyed) to confirm the identity of the specimens. These specimens have been collected in the State Park of Serra do Mar (São Paulo State), and if future collections confirm the occurrence of N. mauroi in this area, the threat level of the species could be reduced.
Taxonomic relationships:— Neomarica mauroi resembles N. latifolia ( Ravenna 2003: 36) Gil (2009: 99) ( Fig. 4 A–C View FIGURE 4 ), mainly by its flowering stem with a single apparently sessile rhipidium, always at the second bract; and the first bract much wider than the peduncle. However, Neomarica mauroi differs by the leaves often reduced to the sheaths, with an inconspicuous blade ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ; vs. leaves not reduced); predominantly violet flowers ( Fig. 2 D View FIGURE 2 ; vs. predominantly white, Fig. 4 B View FIGURE 4 ); erect to suberect outer tepals ( Fig. 2 C View FIGURE 2 ; vs. patent, Fig. 4 B View FIGURE 4 ); and central stigmatic crest 3–3.5 mm long (vs. reduced central crest, less than 1 mm long). Neomarica mauroi is also similar to N. silvestris ( Vellozo 1829: 34) Chukr (2001: 380) ( Fig. 4 D–F View FIGURE 4 ), sharing morphological affinities such as the small habit; flowering stem with a single apparently sessile rhipidium, always at the second bract; erect outer tepals; and overlapping distribution in Rio de Janeiro State. Neomarica mauroi differs by the leaves often reduced to sheaths, with an inconspicuous blade ( Fig. 2 B View FIGURE 2 ; vs. leaves not reduced); outer tepals always with free apices ( Fig. 2 C View FIGURE 2 ; vs. apices normally coherent, Fig. 4 D View FIGURE 4 ), abaxially yellow ( Fig. 2 C View FIGURE 2 ; vs. violet, 4 E); inner tepals with base of the revolute apex showing two yellow streaks (vs. single large yellow macula), and violet apex, not covered by stripes ( Fig. 2 D View FIGURE 2 ; vs. white apex, partially covered by violet stripes, Fig. 4 E View FIGURE 4 ).
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: mun. Mangaratiba, Reserva Rio das Pedras, trilha do Cambucá , 19 October 1996, J. M. A. Braga et al. 3596 ( RB!) ; mun. Mangaratiba, Reserva Rio das Pedras, início da trilha Toca da Aranha , 4 November 1997, R. Andreata et al. 1030 ( RB!) .
| M |
Botanische Staatssammlung München |
| UEC |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
| J |
University of the Witwatersrand |
| A |
Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
| RB |
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro |
| R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
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