Mikania fasciculata C.T. Oliveira & Pirani, 2016

Oliveira, Caetano Troncoso, Nakajima, Jimi Naoki & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, A new species of Mikania (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) from the southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil, Phytotaxa 243 (3), pp. 291-296 : 292-295

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987DE-FFA5-8012-3EF0-4722FE91FCD1
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Mikania fasciculata C.T. Oliveira & Pirani
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Mikania fasciculata C.T. Oliveira & Pirani View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figures 2 View FIGURE 2 and 3 View FIGURE 3 )

Mikania fasciculata is closely related to Mikania thapsoides DC. but differs from the latter mostly by its leaves narrowly elliptic, glabrous, with base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, vs. leaves deltoid, pilose abaxially, with base attenuate to hastate.

Type:― BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, margem da estrada que atravessa o parque, baixada de solo vermelho, 20.192083°S, 46.660725°W, 1295 m, 28 março 2014, C.T. Oliveira, G. Heiden & C.M. Siniscalchi 977 (holotype SPF!, isotypes BHCB!, HUFU!, K!, MBM!, RB!, US!).

Description:―Subshrub erect, 40–75 cm tall, perennial; stems cylindrical, striated, glabrous; underground system fasciculate with a short primary root and several spreading lateral ones. Leaves opposite, sessile, blade 3.0–10.5 × 1.0– 3.2 cm, herbaceous to membranous, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margin serrate to double serrate; venation pinnate with 1 pair of thicker secondary veins running along most of leaf blade, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous. Capitulescence terminal, corymbiform, peduncle glabrescent. Heads discoid, 0.9–1.6 cm tall; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm diam.; phyllaries 4, 7.0–13.7 × 2.0– 3.7 mm, 2 internal ones slightly larger than 2 external ones, persistent, narrowly elliptic, stiffly chartaceous, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, glabrous, with three evident parallel veins; subinvolucral bracts 1 per head, 5.0–11.9 × 1.5–2.3 mm, narrowly elliptic to linear, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, glabrous, just below the head or slightly below in the peduncle. Florets 4, hermaphrodite, fertile; corolla 6.5–9.0 mm long, white, tube 3.0– 5.2 mm long, always longer than the limb; limb 0.9–1.4 mm long, lobes 2.4–3.0 × 0.5–0.9 mm, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, divergent relative to tube, incurved; anthers 2.4–3.2 mm long, straw-colored, apex acute, rounded at base; style branches to ca. 6.0 mm long, appendages papillose; nectary annular ca. 1.0 mm long. Cypselae 3.9–4.3 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, carbonized, glabrous, costae 6–7, white, ciliate; pappus bristles ca. 80, in two series, slightly unequal, 3.8–7.2 mm long, longer than cypselae.

Distribution and habitat:― Mikania fasciculata occurs on red soils in formations of “ campo limpo” and “ campo cerrado” of the Cerrado Domain, in mountains of southwestern Minas Gerais state. It is known only from the Serra da Canastra and Morro das Pedras, Patrocínio municipality, at elevations around 1000 and 1400 m a.s.l. ( Figure 1 View FIGURE 1 ).

Phenology:―Flowering specimens were found from January to March, and fruiting specimens were collected in March.

Conservation status:― Mikania fasciculata is a rare species, with few populations known. The populations localized in the Serra da Canastra National Park are exposed to some stress, mainly because of fire and advance of invasive species. Only a single collection outside the Serra da Canastra was made in 1970.

Etymology:―The epithet fasciculata refers to the root system of this species, with several spreading lateral roots ( Figure 2 View FIGURE 2 ). This is not likely an exclusive feature of this species (Appezzato-da-Glória & Curry 2011), since there are few data available on the underground system in the genus. It looks like a storage organ and probably provides some protection against fire, an ecological factor frequent in the Cerrado.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):― BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Patrocínio, Morro das Pedras, ca. 37 km N.E. of Patrocínio , 29 January 1970, H.S. Irwin, E. Onishi, S.F. da Fonsêca, R. Souza, R. Reis dos Santos & J. Ramos 25591 (MBM, MO, NY, RB, UB, US). São Roque de Minas , Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra — Estrada São Roque-Sacramento, km 60, 22 Febuary 1997, J.N. Nakajima, R. Romero, A. Furlan & M.A. Farinaccio 2262 (HUFU, US) ; Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra—Estrada para São Roque , ca. de 5 km da guarita de Sacramento, 8 January 1998, R. Romero, J.N. Nakajima & M.A. Farinaccio 4829 (HUFU, ICN) ; Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra—Estrada para Cachoeira dos Rolinhos, 9 January 1998, R. Romero, J.N. Nakajima & M.A. Farinaccio 4873 (HUFU, K, MO) .