Anthophora (Micranthophora) cockerelli Timberlake, 1937

Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, Zootaxa 4511 (1), pp. 1-193 : 35-37

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:754B8A42-E269-42B5-92EB-043F3BEAA055
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798686
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1-D80C-D953-EDE4-4511E3B2927B
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anthophora (Micranthophora) cockerelli Timberlake, 1937
status

Treatment

Anthophora (Micranthophora) cockerelli Timberlake, 1937 View in CoL

( Figs. 39E View FIGURE 39 , 44E View FIGURE 44 , 49E View FIGURE 49 , 54E View FIGURE 54 , 59E View FIGURE 59 , 64E View FIGURE 64 , 69E View FIGURE 69 , 74E View FIGURE 74 )

Anthophora cockerelli Timberlake, 1937: 4 View in CoL (holotype: ♂; Barstow, CA, USA; coll. Timberlake, 6 Oct. 1928, at Cleomella obtusifolia ; AMNH, accession 35342).

Diagnosis. This species is unusually distinctive. It is immediately identifiable in males by their yellow facial maculations extending at least up to the antennal sockets ( Fig. 49E View FIGURE 49 ), and females may be similarly recognized by their facial maculations: clypeus fully maculated or rarely only nearly so, paraocular areas typically maculated up along clypeus to meet with supraclypeus, and supraclypeus fully maculated ( Fig. 39E View FIGURE 39 ). Males may be otherwise determined by the following character combination: foreleg slightly elongate, especially in femur and basitarsus ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ); midleg longer, primarily due to exceptionally elongate basitarsus ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ); T3 with or without appressed setae, and T4 onward typically with all dark setae ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ); T7 without medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections very reduced and often obscured by setae, and medial projections flattened into broad and weakly concave platform ( Fig. 59E View FIGURE 59 ). Females may be otherwise determined by the following character combination: galea tessellate, dull; mandible with inferior tooth unusually large, nearing size of main blade tip and clearly angled off it ( Fig. 39E View FIGURE 39 ); scape strongly maculated along underside; F2 onward yellow to orange below ( Fig. 39E View FIGURE 39 ); and anal fimbria light, yellowish.

Male description. Head: Facial maculations richly yellow. Galea reaching middle or rear of foretrochanter in repose; light to medium brown; moderately tessellate but less so near base, usually with weak reflections. Mandible with inferior tooth large and clearly triangular, strongly angled off main blade; maculated from base to around middle of inferior tooth ( Fig. 49E View FIGURE 49 ). Labral rim tridentate; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation complete ( Fig. 49E View FIGURE 49 ); punctation somewhat sparser apicomedially. Paraocular area maculated; usually complete. Supraclypeal area maculated; complete. Scape maculated; fully along length and width below. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, yellow to orange. Male foreleg with femur, tibia, and basitarsus elongate; with unusually long, sparse, simple setae along posterior edge ( Figs. 49E View FIGURE 49 , 54E View FIGURE 54 ). Male midleg with basitarsus and tarsi longer than in foreleg ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ). Male hindleg relatively unmodified, only slightly longer throughout; inner faces with unusually long setal tufts ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ). Basitibial plate present but reduced; small and circular, often negligible or obscured by setae. Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae; T2 always with some appressed setae; T3 with or without appressed setae; T4 onward typically without appressed setae. Terga moderately tessellate to smooth between punctures, with strong reflections; usually apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims translucent, medium to dark brown. Male T7 ( Fig. 59E View FIGURE 59 ) without or with weak medial longitudinal carina, often obscured by setae or punctation; lateral projections reduced to small nubs, typically obscured by setae; medial projections flattened, rim nearly straight but slightly concave to middle. Male S5 resembling Fig. 38D View FIGURE 38 , with dense and dark erect setal patches, but somewhat longer laterally. Male S6 resembling Fig 38A View FIGURE 38 , clearly medially emarginate to a rounded or pointed middle, but shallower overall. Male S7 ( Fig. 64E View FIGURE 64 ) with setae absent or restricted to sides around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest clearly before rounded lateral tips; apical half vaguely heart-shaped, rim rounded outward, with shallow medial emargination. Male S8 ( Fig. 69E View FIGURE 69 ) lateral projections absent; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically entire. Male genital capsule ( Fig. 74E View FIGURE 74 ) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by small bump, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite with distinct bump in apical half; tip, in profile, minute and rounded, often negligible; gonostylus tip position inferior to that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: Appears yellow to orange overall, with some black on metasoma. Light setae generally yellow, except white on tibial outer faces, with some dark in following areas: legs dark from femur onward, exclusive of tibial outer faces; terga almost entirely dark where appressed setae absent; sterna primarily dark.

Female similar to male, except: Head: Galea more tessellate, duller. Labral rim rounded. Clypeal maculation rarely absent near tentorial punctures ( Fig. 39E View FIGURE 39 ). Paraocular area typically immaculate laterally, but reaching supraclypeus along side of clypeus. Mesosoma: Legs unmodified in length ( Fig. 44E View FIGURE 44 ). Midtibial spur apically curved; orange to near brown. Basitibial plate circular distally, teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae; T5 with extensive appressed setae. T4 impunctate rim of short length medially, often barely visible. Anal fimbria triangular to mound-like, covering third of T5 length medially or nearly sometimes nearing half. Pubescence: See Fig. 44E View FIGURE 44 . Appears yellow to tan overall. Setae yellow to whitish, except as follows: leg inner faces orangish; hindbasitarsal brush light to medium brown; anal fimbria white to orangish; sterna often orangish.

Distribution. See Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 . Present in USA: California, Nevada, likely Arizona. Found almost exclusively in Mojave Desert, especially northern and western portions thereof. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 309 specimen records: 3 ecoregions total: Mojave Desert (307=97.8%), Great Basin shrub steppe (6=1.9%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (1≤1%).

Phenology. Recorded from April–October, primarily summer and fall, most common in August–September. Either bivoltine or emerges quite opportunistically.

Nesting biology. Unknown.

Floral specialization. Reported as a potential specialist on “capers” ( Capparaceae and Cleomaceae ) ( Moldenke & Neff 1974). Appears true based on known records, primarily visits Cleomella obtusifolia and Oxystylis lutea , and its distribution is apparently linked to these hosts. Primary recorded visits by 110 females include: Family Cleomaceae (69%), Capparaceae (22%); Genus Cleomella (69%), Oxystylis (18%); Species Cleomella obtusifolia (66%), Oxystylis lutea (18%). 164 total floral records from eight families include: Boraginaceae (3 ♂ 4 ♀): Heliotropium curassavicum 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Capparaceae (10 ♂ 24 ♀): Oxystylis lutea 8 ♂ 20

♀, Wislizenia refracta 1 ♂ 4 ♀, Wislizenia sp. 1 ♂, Cleomaceae (37 ♂ 76 ♀): Cleome sp. 1 ♀, Cleomella obtusifolia 34 ♂ 73 ♀, Cleomella oocarpa 3 ♂, Cleomella sp. 2 ♀, Euphorbiaceae (1 ♀): Croton californicus 1 ♀, Fabaceae (2 ♀): Dalea sp. 1 ♀, Prosopis sp. 1 ♀, Loasaceae (2 ♂ 1 ♀): Petalonyx thurberi 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Onagraceae (2 ♂ 1 ♀): Camissonia boothii 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Plantaginaceae (1 ♀): Penstemon fruticiformis 1 ♀.

Specimens examined: USA: CALIFORNIA: Inyo County: Big Pine: 3 ♂, 8 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Big Pine, 14 mi S: 1 ♂, 21 Jul 1956, J.I. Stage; Big Pine, 3 mi E: 1 ♀, 23 Jun 1971, R.M. Bohart; China Lake, G1 rd: 5 ♂, 25 May 1996, G. Pratt, G.R. Ballmer; China Lake, SE margin: 2 ♀, 13 Oct 1995, G.R. Ballmer; Death Valley Junction: 2 ♀, 24 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♀, 17 Sep 1993, T.L. Griswold; 8 ♂ 19 ♀, 20 Sep 1993, T.L. Griswold; 3 ♀, 19 Sep 2013, M.C. Orr; Emigrant Canyon: 5 ♀, 28 Aug 1979, collector unknown; Grapevine Canyon: 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 16 Sep 1993, T.L. Griswold; Grapevine Ranger Station: 1 ♀, 21 Oct 1978, collector unknown; Jct Saline Valley Road [= Grapevine Canyon Road] and Hunter Mountain Road: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 May 1987, R.R. Snelling; Keeler: 1 ♀, 23 Sep 1987, T.L. Griswold; Little Lake: 1 ♂, 3 Sep 1956, R.M. Bohart; Lone Pine: 1 ♀, 14 Jun 1934, E.C. VanDyke; 1 ♂, 24 May 1937, E.C. VanDyke; 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 9 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂, 13 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 5 ♂ 4 ♀, 14 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 Jun 1937, E. VanDyke; 5 ♂ 6 ♀, 14 Jun 1937, E.C. VanDyke; 1 ♀, 14 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 3 ♂ 2 ♀, 15 Jun 1937, collector unknown; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 16 Jun 1937, E.C. VanDyke; 1 ♀, Jun 1937, collector unknown; 1 ♂, 28 Jul 1940, E.E. Kenaga; 1 ♂, 28 Jul 1940, R. Beamer; Lone Pine, 2 mi E: 1 ♂, 19 May 1970, E.E. Grissell; Lone Pine, Owens Valley: 1 ♂, 14 Jun 1937, collector unknown; Lone Pine, Whitney Road: 1 ♂, 19 May 1937, W.C. Reeves; North Haiwee Rervoir, 4 mi S Olancha: 2 ♂, 24 Jun 2005, E.E. Williams, K.A. Williams; Olancha, Owens Valley: 1 ♀, 18 May 1954, collector unknown; Owens Lake: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 2 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; Owens Lake, N end: 1 ♂, 2 Jun 1937, C.D. Michener; Owens Valley; Dolomite, nr: 1 ♂, 16 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Tecopa: 1 ♀, 15 May 1995, P.F. Torchio; dunes 1 mi E of Olancha, Owens Valley: 2 ♂, 30 May 2004, D. Yanega; 3 ♂ 2 ♀, 30 May 2004, G.R. Ballmer; dunes 1 mi E of Olancha, south end of Owens Lake, Owens Valley: 4 ♂, 26 May 1974, collector unknown; 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 12 Sep 1974, collector unknown; 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 17 Sep 1974, collector unknown; Kern County: China Lake, Pole Line rd: 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1996, G. Pratt, G.R. Ballmer; Edwards AFB, Branch Memorial Park: 1 ♂, 25 Sep 1996, G. Pratt, C. Pierce; Last Chance Canyon, Red Rock State Park, El Paso Mountains: 2 ♀, 16 Sep 1978, collector unknown; Rogers Dry Lake, SE: 1 ♂, 26 Jun 1996, G. Pratt, B. Deyhers; Walker Pass: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1953, G.D. Butler; Los Angeles County: 0.5 mi W of 30th St on Ave E, near Lancaster: 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 28 Sep 1960, collector unknown; Edwards AFB, 140th st, W: 4 ♂, 29 Aug 1997, G. Pratt, C. Pierce; Lancaster: 1 ♂, 12 Aug 1954, R.R. Snelling; 4 ♀, 17 Aug 1954, R.R. Snelling; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 18 Aug 1954, R.R. Not not Use Snelling; 1 ♂ 4 ♂, 18 Aug 1954, R.R. Snelling; 1 ♀, 20 Aug 1954, R.R. Not not Use Snelling; None County: Tehachapi: 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1947, J.W. MacSwain; San Bernardino County: 1 mi E of Newberry Springs: 9 ♂ 8 ♀, 18 Aug 1966, collector unknown; 1 mi N of Helendale: 1 ♂, 13 Jun 1979, J.C. Hall; 4 mi NW of Adelanto: 1 ♀, 12 Jul 1995, R.R. Snelling; 4.4 mi S of Trona: 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 13 Oct 1985, R.R. Snelling; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 16 Oct 1985, R.R. Snelling; Afton Canyon, 3 mi S I-15,: 1 ♂, 4 May 1957, A.S. Menke; 1 ♀, 31 May 1993, R.R. Snelling; Baker, 23 mi S: 1 ♀, 10 May 1988, K.W. Cooper; Barstow: 7 ♀, 12 Sep 1924, P.H. Timberlake; 4 ♀, 14 Sep 1935, P.H. Timberlake; 2 ♂ 1 ♂, 9 Jul 1938, C.M. Dammers; 1 ♂, 14 Sep 1951, J. Rozen; 6 ♀, 14 Sep 1951, J.G. Rozen; 1 ♂, 7 Sep 1952, R.R. Not not Use Snelling; Bitter Spring: 2 ♂, 25 Jun 1995, G. Pratt, C. Pierce; Cronise Valley: 1 ♀, 29 Apr 1956, J. Powell; 1 ♀, 29 Apr 1956, P.D. Hurd; 1 ♀, 5 May 1960, A.E. Menke; 2 ♂, 5 May 1960, F.D. Parker; Cronise [= Cronese Valley]: 1 ♂, 23 Apr 1956, P.H. Timberlake; Crucero: 1 ♀, 11 Jul 1979, K.W. Cooper; Essex: 1 ♀, 2 Jul 1953, E.S. Ross; Hodge: 1 ♂, 14 Sep 1935, P.H. Timberlake; Ibex Dunes, W margin: 1 ♀, 8 May 2014, Z.M. Portman; Newberry Springs [= Newberry]: 1 ♂ 7 ♀, 19 Sep 1964, R.R. Snelling; Oro Grande: 1 ♀, 7 Oct 1928, P.H. Timberlake; Sandy Valley: 1 ♀, 5 Jun 1998, F.D. Parker; Saratoga Springs, Death Valley National Park: 1 ♀, 30 May 1953, A. Fukushima; Victorville: 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 14 Sep 1935, C.D. Michener; 3 ♀, 28 Sep 1938, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 25 Jun 1949, H.E. Cott; 2 ♂ 2 ♂, 7 Jul 1951, J.C. Hall; 1 ♀, Sep year unknown, C.D. Michener; Yermo: 1 ♂ 12 ♀, 9 Jul 1938, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1939, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 7 Sep 1952, R.R. Not not Use Snelling; 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 7 Sep 1952, R.R. Snelling; NEVADA: Clark County : Mesquite Valley, E: 1 ♀, 10 Aug 1998, M. Andres, T.L. Griswold, C. Schultz; Wechech Basin, 1.5 mi SW: 1 ♀, 7 Sep 2005, A. Portoluri; Nye County: Ash Meadows NWR, Crystal Reservoir: 3 ♀, 25 Jun 2008, D.A. Tanner, J. Pitts, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, Crystal dunes, BT: 2 ♀, 28 May 2008, D.A. Tanner; 1 ♀, 29 May 2008, D.A. Tanner; Ash Meadows NWR, Mesquite dunes S of Spring Meadows Rd., Mequite: 1 ♀, 11 Jun 2008, D.A. Tanner; Ash Meadows NWR, Peterson dunes: 1 ♂, 14 May 2008, D.A. Tanner; Ash Meadows NWR, S. Spring Meadows Rd dune, BT: 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 25 Jun 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows, School Spring dune: 1 ♀, 25 Jun 2008, D.A. Tanner, J. Pitts, N. Boehme; 1 ♂, 25 Jun 2008, No collector.